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Topic: Political liberalism

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	20th WCP: Liberalism, Civic Reformism and Democracy
		Liberalism assumes political representation to be a necessary mediation for the institutional complexity of modern societies, though it does not mean to abandon the assumption of participation as the full accomplishment of the civil condition.
		Liberal pluralism is an inclusive pluralism whose ideal is but a community of communities: the old medieval idea of a universal community, but, rather, the Kantian idea of a world confederation of states or the pragmatist idea of a universal community of communication.
		Liberalism is a public philosophy committed to the accomplishment, the improvement and, hence, the reform of the civil condition.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Poli/PoliRosa.htm (2559 words)

	Liberalism
		Liberalism can be understood as (1) a political tradition (2) a political philosophy and (3) a general philosophical theory, encompassing a theory of value, a conception of the person and a moral theory as well as a political philosophy.
		Those who insist that liberalism is ultimately a nihilistic theory can be interpreted as arguing that this transition cannot be made successfully: liberals, on their view, are stuck with a subjectivistic or pluralistic theory of value, and no account of the right emerges from it.
		Prominent liberals have recently shied away from the conception of liberalism as a comprehensive philosophy, and have sought to return to its roots: as a purely political doctrine.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/liberalism (4702 words)

	Psychobabble as motivated political liberalism
		Liberalism is also associated with collectivism because in order to ensure that things are given away, centralized control is needed in the form of higher taxes and large social programs.
		The temptation of psychologists to rationalize the political beliefs of others is a recurrent theme in the psychology literature; hence the many pseudo-psychoanalyses of Adolf Hitler, which have shed about as much light on his ideology and behavior as the single-testicle theory alluded to by Doug Powers.
		Politics is the realm of speculative opinions, vicious name-calling, unsubstantiated insinuations, and wild flights of hyperbole; but these are not a part of science.
	entropy.brneurosci.org /psychobabble.html (2089 words)

	Rawls' Political Liberalism by Andy Blunden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is the sense in which Rawls describes political liberalism as a “self-standing” doctrine and as a “political” and not comprehensive doctrine.
		Rawls’ political liberalism does not answer any of the substantial questions of justice in bourgeois society; it simply advises that when someone comes forward with a legitimate claim and is capable of bringing its opponents to the negotiating table, then it should be dealt with reasonably.
		The central concepts of his theory of political liberalism are: the original position”;; justice as fairness”; “overlapping consensus” “for the right reasons”; “public reason”; “rational” and “reasonable”; counting one another as “free and equal”; “self-standing” conceptions; “political” conceptions; “comprehensive doctrine”; a “well-ordered system of social cooperation”.
	home.mira.net /~andy/blackwood/rawls.htm (5589 words)

	20th WCP: Justification of Political Liberalism and the Catholic Paradox
		Rawls declares tha political liberalism reveals that the most appropriate and reasonable conception of justice in a democratic society marked by pluralism is one which allows comprehensive doctrines to affirm this political conception and join in an overlapping consensus.
		Rawls needs to justify political liberalism from a more realistically grounded perspective, rather than imposing a weakened categorical imperative that hypothetically pictures citizens as enjoying a buffet of social affiliations instead of having strong committments to their inescapable frameworks.
		The upshot of all this is that Rawls fails to justify the principles of political liberalism.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Soci/SociMagy.htm (3814 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A liberal polity guided by a commitment to value pluralism will be parsimonious in specifying binding public principles and cautious about employing such principles to intervene in the internal affairs of civil associations.
		Gray has rightly argued that liberal polities are not neutral in their sociological effects; certain forms of life are placed in the defensive, or marginalized.
		An earlier version of this essay was presented at the conference "Liberalism and Its Critics," sponsored by the Department of Philosophy of The George Washington University, March 1996.
	www.puaf.umd.edu /IPPP/galston.htm (3520 words)

	Political Liberalism and Universal claims: Introduction
		National particularities colored the different national perceptions of the same "universal" human beings and their rights, but as long as domestic diversity was not an issue (thanks to a widely perceived national homogenity, and the enchantment and delight people took in perceiving themselves as national citizens), to uphold universal claims was no problem.
		But the liberal anthropological presupposition of an "unencumbered self" generates necessarily a theoretical construct that is likely to be accepted only by those who agree to the one (or the few) characteristic element(s) of the unencumbered self.
		It is his liberal excitement of having developed the latest theory, having carried liberty to new heights, which certainly demands universal application.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/1180/liberalism1.htm (1189 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Liberalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A fundamental principle of Liberalism is the proposition: "It is contrary to the natural, innate, and inalienable right and liberty and dignity of man, to subject himself to an authority, the root, rule, measure, and sanction of which is not in himself".
		As a direct offspring of Humanism and the Reformation in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, modern Liberalism was further developed by the philosophers and literati of England especially Locke and Hume, by Rousseau and the Encyclopedists in France, and by Lessing and Kant in Germany.
		Liberalism was first formulated by the Protestant Genevese (Rousseau, Necker, Mme de Staël, Constant, Guizot); nevertheless it was from France, that it spread over the rest of the world, as did its different representative types.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09212a.htm (1947 words)

	Ever since the publication of A Theory of Justice, John Rawls has been modifying his conception of justice as fairness. ...
		Since a political conception of justice has its basis in ideas that are "latent in the public political culture," it is noncontroversial in nature.
		Rawls must go one step further and show that his political conception would be preferred by reasonable persons over any other political conception.
		Rawls's Political Liberalism is a rich and suggestive account of how to justify a scheme of principles for ordering the basic structure of society.
	caae.phil.cmu.edu /Cavalier/Forum/meta/background/Rawls_pl.html (1722 words)

	Canadian Conservative Forum - Requested Essay
		The discussion emphasizes its seriousness as a logical outcome of liberalism (the dominant political tradition of the West), its incompatibility with freedom and self-government, and the likely need for radical changes in the understandings on which political life is carried on to which it gives rise.
		Political correctness, which requires that every group be given an equal share of respect, is simply the application of affirmative action to intangible aspects of social status.
		Even liberals who support free speech agree with their more advanced brethren that speech that violates PC is morally illegitimate; their view, accordingly, rests on little more than a distrust of government that is already fatally compromised by the enormous authority granted it in general, and by their suspicion of private power.
	www.conservativeforum.org /EssaysForm.asp?ID=6154 (5679 words)

	The Problem With Liberalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I cannot be a liberal and I cannot even be in strategic alliance with liberals, but I may from time to time find myself in tactical alliance with them-just as with conservatives-defending the cause of particular laws, precepts, or policies that they too approve, but for reasons of their own.
		So we are speaking of a style of politics in which the groups in power decide for us which of their causes our wealth is to support, taking that wealth by force.
		Political liberalism was not always solipsistic, but the change has hardly been noticed.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9603/articles/budzisz.html (5493 words)

	PC and the Crisis of Liberalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To a contemporary liberal "free speech" can not be a persuasive objection to PC.[15] The goal of liberalism is effective freedom, and to that end it insists on rationality in all things, including the protection given various sorts of conduct.
		From a liberal standpoint that result is oppressive,[16] and suppression of such speech should correspondingly be viewed as a liberating act.
		Some[24] defend liberalism against charges of tyranny on the grounds that it is a political principle rather than a complete moral theory, and men are free to take questions of good and evil seriously outside the sphere of public life.
	www.cycad.com /cgi-bin/pinc/feb98/kalb-pc.html (5605 words)

	liberalism -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		For liberals, power is most importantly abused by governments, but it may also be abused by the wealthy; by monarchs, aristocrats, and others with inherited authority and privileges; and indeed by any group that has the means and the inclination...
		Politically, liberalism ultimately aspired to a system of government based on majority rule—i.e., one in which government executed the expressed will of a majority of the electorate.
		Liberalism has flourished in Western society since the 18th century, but its history may be divided into two markedly distinct periods—the classical and the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9117288?source=RSSOTD (884 words)

	Blogit > The AntiChrist - Illiberal & Cruel to Boot. > Comments on Political Liberalism
		But when you combine wisdom and liberalism, for instance a person experienced in many areas of life with compassion for those who have great disadvantages in the economic game, sometimes a huge genius is uncovered, and that is unlikely with a conservative.
		For this reason they adopted the "liberal" and unheard of doctrine found in the first amendment, in order to ensure that our Government would remain NUETRAL in the concerns of religion, allowing people to practice according to their own dictates and not dictated by the state.
		The liberal state maintains the loyalty of the people by insisting that it is acting with neutrality to all such substantive beliefs.
	www.blogit.com /Blogs/Comments.aspx/77141 (986 words)

	Liberalism
		Liberal International (LI) is the world federation of liberal and democratic political parties.
		LI was founded in 1947 to strengthen liberal protection from totalitarianism, facism and communism.
		It has since become the pre-eminent network for promoting liberalism, individual freedom, human rights, the rule of law, tolerance, equality of opportunity, social justice, free trade and a market economy.
	www.liberal-international.org (227 words)

	Political Liberalism as Secular Religion
		A short list of the defining “positions” of political liberals would include the common liberal sentiments (opposition to racism, the devaluation of women and the concern for the protection of the quality of the natural environment, which are mainstream issues and sentiments widely shared by moderates and conservatives).
		The point of interest here is that political liberals consist of two groups: the angry and outspoken activists who define “pure” doctrine, and the much larger group who simply go along.
		Liberalism’s tendency to elevate “correct” stances and gestures creates an extraordinary ability to shield the comfortable hedonist life styles of its main adherents from moral criticism.
	www.jaygaskill.com /liberalismasreligion.htm (1605 words)

	A Note on Some Recent Western Writing on Islamic Resurgence
		Binder maintains that liberalism is not only rational, universal, and politically feasible, but it is the only alternative to the political and moral predicament of the Third World, especially the Muslim world.
		According to Leo Strauss, [21] political theology is made up of those teachings that are based on divine revelation, whereas political philosophy is limited to what is accessible to the unassisted human mind.
		Political philosophy, as advanced by Binder, is based on the notion that the best context for political action is that of a democracy.
	www.al-islam.org /al-tawhid/islamicresurgencewritings/4.htm (616 words)

	SUNY Press :: Political Liberalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The concept of a purely political liberalism that first emerged in the writings of John Rawls has attracted a significant amount of commentary and proven to be one of the most provocative and influential developments in contemporary political theory.
		Political Liberalism gathers together a number of eminent theorists, each with their own distinctive understanding of political liberalism, to explore and analyze the character and content of the idea—as opposed to a single conception—of this term.
		This book reveals the rich and complex nature of the dialogue among proponents of political liberalism and its important nuances, and in so doing offers a valuable resource for students and specialists alike.
	www.sunypress.edu /details.asp?id=60973 (263 words)

	Political Conservatism and Classical Liberalism
		The political, left of today, whether the Democratic party in the United States, the Labour Party in the U.K., or one of the Social Democratic parties in Europe are resisting change and desperately trying to conserve failing Welfare States in Europe and what remains of the New/Fair Deals in the United States.
		Liberals are resistant to change in respect to preferential employment policies and college student admissions which are way past their time of usefulness.
		On all these issues, the dominant political and economic issues of the20th century, the political left was not only resistant to experience and on several of them still is to this day, but was wrong and on the wrong side of history.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~grjan/jost_conservatism.html (3887 words)

	BAYLOR UNIVERSITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To discuss and critique social and political liberalism, its historical foundations and contemporary expressions.
		To explore alternatives to social and political liberalism which are consistent with democratic institutions and practices.
		Richard Rorty, “Postmodern Bourgeois Liberalism,” “The Priority of Democracy to Philosophy,” and “The Contingency of the Liberal Community,” and “Private Irony, Public Hope” and “Religion as Conversation-Stopper”.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Michael_Beaty/classes/phi4361.html (1969 words)

	CorpWatch : What is Neoliberalism?
		In the U.S. political liberalism has been a strategy to prevent social conflict.
		The liberal school of economics became famous in Europe when Adam Smith, an English economist, published a book in 1776 called THE WEALTH OF NATIONS.
		Liberating "free" enterprise or private enterprise from any bonds imposed by the government (the state) no matter how much social damage this causes.
	www.corpwatch.org /article.php?id=376 (970 words)

	A Primer on Neoliberalism - Global Issues
		Its objective was to free economic life from social and political control and it did so by constructing a new institution, the free market, and by breaking up the more socially rooted markets that had existed in England for centuries.
		Contradicting themselves, as if it were, they argued for government policies that deprived the peasants their way of life of self-provision, to coerce them into waged labor.
		However, as elites and corporations saw their profits diminish with this equalizing effect, economic liberalism was revived, hence the term “neoliberalism”.
	www.globalissues.org /TradeRelated/FreeTrade/Neoliberalism.asp (5006 words)

	Political Liberalism; ; John Rawls
		In Political Liberalism John Rawls continues and revises the idea of justice as fairness he presented in A Theory of Justice, but changes its philosophical interpretation in a fundamental way.
		His answer is based on a redefinition of a "well-ordered society." It is no longer a society united in its basic moral beliefs but in its political conception of justice, and this justice is the focus of an overlapping consensus of reasonable comprehensive doctrines.
		Justice as fairness can be now presented as an example of such a political conception; that it can be the focus of an overlapping consensus meanest that it can be endorsed by the main religious, philosophical, and moral doctrines that endure over time in a well-ordered society.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/cup/catalog/data/023105/0231052480.HTM (386 words)

	Political Liberalism; Expanded Edition; John Rawls
		Recognizing this as a permanent condition of democracy, Rawls asks how a stable and just society of free and equal citizens can live in concord when divided by reasonable but incompatible doctrines?
		This edition includes the essay "The Idea of Public Reason Revisited," which outlines Rawls' plans to revise Political Liberalism, which were cut short by his death.
		"An extraordinary well-reasoned commentary on A Theory of Justice...a decisive turn towards political philosophy."
	www.columbia.edu /cu/cup/catalog/data/023113/0231130880.HTM (338 words)

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