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Topic: Political TV advertising

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	Political campaign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some examples of political campaigns are: the effort to execute or banish Socrates from Athens in the 5th century BCE, the uprising of petty nobility against John of England in the 13th century, or the recent push to remove Michael Eisner from the helm of The Walt Disney Company.
		While TV advertising is illegal, UK parties are entitled to party election broadcasts and party political broadcasts, typically 5 minute pieces produced by the party and shown on the same day on all five principal TV channels.
		Political campaigns in the United States are not merely a civic ritual and occasion for political debate, but a multi-billion dollar industry, dominated by professional political consultants using sophisticated campaign management tools, to an extent far greater than elsewhere in the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_TV_advertising (2981 words)

	Television advertisement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These long-lasting advertising elements may therefore be said to have taken a place in the pop culture history of the demographic to which they have appeared.
		In the United States, the TV commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market advertising format, and this is reflected by the high prices TV networks charge for commercial airtime during popular TV events.
		The annual Super Bowl football game is known as much for its commercial advertisements as for the game itself, and the average cost of a single thirty-second TV spot during this game has reached $2.5 million (as of February 2006).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Television_commercial (2398 words)

	Advertising
		In addition, TV spot announcements have become a major feature of campaigns for public offices at the national and state levels.
		The chief criticism of political advertising concerns the use of such spot announcements, which may concentrate on creating an image of a candidate and tend to oversimplify the issues.
		The first advertising agencies acted as brokers--that is, they bought space at a discount from newspapers and resold it to advertisers.
	www.puhsd.k12.ca.us /chana/staffpages/eichman/civics/elections/3/advertising1.htm (1151 words)

	Spending on TV political ads nears all-time high
		Political spending on television ads has eclipsed the record amount spent by candidates, political parties and independent groups in the 2000 presidential election year and could hit $1 billion by Election Day.
		Spending on political TV advertising already has topped $678 million, more than the $672 million spent in 2000, which featured one of the closest races for president in history.
		Demand for advertising time is driving up prices in media markets where the saturation is heaviest, in some cases crowding out non-political advertisers.
	www.aef.com /industry/news/data/2002/2166 (441 words)

	VCTA: Cable TV Advertising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The candidate or political party not using cable is underdelivering its message to the politically motivated, responsive cable audience, because cable viewers watch less broadcast TV and are drawn to the programming available to them only on cable.
		I advertise on sports programs, because when I campaign door to door, I reach a lot of women, but the men are usually not at home.
		During a political race, it is necessary to make your point clearly, to delineate your position from your opponent's.
	www.vcta.com /industry/political.html (807 words)

	Analyzing Political Television Advertisements \| George Burson \| OAH Magazine of History
		Many students lack the political sophistication necessary to interpret the underlying messages that are a basic ingredient of political advertising.
		Show the political ads to the students in class and have them fill out the worksheet after each ad is viewed (you may want to do this activity in groups).
		As a follow-up for this assignment, have students (either in class or for homework) do research on a political ad to see if the claims made for the candidate, or against his opponent, are valid.
	www.oah.org /pubs/magazine/communication/burson.html (439 words)

	(ITT) "The Digital TV Heist" by Robert W. McChesney
		After all the stations have switched to digital and most Americans have digital TV sets or converters that will enable them to receive digital signals on their existing sets, the FCC is supposed to reclaim the spectrum now used for analog broadcasting and auction it off to other kinds of users.
		With the advent of digital TV, every community that currently has four to seven over-the-air TV stations may soon be able to receive 20 to 50 stations.
		In the current political environment, the only remotely substantive public-service principle under consideration -requiring free air time for political candidates-will probably get through only if it does not damage the billion-dollar-per-election TV political advertising cash cow.
	user.mc.net /~chwalisz/itt-DigitalTvHeist.htm (2717 words)

	Propaganda article - Propaganda message political advertising North Korean Capitol Kinds propaganda - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The primary use of the term is in political contexts and generally refers to efforts sponsored by governments and political parties.
		A similar manipulation of information is well known, e.g., in advertising, but normally it is not called propaganda in the latter context.
		Such permeating propaganda may be used for political goals: by giving to citizens a false impression of the quality or policies of their country, they may be incited to reject certain proposals or certain remarks, or ignore the experience of others.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Propaganda (3530 words)

	TV advertising for national, regional and local
		America's leader in regional and local TV advertising, support for national cable TV networks, affiliate and broadcast TV advertising, spot cable, interactive communications including the internet, unwired broadcast, political TV advertising, plus, specialized media buying for every need as well as media research.
		CTV Media's broad spectrum of coverage insures that with a single contact you can place your broadcast and cable TV ad in national, regional, and local media outlets throughout the United States.
		They're obligated to sell cable advertising at the highest rate and control the cable market as much as possible for their parent companies.
	www.ctvmedia.com (212 words)

	ludlow091600 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		TV is the principal source of news and information for most households.
		Particularly lacking is TV news coverage that allows candidates - from those running for president to those seeking local office - to speak directly at any length beyond seven-second sound bites.
		Critics point out TV networks and stations are quick to pocket big-buck profits from political commercials, yet devote little of their air time to candidates discussing the issues.
	www.cincypost.com /opinion/2000/ludlow091600.html (698 words)

	Political Advertising
		One of the directions of activities of the Advertising Research Office "Prospect" is the study of the mass media audience (the rating of TV and radio channels, readability of periodicals, etc.).
		Offering an overview of the history of election politics and political advertising on TV, it is intended to provide a new perspective on the current presidential campaign by highlighting how politicians try to introduce themselves as heroes, how they try to differentiate themselves from their opponents and how they attack each other.
		While political advertising can play on people's fears or misrepresent candidates' positions, the greatest ethical concern is how much money political advertising requires candidates to raise and spend, said Archbishop John P. Foley.
	www.adendum.com /search_engines/political_advertising.htm (4724 words)

	Hypergene MediaBlog » How U.S. broadcast TV undermines democracy and the public interest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the final weeks before election, according to The Lear Center, TV stations air four times as many political ads as campaign stories and devote twice as much time to advertising as to news.
		This year national spending on TV political ads could reach $1 billion, more than double the $498 million spent in 1998, the last mid-term election.
		We, the American public, gave the TV stations airwaves for free, in return for their commitment to serve the public interest and democratic good.
	www.hypergene.net /blog/comments.php?id=P59_0_1_0 (572 words)

	Political Advertising
		This issues surrounding political communication and broadcast media are fairly complex and an issue of considerable controversy at varying points in recent broadcast history.
		Would radio and TV ads for the dealerships that mention the Darrow name be electioneering communications and thus banned in the run-up to the primary and the election?, the company asked.
		The FCC ruled (the second week of August) that TV stations have to air the political spots for federal candidates, but they may air with a disclaimer saying the ads could be disturbing to children, if the station chooses.
	www2.una.edu /jmcmulle/400politics.htm (6371 words)

	MPR: Election 1996: Political Advertising
		David Sharp, Executive Director of the Citizens Campaign advertising code, which calls on candidates to review and appear in their own ads, to not use distorted pictures of their opponents, and to reject ads aired on their behalf by independent funders.
		Dr. Alger is author of The Media and Politics, 2nd ed., published in fall, 1995, and co-author of Crosstalk: Citizens, Candidates and Media in a Presidential Campaign, published in April, 1996; he is also author or co-author of numerous professional papers on the political advertising, the media's role in elections, and related subject matter.
		He is a former Fellow at the Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Policy in the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
	news.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/199611/05_newsroom_election/advertising (519 words)

	Television election ads bombarding Nevadans
		The barrage of political TV advertising in Northern Nevada — fueled by Nevada’s status as a presidential battleground state that could swing a close election — is at an all-time high.
		TV is the preferred medium for political candidates because it can reach more people than newspapers or radio, other TV executives said.
		The difference in the amount of advertising between mainstream TV and the Spanish-speaking stations is apparent to viewers, said Jesse Gutierrez, executive director of Nevada Hispanic Services and a registered Republican.
	www.rgj.com /news/stories/html/2004/10/31/84124.php (2010 words)

	Communication Studies Resources: The University of Iowa
		A PBS documentary supplement that features an historical timeline of U.S. political advertising on TV, a unit on the creation process "From Idea to Ad," and "Tricks of the Trade" on how particular meanings and moods are manipulated.
		Stanford's Political Communication Lab offers multimedia coverage of the attempted recall of Governor Gray Davis and various candidates running for the seat should the recall succeed.
		Advertising can be aired continuously at a single level of gross rating points throughout the election.
	www.uiowa.edu /~commstud/resources/pol_ads.html (2487 words)

	USATODAY.com - Election ad battle smashes record in 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Candidates, political parties and independent groups spent at least $1.6 billion on TV ads this year, more than double the previous record of $771 million set in 2000.
		Evan Tracey, chief operating officer at TNSMI/CMAG, says spending on TV advertising exploded this year in part because both presidential campaigns decided to raise and spend their own money up to and through their political conventions.
		Independent political groups that sprang up to rake in the unlimited contributions the parties no longer could accept spent at least $262 million, much of it on TV.
	www.usatoday.com /news/washington/2004-11-25-election-ads_x.htm (860 words)

	USC: USC TIMES: Short Article Title
		That's what happened recently to Vance L. Kornegay, an associate professor with the School of Journalism and Mass Communications, when he was given the opportunity to work with a database of political TV advertising and use it to help journalism students study how the mass media works.
		After data is e-mailed to Kornegay each day about when and where senate and gubernatorial political TV advertising appears in the South Carolina markets, he recodes it and publishes it on the Web in a format students can easily access and use without specialized software.
		Possible uses include such things as studies on advertising strategies in individual markets, analyses of how TV audiences are targeted for political advertising, and statistical studies on individual ads' effectiveness.
	www.sc.edu /usctimes/articles/2002/2002-11/campaign_ads_1002.html (691 words)

	Political TV Ads for Hispanics Still Lag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		With record spending expected on Spanish-language political TV advertising this year, a debate continues over the effectiveness of the ads aimed at Latinos.
		Political TV ads are primarily aimed at one group: undecided voters in swing states.
		The reality is that campaigns rarely involve Hispanic strategists in the general-market advertising created by the campaigns, which means there is only limited incentive for Hispanic agencies to perform well on even those limited accounts.
	www.marketingymedios.com /marketingymedios/magazine/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000650523 (505 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		While hard numbers won't be available until later this year, media buyers, cable companies and political experts say some campaigns are spending as much as 20 percent of their TV ad budgets on cable.
		In 2002, the last election year, broadcast stations received nearly 95 percent of the $1 billion spent on political TV advertising.
		Nationally, spending on political TV advertising this year could double the amount spent during the last presidential election in 2000.
	www.knoxstudio.com /shns/story.cfm?pk=CAMPAIGN-CABLE-10-18-04&cat=PP (551 words)

	History of Television
		For every TV set tuned into the fight, there are, on average, 30 people watching, many seeing an event on TV for the first time.
		Between radio and TV, the show had a run of nearly 20 years, although widely criticized as an exploitation of human misery, wrapped in commercial plugs.
		The test is not received warmly by the networks, which accept the commercials at the insistence of the advertiser but seek restrictions on use.
	www.high-techproductions.com /historyoftelevision.htm (4821 words)

	Indiana Humanities Council
		DEEP POLITICS IN THE U.S. This video features the insights derived from thirty years of research by Peter Dale Scott, University of California Professor and author of The Iran Contra Connection: Secret Teams and Covert Operations in the Reagan Era, and Deep Politics and the Death of JFK.
		Here, illustrated with archival footage and photos, Scott explains his concepts of "deep politics" and "parapolitics" and their roles in the shadowy, subterranean world of American political life, especially in such major scandals as the Bay of Pigs, Watergate, the Iran-Contra Affair, and the JFK assassination.
		The video alludes to some of the most memorable political TV spots and the lasting and controversial impact of television on government.
	www.indianahumanities.org /htgPS.htm (1385 words)

	RevBates.tv GLOBAL Political Advertising or MESMERISM
		Do our political parties and candidates think the American people are so obtuse that they know so little about them that we must be bombarded with this amount of political advertising?
		In effect, this half-billion dollars in political advertising is not to tell us anything about the candidates, it is to convince us to vote for them.
		These politicians and political parties are spending so much money to "feed" our mind with what they want us to believe.
	www.revbates.com /03282004.htm (738 words)

	Internet Ripe for Political Advertising
		Still, the survey held out hope for the potential effectiveness of Web political ads: 60 percent said they were likely to notice a candidate's online ad and 39 percent said they would click on one.
		In the first five months of this year alone, with elections far away, political ad spending on TV topped $50 million, according to TNS Media Intelligence/CMR.
		In 2004, the advertising industry is expected to thrive, thanks to both political spending and the Olympics.
	www.clickz.com /stats/sectors/advertising/article.php/5941_3073461 (684 words)

	Media Money--September/October 2000
		It would cost broadcasters millions of dollars in lost advertising revenue, and they were not about to allow a direct affront to their financial self-interest become law.
		In the first four months of this year, TV stations in the top seventy-five media markets took in $114 million for 151,000 commercials from the candidates alone.
		Thus, a voluntary or mandatory requirement for broadcasters to offer additional free time for political candidates is unnecessary." The Radio and Television News Directors Association (RTNDA) stated, "Proponents of mandatory air time for political candidates would prefer that the FCC ignore altogether the First Amendment rights of broadcasters.
	archives.cjr.org /year/00/3/mediamoney.asp (3998 words)

	Local TV reeling, spot looking for political bounce Advertising Age - Find Articles
		TV station executives in North Carolina and South Carolina, no matter their political leanings, should be celebrating the retirements of U.S. Sens.
		Jesse Helms, R-N.C., and Strom Thurmond, R-S.C. As the two Republican icons leave public service, the campaigns to fill their vacant Senate seats should generate plenty of attention and-as with scores of other Senate, House and gubernatorial races around the U.S.-plenty of local TV advertising in 2002.
		Spot and local TV political advertising historically is a significant source of revenue for TV stations in even-numbered years, regardless of whether the year features a...
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_go1545/is_200205/ai_n6950976 (147 words)

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