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Topic: Political Warfare Executive

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	Political Warfare Executive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During World War II, the Political Warfare Executive (PWE) was a British clandestine body created to produce and disseminate both white and fl propaganda, with the aim of damaging enemy morale and sustaining the morale of the Occupied countries.
		PWE included staff from the Ministry of Information, the propaganda elements of the Special Operations Executive, and from the BBC.
		At the end of WWII PWE were tasked with the re-education of German Prisoners of War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_Warfare_Executive (563 words)

	Propaganda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the early 20th century the term propaganda was also used by the founders of the nascent public relations industry to describe their activities; this usage died out around the time of World War II, as the industry started to avoid the word, given the pejorative connotation it had acquired.
		It was formerly common for political organizations, as it had started to be for the advertising and public relations industry, to refer to their own material as propaganda.
		Such permeating propaganda may be used for political goals: by giving citizens a false impression of the quality or policies of their country, they may be incited to reject certain proposals or certain remarks or ignore the experience of others.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Propaganda (7362 words)

	• Review - The Secret History of PWE
		Britain's Political Warfare Executive (PWE) was established to motivate resistance in occupied Europe.
		If the political line taken by agents in the field is contradicted by the official radio broadcast, the consequences for the agent could be fatal.
		PWE was in conflict with the BBC, the official news agency for resources and as the primary voice of Britain.
	wmsa.net /Books/secret_pwe.htm (475 words)

	Chapter 2: Toward a Doctrine of Special Warfare
		Unconventional warfare, then, was both a kind of war and a range of tactics; the Special Forces were to become the adepts in their application.
		And in practice, guerrilla warfare was considered outside the law, thus to be dealt with outside the law (a significant message for the American in either the guerrilla or the counterguerrilla role).
		The military retained, under NSC ]0/2, responsibility for guerrilla warfare activities in wartime; this jurisdictional prerogative was emphasized in a Joint Chiefs of Staff memorandum to the Secretary of Defense of 17 August (JCS 1807/1) and periodic studies of the subject.
	www.statecraft.org /chapter2.html (15673 words)

	Political Affairs Magazine - Healthcare not Warfare
		This policy statement by the Executive Council of the AFL-CIO, along with its resolution in opposition to the war drive in Iraq, has sounded a clarion call to everyone that the labor movement is back and ready for action.
		The AFL-CIO Executive Council is responding to a growing movement among individual unions and state and local affiliates.
		It has too little political support as its recipients are not powerful enough to protect their own interests.
	www.politicalaffairs.net /article/articleview/95/1/26 (1674 words)

	Psychological Warfare Division - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Psychological Warfare Division of SHAEF (PWD/SHAEF) was a joint Anglo-American organisation set-up in WWII tasked with conducting principally 'white' tactical psychological warfare against German troops in North-west Europe during and after D-Day.
		It was headed by US Brigadier-General Robert A. McClure who had previously commanded the Psychological Warfare Branch (PWB/AFHQ) of Eisenhower's staff for Operation Torch.
		PWD was formed from staff of the US Office of War Information (OWI) and Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the British Political Warfare Executive (PWE).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psychological_Warfare_Division (354 words)

	Politically Correct Democratic Patriotic Gear, TShirts, Bumper Stickers, and more
		For years, these perennial debates have largely focused on the same handful of chief executives whom national polls of historians, from across the ideological and political spectrum, routinely cite as the bottom of the presidential barrel.
		But Federalist political overreaching, combined with a reversal of America's military fortunes and the negotiation of a peace with Britain, made Madison something of a hero again and ushered in a brief so-called Era of Good Feelings in which his Jeffersonian Republican Party coalition ruled virtually unopposed.
		In a deliberate political decision, the administration stampeded the Congress and a traumatized citizenry into the Iraq invasion on the basis of what has now been demonstrated to be tendentious and perhaps fabricated evidence of an imminent Iraqi threat to American security, one that the White House suggested included nuclear weapons.
	www.politicallycorrecttradingcompany.com (4824 words)

	Love, Sex and War: Black Propaganda and Sexpionage. John Costello
		The Princess's deft behind-the-scenes manoeuvres amongst the rich and politically influential on both sides of the Atlantic convinced many observers that she was 'one of the most dangerous women in Europe'.
		The political delusion of the 1930s was that the rise of Fascism and Nazism appeared to force democratic societies into making a choice between the extreme right and the extreme left.
		With the encouragement of their Russian control officers, this secret fraternity of politically 'enlightened' young high-flyers kept in touch and furthered each others' careers as they set out to scale the academic and bureaucratic fabric of Britain's 'Establishment', awaiting the call from Moscow when they were in positions of trust and influence.
	www.heretical.com /costello/12sexspy.html (5165 words)

	HyperWar: US Army in WWII: The Supreme Command (ETO) [Chapter 4]
		Inasmuch as psychological warfare activities required close coordination between the G-6 Division and the British and U.S. civilian agencies for propaganda, the press representatives feared that their problems might be neglected.
		The task of Psychological Warfare in the first phase of its activities--the period before and after D Day until German morale began to crumble--consisted of long-term efforts to create in the German soldier's mind a belief in the reliability of Allied statements, in Allied unity, and in the certainty of German defeat.
		The political officers were called on in particular in regard to civil affairs, military government, psychological warfare, intelligence, and posthostilities planning.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/USA/USA-E-Supreme/USA-E-Supreme-4.html (13023 words)

	Thinking About Political Polarization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The actual political geography of the United States, in short, bears little resemblance to the simplistic picture of a nation divided between solidly partisan states or regions.
		Properly defined, polarization of U.S. politics reflects a sorting of political convictions by either the mass public or ruling elites, or both, into roughly two distinct camps: persons inclined to support the Democratic or the Republican parties' policies and candidates for elective office.
		This emphasis posits that, at bottom, it is the political class—elected officials, political professionals, the party faithful, issue advocates, talking heads, as distinct from the electorate at large—that is the troublemaker.
	www.brook.edu /comm/policybriefs/pb139.htm (3269 words)

	aspidistra.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The PWE therefore decided that this transmitter would be the ideal 'big gun' in a radio propaganda battle, and a scheme involving its purchase was put Before the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and the Minister of Economic Warfare, Anthony Eden.
		Land lines were laid from the transmitter to the BBC, the PWE and the Air Ministry in London, from where all control, including the necessary changes of frequency, could be carried out.
		The PWE's radio monitors, who kept watch on German stations, had always been able to predict, with great accuracy, the exact time at which the approaching Allied bombers would force the station to go off the air.
	members.aol.com /skywave48/aspidistra.htm (6581 words)

	POLITICAL WARFARE
		One of these is a totalitarian concept; with the political premise that a Government must be all-powerful -- and the liberties of its human subjects limited or extended according to the whim and convenience of those persons who occupy the offices of government.
		Because the Marxist goal is political in a very specific way, their primary method toward that goal is through political warfare.
		The Council of Ministers is the “highest executive and administrative organ of the State Power” (Article 64, Soviet Constitution).
	www.libertygunrights.com /Thorin_PoliticalWarfare4.html (3276 words)

	Jane's Information Group
		Political violence on rise as Kosovo’s Albanian factions vie for supremacy
		The Executive Overview looks at events over the past year and expected future developments, including progress in image intensification and thermal imaging.
		Today we are fascinated with asymmetric warfare, net-centric warfare and precision warfare and we are convinced that heavy forces and the tank (yet again) are passe.
	geopolitical.janes.com (1709 words)

	WebRoots Library U.S. Miscellaneous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Headed from 1943 on by international executive and lawyer Whitney H. Shepardson, SI by the end of the war had become a full-fledged foreign intelligence service, with stations in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, excellent liaison contacts with foreign services, and a growing body of operational doctrine.
		Opinions in OSS ranged across the political spectrum, from admirers of Chiang in his struggles against Japanese invaders and Communist insurgents, to unabashed advocates of Communist leader Mao Zedong and his promise of justice for the peasantry through social revolution.
		Executive Order 9621 on 20 September dissolved OSS as of 1 October 1945, sending R&A to the Department of State and everything else to the War Department.
	webroots.org /library/usamisc/oss-cia0.html (9427 words)

	WL archive:1383.htm
		The Political Intelligence Department was established as a secret Foreign Office Department at the outbreak of the Second World War, and provided cover for the Political Warfare Executive, which was formed in August 1941 to undermine enemy morale and resistance by various forms of propaganda.
		It was constituted by an amalgamation of parts of the European sections of the BBC and of the Foreign Publicity Department of the Ministry of Information with Special Operations 1, part of the Special Operations Executive, which was subordinate to the Ministry of Economic Warfare.
		Special Operations 1 had itself been preceded by Department EH, which had included a Department of Publicity in Enemy Countries responsible for propaganda by means of leaflets dropped from the air.
	www.wienerlibrary.co.uk /archive/archive1383.htm (158 words)

	British Wartime Propaganda Lies
		During the Second World War, Britain's main "dirty tricks" propaganda agency was the Political Warfare Executive (PWE), a unit of the British Foreign Office.
		This psychological warfare agency invented and distributed "fl" propaganda disinformation to boost morale among anti-German British and Americans, and to promote anti-German sentiment in neutral countries.
		One of the most malicious PWE "fl" reports was this April 1943 story: "On entering Tunis Allied troops found dead children cut up as butchers' meat in the German army store.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v18/v18n5p15_propaganda.html (455 words)

	Foreign & Commonwealth Office Part 1: The Special Operations Executive and its Records
		Departmental responsibility for its work lay not with the Foreign Office, but the Ministry of Economic Warfare, in order to maintain SOE's independence from any of the orthodox services.
		Its headquarters were at 64 Baker Street, separate from the Ministry in Berkeley Square, and its first Chief Executive Office was H M Gladwyn Jebb (later Lord Gladwyn), a member of the Diplomatic Service.
		SOE's task, memorably expressed by Prime Minister W S Churchill to the Minister of Economic Warfare, Hugh Dalton, was to 'set Europe ablaze': to coordinate action against the enemy by means of subversion and sabotage, including propaganda on behalf of the Allied war effort.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1050510206588 (580 words)

	Political News Daily
		Political attention deficit disorder (Tony Blankley) (4/27) - Almost 100 percent of the mental energy in Congress, and at least 50 percent of the White House mental energy is currently being expended trying either to destroy or protect John Bolton and Tom DeLay.
		(Thomas Sowell) (4/26) - The future of the legal and political system of this country may be on the line when two judicial nominees that the Democrats refused to let the Senate vote on in the last Congress are being again submitted for a vote.
		President calls for flexibility in new passport regulations (Washington Times) (4/15) - President Bush said yesterday that he was surprised by the announcement this month by the Department of Homeland Security that it would require passports for tourists crossing the border from Canada and Mexico, and pledged to work around it.
	www.politicalnewsdaily.com /archive05-2.html (7535 words)

	Channel 4 - History - Rumours of war
		Not until the setting up, in early 1941, of the Political Warfare Executive (PWE), run by a roster of professional journalists and political intellectuals, did a new seriousness enter the proceedings.
		A rumour mill – the Underground Rumour Committee – was set up within the PWE to continue manufacturing the so-called 'sibs' (from the Latin sibilare, to hiss or whistle).
		The 'sibs' were spread by radio, by plants in neutral newspapers and by the agents of the Special Operations Executive (the PWE's sister body) literally spreading gossip in cinemas, bars and tram queues.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/H/history/n-s/sexbomb.html (1892 words)

	British Aimed For End Of Germany, Not Nazism
		John Wheeler-Bennett, who was deputy to Bruce Lockhart, head of the Political Warfare Executive (PWE) of the Foreign Office, and a close friend of Eden's, was adamantly opposed to aiding anti-Hitler Germans.
		Greene had received a tape carrying a long list of names of those believed to be implicated, from which Latey extracted the most important.'' Bird continues: ``The tape had been sent by the Political Warfare Executive, Foreign Office, based at Woburn Abbey, who were responsible for the policy of broadcasts in German.
		Needless to say, none of the plans came to anything, for the simple reason that Churchill and his advisers had determined that keeping Hitler alive, better served their own designs for the war and the postwar period.
	members.tripod.com /~american_almanac/britsww2.htm (1643 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Maine / Maine political consultant 'terrifies' opposing camps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		As a student at Kennebunk High School, one of Chris Lehane's favorite sayings was "In your face!" These days, as a political consultant, his ferocity strikes fear into opponents' campaigns.
		A spokesman and strategist for Democratic presidential candidate Wesley Clark, Lehane has developed a national reputation as a practitioner of political warfare, whether in New Hampshire, where Clark has been campaigning fiercely leading up to Tuesday's primary, or elsewhere.
		Lehane's sister, Erin Lehane of South Portland, says she and her brother got their interest in politics from their conservative mother and liberal father, Mary and Steve Lehane.
	www.boston.com /news/local/maine/articles/2004/01/26/maine_political_consultant_terrifies_opposing_camps (578 words)

	Political Strategy - Politics, Strategies, Tactics, News and Opinion
		Naturally Bush saw opposition to Bolton’s nomination as political partisanship and urged steering clear of politics in addressing the “people’s business.” This is the same Bush who supports the so-called “nuclear option” to eliminate any debate concerning any federal judicial nominee he sends up to Capitol Hill.
		When Richard Nixon was on the ropes, his administration imploding over the ravages of Watergate, he finally after a long hiatus held a presidential news conference on a sunny summer day in 1973 at the Summer White House in San Clemente, California.
		We now see in George Bush a chief executive drowning in hubris, arrogantly telling us that the law is whatever the king deems it to be, whether the issue is weapons of mass destruction or judicial appointments.
	www.politicalstrategy.org /archives/001398.php (979 words)

	Major General Robert McClure
		On the basis of McClure's recommendations, the Army first established a psychological warfare division in the G3, with McClure as its first chief, and then made it a special staff office reporting directly to the Army Chief of Staff.
		OCPW's mission was to "formulate and develop psychological warfare and special operations plans for the Army in consonance with established policy and to recommend policies for and supervise the execution of Department of the Army programs in these fields.
		Commanded by a captain, the team, with a first lieutenant executive officer and 13 NCOs, was capable of infiltrating behind enemy lines to organize, train and direct friendly resistance forces in guerilla warfare.
	www.psywarrior.com /mcclure.html (2961 words)

	POLITICAL WARFARE EXECUTIVE
		The appointment of the Ministerial Committee and the establishment of P.W.E., did much to bring an end to the infighting amongst the ministers and senior officials but there were no winners.
		Indeed Lockhart, on his first visit as chairman of the Executive Committee, met with threats of revolt and resignations and not surprisingly regarded himself as no more than a link, between the Ministers and his lieutenants.
		He even considered resigning, to thereby let Stafford Cripps take over P.W.E. and ensure a single ministerial control but in the event, P.W.E. was soon to be given a new charter by the Prime Minister, reducing the number of ministers from three to two.
	clutch.open.ac.uk /schools/emerson00/pwe_2.html (664 words)

	beginning of special operations executive baker street.d
		For four years Special Operations Executive toiled to sabotage disrupt and degrade the German occupation of France, Holland, and the Balkans without much help from there own.
		Ultimately they were to lead the way on D-Day with their ungentlemanly warfare, disrupting and destroying enemy movements and disseminating false information prior to the landings.
		SO1 the old psychological warfare unit was merged with the Political Warfare Executive that was to result in the poster on the right and other propaganda.
	www.btinternet.com /~m.a.christie/speciald.htm (318 words)

	Chapter 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In order to defuse political controversy, FDR had to develop a method for making operational decisions that appeared to be apolitical.
		This was accomplished by reserving all decision-making powers related to the conduct of the war to himself and his top military officers, the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
		Two new agencies were also created as part of Britain’s counterintelligence efforts: the Political Warfare Executive (PWE) in charge of propaganda, and the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in charge of carrying out sabotage and assisting guerilla warfare.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/st/~vincent/page4.html (559 words)

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