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Topic: Political absolutism

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Absolute monarch

Absolutism

Absolute truth

Enlightened absolutism

Absolute monarchy

Divine Right of Kings

Moral absolutism

New Monarchs

List of French monarchs

Louis XIV of France

Charles I of England

	Absolutism
		The Reformation produced a trail of strife and difficulty as the implications of Reformation thought began to be imagined in areas outside of religion.
		Political philosophers attempted to extricate themselves from these matters through two different, contradictory approaches: "natural law" or "the Divine Right of Kings." According to natural law political thinkers, there were immutable natural laws which should govern states and their relations to their citizens and to other states.
		Enlightened absolutism was essentially an attempt to justify absolute power in its capacity to create a better life for its subjects, which included establishing rights, which are, as you know, principles of self-rule.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/GLOSSARY/ABSOLUTE.HTM (654 words)

	Clan Mobilization and the Somali State... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Furthermore, the political entrepreneurs who articulated these themes of protest were also the same elite groups who were yearning to transform the existing clan pluralist regime into an “integral state”, with the end goal of eliminating the practice of traditional power management (clan clientalism) and evicting its politicians from the national body politic.
		The political reconstruction enacted by the military government and the social character of its chosen political collaborators reflects the ambitious political agenda embodied by the populist agenda of an integral state.
		Political strains generated by severe domestic economic crisis or international conflict, with a similar magnitude to those in the Second Republic, were utterly missing in this period: such as prolonged costly wars or socially dislocating economic hardships that radically eroded elite status (downward mobility) and profoundly altered the societal power distribution.
	www.somaliawatch.org /archivejuly/000817202.htm (4096 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.1, Entry 5, ABSOLUTISM: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Absolutism is found outside of monarchies, as in an aristocracy, a democratic legislature with a single house, or an assembly of the people in a very small state, where the majority unite in themselves all power.
		A distinction is made between absolutism and despotism in this, that an absolute monarch may be naturally well disposed and inclined to remain within the bounds of law, or what is relatively legal, while the despot respects no law, and acts according to his caprice without regard to the interests of the people.
		Absolute power in democratic governments is not altogether rational except when the government is elected unanimously.
	www.econlib.org /library/ypdbooks/lalor/llCy5.html (1184 words)

	Absolutism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Absolutism was represented here as a consequence of the Enlightenment's replacement of Christianity as the commonly agreed source of rights by the concept of enlightened natural law.
		Absolutism was also believed to be a consequence of the rise of the modern centraliz ed state since the 16th century and the destruction of the Medieval civil order based on clear hierarchies and estates.
		Especially after Hegel's representation of the state as an appearance of the "absolute," the historical era of absolute monarchy was regarded as an early form of the modern state.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ac/absoluti.htm (1014 words)

	Absolutism - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Absolutism political system in which total power is vested in a single individual or a group of rulers.
		On the death of Cardinal Mazarin in 1661 Louis XIV announced that henceforth he would be his own first minister.
		- political system: a political system in which the power of a ruler is unchecked and absolute
	au.encarta.msn.com /Absolutism.html (116 words)

	LEO XIII: SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE (1953c) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Absolutism enthroned the unchristian principle of the primacy of the political, the supremacy of the raison d'Etat.
		The continuity lay in the shared notion of the society-state, a political notion that conferred upon the state a competence, if not in "religion," at least in "ecclesiastical affairs" (as the received distinction had it —a distinction by no means clear in itself or in its applications).
		Its constitutive principles are the primacy of the political, a monism of sovereignty and of law, a conscious rejection of Christian truth and the authority of the Church, and the intention of establishing naturalism as the religion of the society-state.
	www.georgetown.edu /users/jlh3/Murray/1953c.htm (20025 words)

	absolutism - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Absolutism, political system in which there is no legal, customary, or moral limit on the government’s power.
		Autocracy, political system under which one ruler wields unlimited power, restricted by no constitutional provisions or effective political...
		Fascism, modern political ideology that seeks to regenerate the social, economic, and cultural life of a country by basing it on a heightened sense...
	encarta.msn.com /absolutism.html (134 words)

	History 240
		An absolute ruler is one who is above all challenge from within the state; opposite of parliamentary government or constitutional monarchy.
		Absolutism - political authority was vested in the King without any formal institutional restraints, but with the restraints of legality and tradition.
		The ability of the King to exercise absolute power was dependent on the personality of the king and the political, cultural, and geographic characteristics of the state.
	web.uvic.ca /~jfedorak/absol.htm (823 words)

	Frederick Watkins: Introduction to Rousseau: Political Writings
		Political life, in his view, was an unremitting struggle to subdue selfish impulses in the interest of the common good.
		As a political scientist, though not as a political philosopher, Rousseau's principal claim to fame rests, indeed, on his skill in discovering most of the basic principles and practices of what later came to be known as integral nationalism.
		Some discussion of Rousseau's political ideas, and of their place in the main currents of Western theory, is to be found in all the general histories of political thought.
	www.constitution.org /jjr/watkins.htm (9459 words)

	NATURE OF DEMOCRACY
		This political triangle is empirical and has been delineated by the factor analyses cited in endnote 4 and endnote 5.
		In effect, these dimensions empirically verify further the political triangle, since the first two dimensions that together reflect 70 percent of the variation among all the political indices and characteristics comprise the two sides of the political triangle.
		Because the political triangle exists in a two-dimensional political space, where the two dimensions are democracy versus totalitarianism, and democracy versus authoritarianism, a line drawn from totalitarianism to authoritarianism in the two-dimensional space completes the triangle.
	www.hawaii.edu /powerkills/PK.CHAP8.HTM (3956 words)

	THE CHURCH AND TOTALITARIAN DEMOCRACY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Political parties, estates, all corporate bodies within society are disallowed; they are representative of “partial interests” (in the sense of Rousseau) and therefore destructive of the unity of society.
		In other words, the political obligation, which implies at once the right to command on the part of the ruler, and a freedom of rational obedience on the part of the ruled, is an obligation rooted, as regards both its aspects, in the natural law.
		Thus the rapid and unilinear derivation of the political Revolution from the philosophical revolution, and of the latter from the religious revolution, is not Ideengeschichte in the proper sense.
	www.georgetown.edu /users/jlh3/Murray/1952a.htm (12860 words)

	Stephen J. Finn - Thomas Hobbes and the Politics of Natural Philosophy - Reviewed by Susanne Sreedhar, Tulane ...
		Finn claims that this broadly defined natural philosophy is influenced by Hobbes's political agenda, "the practical political goals he was trying to accomplish," and Hobbes's political philosophy, "the theoretical goals of his political science" (p.
		The fact that Hobbes formed his views on politics before his views on, say, metaphysics does not mean that the latter is a result of the former.
		There is the weaker claim that Hobbes's political thought influenced his natural philosophy in the sense that his political commitments made Hobbes more likely to take up certain topics or that particular positions in natural philosophy might have been attractive to Hobbes given his ultimate agenda in political philosophy.
	ndpr.nd.edu /review.cfm?id=7907 (2389 words)

	English 233: Political parable in Moliere's TARTUFFE
		Even the religious policy of the nation he must determine on the basis of sober and humane reason (which is a faculty of the natural constitution of man) rather than on the basis of intensity of faith (which is to be suspected as an expression of irrational passion).
		So, while it is impertinent for subjects to be lecturing the King on his moral and political responsibilities, and while it would be outrageously impertinent for someone in such a lowly social position as an actor (Molière) to engage in such behavior, the play inexorably does serve as such a caution.
		The propaganda of Louis XIV as “the Sun King” — everywhere expressed in the architecture and decor of the palace he constructed at Versailles — is very much reflected in the King's view of his obligations as a monarch for the cultivation of the arts and sciences.
	www-personal.ksu.edu /~lyman/english233/Tartuffe-politics.htm (2384 words)

	Absolute Monarchy and Enlightened Absolutism
		The seventeenth century had seen an elaborate theorizing on the nature of monarchy and the justification for absolute monarchy, that is, the idea that the monarch is ultimately the sole ruler of the country and is accountable only to God.
		In order to guarantee the absolutism of monarchical power, Bossuet argued that the government of a monarchy should be a tightly-knit centralized government.
		The most immediate effects of the social and political thought of the philosophes was not felt in any grand overturning of established monarchies, but rather the adoption of enlightened absolutism by a small handful of highly educated and commited monarchs: Joseph II and Maria Theresa of Austria, and Catherine the Great of Russia.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/ENLIGHT/ABSOLUTE.HTM (1821 words)

	"Absolutism in the Seventeenth Century", essay by Tyler Jones
		Absolutism, the political situation in which a monarch controls all aspects of government with no checks or balances, had been introduced in England by James I and Charles I, but never quite took hold.
		Why absolutism failed in England but flourished in France is due mainly to the political situation in each country when the idea was first introduced.
		It is because of the differing political systems in place within France and England that led to the acceptance of absolutism in France and its corresponding failure in England.
	www.june29.com /Tyler/nonfiction/absolute.html (833 words)

	[No title]
		Accomplishments of absolutism are the establishment of a state adminis- tration, the pursuit of an economic policy (MERCANTILISM), improvements in the area of defense (STANDING ARMY), the promotion of arts and sciences (NATIONAL ACADEMIES).
		His lifestyle was so luxurious, incompatible with that of any of his citizens, his decisions based on the interests of the royal treasury rather than that of the state.
		Absolute monarchs were criticized by contemporary critics for ruling arbitrarily.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/period/absolut/def.html (456 words)

	Absolutism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Absolute truth (also known as 'absolutism'), the contention that in a particular domain of thought, all statements in that domain are either absolutely true or absolutely false
		Enlightened absolutism, a term used to describe the actions of absolute rulers who were influenced by the Enlightenment (eighteenth and early nineteenth century Europe)
		Absolute monarchy, a form of government where the monarch has the power to rule their land freely, with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition in force
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Absolutism (228 words)

	Discourse.net: Comment on Time to Think the Unthinkable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Absolutism is a political theory which argues that one person (generally, a monarch) should hold all power.
		To those who believed the absolute ruler was chosen by God, rebellion against the monarch was tantamount to rebellion against God.
		Absolutism, as a term, did not appear until the 19th century, when the traditional "age of absolutism" had passed.
	www.discourse.net /mt/mt-cmnt.cgi?entry_id=2872 (473 words)

	ABSOLUTISM OR PARLIAMENTARISM? PART II: THE PRUSSIAN AND ENGLISH OUTCOMES (1570-1746)
		As we have seen, in the late-17th and early-18th centuries, the two prevailing political movements in Europe were absolutism and parliamentarism.
		(For instance, absolutism in France was under a single monarch, but in other countries "state absolutism" relied more heavily on the local power of aristocrats.) Nevertheless, it is instructive to compare and contrast absolutism with parliamentarism.
		The Hapsburg Empire was always a somewhat tenuous amalgam of political states, and while this would eventually prove to be its undoing in the age of nation states, in early modern times it tended to augment the power of the emperor, who was virtually the sole representative of state authority.
	www.unlv.edu /Faculty/gbrown/westernciv/wc201/wciv2c8/wciv2c8lsec5.html (1094 words)

	Steve Kangas' Short FAQ on Liberalism
		This has led to one definition of liberalism: that liberals oppose political absolutism in all its forms, be they monarchist, feudal, military, clerical or communitarian.
		Political scientists do not view the "socialism" nominally practiced by the Soviet Union as true socialism -- this was, essentially, a dictatorship over workers by a ruling elite.
		Democracy solves a problem described by an old adage: "Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely." When power or wealth concentrates too heavily in too few hands in society, democracy is useful for dispersing much of that power back to the people.
	www.huppi.com /kangaroo/ShortFAQ.htm (5709 words)

	The Art of Political Listening \| csmonitor.com
		An article by the Republican and Democratic leaders of the 9/11 commission showed how they steered away from the urgings of their respective party members to look at facts free of an ideological lens.
		The American political field, from the White House to the grass roots, is mainly composed of candidates and voters of goodwill, hoping to do right.
		We encourage all citizens to have a doughnut with a neighbor of the opposite political stripe and try, just try, to identify common goals on public issues, without rancor.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/1026/p11s01-comv.htm (455 words)

	An Attack on American Tolerance
		Maybe you were a Catholic and also a trade unionist, a sport fisherman, a member of a veterans group, and an engaged PTA parent in a multi-ethnic neighborhood.
		In the United States, meanwhile, reason is on the defensive as we head backward toward creationism and religious absolutism.
		This is one of those moments when people all over the world, threatened by cultural and economic assaults far beyond their local control, are turning to fundamentalisms.
	www.commondreams.org /cgi-bin/print.cgi?file=/views04/1117-20.htm (750 words)

	John Locke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Men being…by Nature all free, equal, and independent, no one can be put out of his estate and subjected to the political power of another without his own consent, which is done by agreeing with other men, to join and unite into a Community, for their comfortable, safe and peaceable living one amongst another….
		When any number of men have by the consent of every individual, made a Community, they have thereby made that Community one body, with a power to act as one body, which is only by the will and determination of the majority….
		The great end of men’s entering into Society being the enjoyment of their properties in peace and safety, and the great instrument and means of that being the laws established in that Society: the first and fundamental positive law of all Commonwealths is the establishing of the legislative power.
	shs.westport.k12.ct.us /jwb/Collab/locke.htm (274 words)

	Autocracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An autocracy is a form of government in which the political power is held by a single person.
		The term autocrat is derived from the Greek word autokratôr (lit.
		Historically, many monarchs ruled autocratically (see absolute monarchy) but eventually their power was diminished and dissolved with the introduction of constitutions giving the people the power to make decisions for themselves through elected bodies of government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_absolutism (314 words)

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