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Topic: Political argument

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	Political Argument
		Political Argument provided the first precise analysis, still frequently cited, of the conception that political values have trade-off relations; the analysis of the notion of the public interest has also enjoyed wide influence.
		Brian Barry [1936–] is the Lieber Professor of Political Philosophy at Columbia University in New York.
		He was the winner of the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science in 2001 and he is Emeritus Professor of Political Science at the London School of Economics, as well as a Fellow of the British Academy and the American Society of Arts and Sciences.
	www.ou.edu /cas/psc/bookbarry.htm (490 words)

	Political argument - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Political argument should be distinguished from propaganda, in that propaganda has little or no identifiable logical structure or the logic, if it exists, is egregiously fallacious.
		One usually thinks of political argument as exclusive to democracies, but in fact some kinds of political argument may occur in undemocratic regimes as well, for example, to encourage greater sacrifice from the population, although it is more likely in such cases that propaganda will take the place of argument.
		A political argument may be ineffective but may still have a purpose, for instance as a justification for an unpopular political action, or as part of a historical narrative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_argument (943 words)

	The Political Economy of Transition By Gérard Roland
		The theory of the political economy of transition is part of a recent trend in economic research that attempts to integrate the political process into the analysis of economic problems.
		Political economy arguments, in addition to shedding light on the pace and sequencing of reforms, have also been extensively used to explain or justify many aspects of the transition process.
		Another political economy argument suggests that Central European countries expected to access the EU, which enhanced their incentives to change the systems of law enforcement, law compliance, and protection of property rights, while in former Soviet Union countries, where prospects of accession to the EU were virtually nil, no such incentives existed.
	www.worldbank.org /html/prddr/trans/mayjune2002/pgs37-38.htm (884 words)

	Argument - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		argument (literature), the brief summary at the beginning of a section of a poem
		Argumentation theory, the science and theory of civil debates
		Argumentative, a type of evidentiary objection to a question for a witness during a trial
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Argument (417 words)

	Guidelines for Writing a Political Theory Essay
		The political theory essay attempts to persuade the reader by advancing a compelling argument that is well supported by detailed and insightful interpretive work.
		Political theorists contribute to the study of politics by shedding new light on the conceptual dimensions of key political problems.
		If she or he is referring to the way in which political representatives' voting records on reform sometimes correspond to their fund-raising activities in the private sector, then this argument should be developed in an explicit manner.
	falcon.arts.cornell.edu /ams3/guide.html (3698 words)

	Political philosophy : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		Some political philosophers have tried primarily to justify the prevailing arrangements of their society; others have painted pictures of an ideal state or an ideal social world that is very different from anything we have so far experienced (see Utopianism).
		Political philosophy has been practised for as long as human beings have regarded their collective arrangements not as immutable and part of the natural order but as potentially open to change, and therefore as standing in need of philosophical justification.
		The vitality of political philosophy is not to be explained by the emergence of a new ideological revival to liberalism, but by the fact that a new set of political issues has arisen whose resolution will stretch the intellectual resources of liberalism to the limit.
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/S099 (1770 words)

	The Volokh Conspiracy - More on Political Art: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Political arguments that do not appeal to these instincts are, to be honest, dull and obvious.
		In every argument, the audience judges the ethos of a speaker, may or may not be moved my emotions in the speaker's argument, and may or may not accept the claims andevidence of the speaker.
		In my example I highlighted that the same argument about emotional pain and suffering could have been made during WWII and there were an incredible number of victims in that war including hundreds of thousands of American soliders, their families, and an even larger number of allied soldiers and victims of the allied regime.
	volokh.com /posts/1166224506.shtml (8139 words)

	:: The two State Solution – Argument and Political Consequences ::
		Finally, and most importantly from the perspective of this argument, binationalism means that Palestinians would have to give up their struggle for independence, for the further evacuation of Israeli military rule, and for the dismantlement of colonial settlements.
		Whatever the lacunae in the binationalism argument, the Palestinian state that is emerging, with its fragmented boundaries and limited ability to satisfy the aspirations of the Palestinian communities of the diaspora (to say nothing of its own citizenry), is bound to generate conditions in which the binationalism debate will continue.
		This is particularly significant in the arenas of cultural affinities and political identity.
	www.passia.org /meetings/2004/April-01-Two-State-Solution.htm (1883 words)

	Political Liberalism and Universal claims: Introduction
		Yet, the idea of universality was conceived during the Enlightenment period when political philosophers presumably were thought of as well-traveled when they had been to more than three capital cities on the continent of Europe.
		The "unencumbered self", created for the sake of political argument, has since made an astonishing career pervading all areas of life based on it’s universalist thrust, and is not shy to refute particular cultural or local identities.
		It was Thomas Hobbes, Gauthier's intellectual god-father, who introduced logic reasoning about the political order back in the 17th century, combining it with a bible exegesis that also legitimized the political order with concepts taken from the realm of the "good life".
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/1180/liberalism1.htm (1189 words)

	The Volokh Conspiracy - Against Political Art: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Political art, as practiced in the early 21st century, usually commits a cardinal sin: it is boring.
		I think this vitiate's the author's argument that critics who want "to challenge the political stances represented by the artifact have to overcome the suggestive power of beauty." The political stances of the artifact are present and challengeable outside of that artifact, where the discussion will occur.
		To Teson's larger argument, that politics in art is a form of "Discourse failure" because it simplifies the issues and only appeals to one part of our brains--this is partially true: Like all models, the models of politics in art are a reduction, and they only appeal to one aspect of our minds.
	volokh.com /posts/1166215181.shtml (7701 words)

	The Valve - A Literary Organ \| The Love of Argument: A Response to Michael Bérubé
		Well, arguments are tactically useful in convincing people, sometimes, and they are strategically useful in cases in which you suspect that widespread agreement is going to take a long time, if it comes at all (that’s what a lot of liberal political theory is about).
		Argument is not regrettable compared to the marvelous efficiencies of coercion; it is regrettable compared to concord.
		One of their key arguments, in addition to the predictable array of conservative ones, was that the situation of “wage slaves” was worse than that of chattel slaves, whose owner would look out for them.
	www.thevalve.org /go/valve/article/the_love_of_argument_a_response_to_michael_berube (13331 words)

	PSC 202 Syllabus
		Political analysts of all types, including your political science professors, routinely create arguments and analyze the arguments of others.
		In politics, both as practiced and as studied, disputants often produce sound arguments with conclusions incompatible with one another.
		Political argument may be too rich with views too widely diverse ever to reach closure on practical matters.
	web.syr.edu /~gavan/psc202f03.html (1148 words)

	Dole: Dems appear 'content' to lose Iraq - The political argument over the Iraq war flared Sunday when ...
		Dole: Dems appear 'content' to lose Iraq - The political argument over the Iraq war flared Sunday when...
		WASHINGTON, Nov. 5 (UPI) -- The political argument over the Iraq war flared Sunday when U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Dole, R-N.C., said Democrats appear to be "content with losing" in Iraq.
		Dole -- who chairs the National Republican Senatorial Committee -- was asked on NBC's "Meet the Press" about a new Vanity Fair article in which several leading figures in the planning of the 2003 invasion criticized the war.
	www.politicalgateway.com /news/read/45917 (194 words)

	Wanna argument? - Party Political Funding: Paying the Politicians at Poll Time
		The new system of transparency will make it easier for political funding to be analysed and discussed openly.
		Enron's support of US politicians was well known, but what emerged later was that the company had also bankrolled UK political parties, (£25 000 to the Conservatives, £38 000 to Labour), between 1998 and 2000.
		Of course, it was stressed that this was an economic and environmental decision, unrelated to the firm's political lobbying.
	www.bized.co.uk /current/argument/arg17-6.htm (354 words)

	[No title]
		I offer an argument for such an obligation in light of the fact that commitments to human rights make sense as legal claims only if they reflect commitments we have to fellow members of a cosmopolitan political community.
		First, I provide a constructivist argument for political cosmopolitanism generally, using certain facts of globalization that are on a par with the fact of pluralism in the national political community.
		Second, the international political community is the location for accountability, to the extent that its members are recognized as citizens whose political rights are such that they can demand an account of the authority whose purpose and scope they ultimately must authorize.
	class.csueastbay.edu /philosophy/ctr/Bohman_abstract.doc (504 words)

	Sample Chapter for Dworkin, R.: Is Democracy Possible Here? Principles for a New Political Debate.
		I mean “argument” in the old-fashioned sense in which people who share some common ground in very basic political principles debate about which concrete policies better reflect these shared principles.
		There was none of that kind of argument in the formal election rhetoric of the last presidential election—in the nominating convention oratory or the unending television commercials.
		I mention this now because it is often said, particularly by political philosophers, that equality and liberty are competing values that cannot always be satisfied simultaneously, so that a political community must choose which to sacrifice to the other and when.
	press.princeton.edu /chapters/s8232.html (7548 words)

	Prof. Kenneth Grasso: Religious Liberty in Contemporary America
		This argument begins with "the moral obligation" of "all men" is "to seek the truth especially religious truth." Indeed, they have an obligation "to adhere to the truth, once it is known, and to order their whole lives in accord with the demands of truth" (2, 168).
		To defeat the line of argument embodied in this proclamation it is necessary to address a subject which the argument from the duty to seek truth ignores: the nature of the state and its proper role in the overall economy of social life.
		As John Coleman notes, Murray's "argument is dependent on a strong corollary case for" what he terms "mediating structures."[117] It is dependent, this is to say, upon the acknowledgment of society's pluralist structure and the recognition of the importance of institutions other than the state in the overall scheme of human social life.
	www.frinstitute.org /grasso.html (14058 words)

	Ciceronian Review: Response to Kerr
		Although there is no serious doubt that the country and its political leadership did not have any developed wholly secular political theory, it is also the case that there is a good argument that the views are fundamentally deist, and so do not invoke biblical foundations.
		(Pretty plainly political argument in fact is directly based on religious sources, which has led to the question of propriety.) I think the aim is to provide a foundation for argument that the actions of the state are, in some non-prudential sense, binding.
		To the extent feasible, political argument should tie to those kinds of grounds, i.e., to grounds which are open to agreement by contending factions without the necessity of abandoning their respective fundamental moral beliefs.
	ciceronianreview.typepad.com /ciceronian_review/2004/11/response_to_ker.html (675 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Yunis, Demosthenes, Speeches 18 and 19
		In such contests, political matters were debated alongside, and sometimes in preference to, matters of law.
		As was the case with the Persians a century and a half earlier, the danger that threatened was equaled by the glory, and the reward, of dispatching it.
		In both speeches, Demosthenes' argument derives its punch from the quasi-historical narrative of events in which it is embedded.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exyundem.html (2686 words)

	Lesson 5F
		The argument in support of free trade is often different depending on whether the speaker is in a political setting or an academic setting.
		In a political setting, political realities will often force the speaker to emphasize all of the positive aspects of free trade and to hardly even mention any negative aspects.
		Since most people will have learned the argument for free trade by listening to political and public policy debates in the news media, they are likely to believe that economics teaches that free trade is good for all people, in all countries, at all times.
	internationalecon.com /v1.0/ch5/5c056.html (415 words)

	Justice - MR 22 - Handout 12 - Justice, Political or Metaphysical?
		Rawls starts Political Liberalism by explaining how his new treatment of liberalism is motivated by what he calls ‘the fact of reasonable pluralism’, which he describes as “the normal result of the exercise of human reason within the framework of the free institutions of a constitutional democratic regime” (Political Liberalism, p.
		Rawls’s contention is that, given that his doctrine of justice as fairness is now to be taken to be political in all of the senses identified above, it should be capable of being the subject of what he calls an ‘overlapping consensus’.
		What Rawls takes to be implicit in the public political culture of a constitutional democracy is a commitment to a view of society as a fair system of social cooperation between free and equal individuals.
	www.people.fas.harvard.edu /~mponeill/justice/politicalliberalism.html (2654 words)

	Sample Chapter for Williams, B.; Hawthorn, G.,: In the Beginning Was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political ...
		The model is that political theory formulates principles, concepts, ideals, and values; and politics (so far as it does what the theory wants) seeks to express these in political action, through persuasion, the use of power, and so forth.
		The supposedly political conception, then, is still a moral conception, one that is applied to a certain subject matter under certain constraints of content.
		PM naturally construes conflictual political thought in society in terms of rival elaborations of a moral text: this is explicit in the work of Ronald Dworkin.
	press.princeton.edu /chapters/s8021.html (5896 words)

	Race, The Supreme Court, and American Political Development: Evidence and Interpretation from the Southern White ...
		Board of Education stimulated a backlash that reoriented politics in the South, stimulating Southerners to vociferously oppose the Court’s argument, with the short-term winners being militant segregationist politicians.
		Brown stimulates a shift in the kind of argument that is made, with writers frequently concerned with whether segregation was constitutional, and whether states or federal courts have the right to make decisions involving a region’s race relations.
		This process of stimulation, by the Supreme Court, of the presentation of social/political doctrinal argument by actors normally not involved in constitutional argumentation is similar to the “nodes of conflict” concept presented by Julie Novkov in Constituting Workers, Protecting Women: Gender, Law, and Labor in the Progressive Era and New Deal Years (2001).
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~novkov/raceapd/allenpaper.htm (5113 words)

	Major Requirements
		The Political Science Department at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University is a national leader in training for the undergraduate and graduate fields of political science.
		Experience credit or internship credit in political science may be earned by the major, but these credits will not satisfy the 30-hour requirement.
		Students who declare their major field in political science must make an appointment as soon as possible to be assigned an advisor in the department.
	www.maxwell.syr.edu /psc/Undergraduate/majorbefore95.asp (927 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: In the Beginning Was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument: Books: Bernard ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This new collection of essays, most of them previously unpublished, addresses many of the core subjects of political philosophy: justice, liberty, and equality; the nature and meaning of liberalism; toleration; power and the fear of power; democracy; and the nature of political philosophy itself.
		A central theme throughout is that political philosophers need to engage more directly with the realities of political life, not simply with the theories of other philosophers.
		Williams makes this argument in part through a searching examination of where political thinking should originate, to whom it might be addressed, and what it should deliver.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Beginning-Was-Deed-Moralism-Political/dp/0691124302 (678 words)

	Too Much Like Prejudice: A Warning Against a Dangerous Political Argument \| Scriptorium Daily
		I think this argument breaks down for three reasons, First, it assumes that Mormonism is not already a “normal” part of American politics.
		Evangelicals need to “get over” their wish that Mormonism would vanish or is a small group that can safely be dismissed with the label “cult.” Instead, we should begin treating Mormonism as a large, respectable, and powerful competitor in the marketplace of ideas.
		Second, common cause in politics is not the same as common cause in theology.
	www.scriptoriumdaily.com /middlebrow/archives/too-much-like-prejudice-a-warning-against-a-dangerous-political-argument (974 words)

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