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Topic: Political division of Peru

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	sociology - Peru
		The Republic of Peru (Spanish: Perú; Quechua, Aymara: Piruw) is a country in western South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
		Peru is rich in cultural anthropology, and is well-known as the cradle of the Inca empire.
		Peru is one of only three countries in the Americas where indigenous people constitute the majority of the population — the other two being Bolivia and Guatemala — where almost half of all Peruvians are Amerindian, or 45 percent of the total population.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Peru (908 words)

	Peru at Caribbean Topfunwebsites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		'''Peru''' (Spanish language: ''República del Perú'') is a country in western South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
		Peru is rich in cultural anthropology, and is well-known as the ''cradle of the Inca empire''.
		Peru is one of only three countries in the Americas where indigenous people constitute the majority of the population — the other two being Bolivia and Guatemala — where almost half of all Peruvians are Amerindian, or 45 percent of the total population.
	www.topfunwebsites.com /grenada/peru.html (815 words)

	Facts and information for the Traveler - Peru Contact
		Limits: Peru limits with Brazil for the East, Colombia for the Northeast, Ecuador for the North, Chile for the South, Bolivia for the Southeast and for the West with the Pacific Ocean.
		In the coast, the winter reaches a temperature average of 14°C. In summer the temperatures are superior to the 28°C. At the Peruvian mountains, the sun shines all year long, but the temperature descends during the nights till reach a temperature average of 5°C. In the jungle area the weather is tropical.
		Peru has two well differentiate seasons: dry and humid, terms that according to the geographical characteristics of the country are more pertinent than winter and summer.
	www.perucontact.com /en/informacion/datos.php (729 words)

	Peru
		Politically motivated assaults on the independence and effectiveness of institutions such as the civilian judiciary and the attorney general's office have weakened their ability to serve as a bulwark against abuses by the police and the armed forces.
		Peru's constitution provides for autonomous public bodies to ensure that legislation complies with constitutional principles and that justice is administered fairly and in accordance with the law and human rights principles.
		The use of torture in Peru predates the outbreak of guerrilla violence in the 1980's and is not restricted purely to counterinsurgency operations.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1997/peru (20110 words)

	Peru's Alejandro Toledo Spectrezine
		But Peru’s growth figures can be misleading, as up to 70% of the country’s economic activity has occurred in the highly deceptive “informal sector.” At the very least, the vagaries of the country’s GDP are isolated from the daily experiences of immiseration suffered by most Peruvians.
		But for Peru’s poor, privatization has meant the dismantling of a state structure that previously was at least a source of jobs and social services, in favor of benefiting Peru’s tiny cadre of elites while widening the gap between rich and poor.
		Its findings have generated sharp political divisions, as backers of ex-president Alan Garcia and his APRA party – whose rule coincided with some of the worst human rights violations in the Shining Path conflict – have repeatedly questioned the fairness and accuracy of the commission’s work.
	www.spectrezine.org /global/Peru.htm (2405 words)

	Administrative divisions of Peru - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Subdivisions of Peru have changed from time to time, since the nation gained independence from Spain in the early 19th century.
		Peru's territory, according to the Regionalization Law which was passed on November 18, 2002, is divided into 25 regions (regiones; singular: región).
		Peru was divided into 24 departments (departamentos; singular: departamento) until the creation of the new regions in 2002.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_division_of_Peru (342 words)

	PES Peru: General Information
		Although this simple division is a fair portrait of Peru's geography, the reality is much richer and far more complex: in Peru, nature appears to have taken on particular characteristics which have turned its mountains, plains, jungles and valleys into unique habitats.
		Peru is a naturally religious country: a diversity of beliefs and freedom of worship can be seen from the wide range of festivals and rituals that feature both Catholic fervor and the mysticism of age-old pre-Hispanic cultures.
		Peru was declared an independent nation by Jose de San Martin in 1821, and in 1824 Simon Bolivar put an end to the War of Independence.
	www.stanford.edu /group/peruanos/informa/general.htm (2288 words)

	Meteoroloo.com :: Peru - map of peru
		The peru facts Republic of Peru, (Spanish: República del Perú), or Peru, is a country in western South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
		Francisco Pizarro landed on the luxury travel peru Peruvian coast in 1532, and by the end of the 1530s Peru wholesale jewelry peru became a Viceroyalty and a major population of peru source of gold and silver for the Spanish Empire.
		Peru is one of only three countries in Latin America whose largest population segment is comprised of unmixed Amerindians - the other two being Bolivia and Guatemala, where almost half of all Peruvians are Amerindian, or 45 percent of the total population.
	www.meteoroloo.com /Met-countries-m-r/Peru.html (1119 words)

	Peru
		Two-thirds of Peru's population is concentrated along the major urban centers of the coast and the rest is in the Andes, making the Amazon the least populated of its regions.
		Peru is traditionally portrayed as a country with a developing economy dependent upon the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.
		In Peru's racial hierarchy, very much a remnant of its colonial past, whites occupy the highest rung of the ladder while the rest of the population clings to the lowest part depending on their skin color and implied cultural status.
	www.everyculture.com /No-Sa/Peru.html (6656 words)

	Country Pages: Peru
		Peru, the largest in land area of the Andean countries, was home to the Incas, the most advanced indigenous civilization and most powerful empire in pre-Columbian South America.
		Peru was also the focus of Spanish colonial domination for its first two hundred years of rule.
		Peru's natural beauty and cultural richness combined with its development challenges make it a fascinating site for Fulbright scholars from a large number of disciplines interested in areas such as civil society development, democratization, economic development, indigenous issues, public sector management, urban planning, environmental sciences, archaeology, history and many other fields.
	www.cies.org /country/peru.htm (840 words)

	999 Peru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The Republic of Peru, (Spanish: Repºblica del Perº), or Peru, is a country in western South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
		In 1929 Peru and Chile signed a peace treaty (Treaty of Ancon) by which Tacna was to be returned to Peru and Peru yielded permanently the rich province of Arica, although keeping certain rights to the port activities in Arica.
		Peru is one of only three countries in Latin America whose largest population segment is comprised of unmixed Amerindians - the other two being Bolivia and Guatemala, where almost half of all Peruvians are Amerindian, or 45 percent of the total population.
	www.911peru.com (2017 words)

	USATODAY.com - Chvez-backed candidate leads in Peru's election (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Political newcomer Ollanta Humala, 43, a retired lieutenant colonel with support among the country's Indian and mixed-race poor, has held a slight lead in most polls for close to two months.
		Peru's top election official, Magdalena Chu, said the results so far were mostly from urban areas and may not reflect the national vote.
		Peru is one of the world's largest coca producers, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2006-04-09-peru_x.htm (701 words)

	History of Peru
		Evidence of settlement in Peru dates back thousands of years but, except for some scattered ruins, little is known of these early peoples.
		As a result, colonial Peru was a divided society, consisting of a small class that owned the land and controlled education, political, military, and religious power, and of a large, mostly indigenous class (about 90 percent of the total population) that remained landless, illiterate, and exploited.
		In 1873 Peru signed a secret defensive alliance with Bolivia, the purpose of which was to defend Bolivia's nitrate interests against Chile.
	www.peru-explorer.com /history.htm (1635 words)

	The EU's relations with Peru - Political context
		This political dialogue was strengthened and institutionalised through the signing of a Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and the Andean Community in December 2003.
		Peru participates in the high level dialogue on Drugs between the EU and the Andean Community and signed in 1995 a precursor agreement with the EU which entered into force in 1996.
		Peru is already one of the largest recipients of Commission aid to Latin America.
	ec.europa.eu /external_relations/peru/intro (1856 words)

	Peru Conference Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		It is a country that has been distinguished by colorful political leaders, both victors and contenders, and that has witnessed no shortage of surprises, for better or worse.
		Peru, perhaps more so than most Latin American countries, tends to provoke intense, often passionate debate, sometimes testing assumptions and conceptions about the tensions between democratic governance and the effectiveness of governmental action.
		Peru’s Minister of Women’s Affairs and Human Rights Miriam Schenone referred to the government’s efforts to attack inequality, to the 40% of the national budget allocated to social spending and to the concentration of this spending in education, in health, in women, in the displaced population.
	www.iadialog.org /publications/country_studies/peru.html (4020 words)

	Peru. In: Amnesty International Report 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		National and international human rights organizations reminded the Panamanian authorities that under international law those suspected of having committed crimes against humanity cannot be granted asylum and that under the UN Convention against Torture the Panamanian authorities had a duty to investigate and bring to trial those suspected of such crimes.
		Peru withdrew from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 1999, claiming that it could not comply with the Court's ruling that four Chilean citizens convicted of treason by military courts in 1994 had to be retried under international fair trial procedures.
		Peru: Breaking the circle of impunity and restoring the rule of law in Peru - Tasks which must be undertaken without delay during the transition (joint statement by AI and the International Commission of Jurists) (AI Index:
	web.amnesty.org /web/ar2001.nsf/webamrcountries/PERU?OpenDocument (1558 words)

	USATODAY.com - Garcia regains Peru presidency in runoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		LIMA, Peru (AP) — Alan Garcia staged a remarkable comeback in Peru's runoff election, beating a fiery nationalist backed by Venezuela's Hugo Chavez to regain control of the country 16 years after his first presidential term ended in economic ruin and rebel violence.
		But he lost badly in almost all of Peru's southern and central highland states and in the country's jungle interior — populated by poor Quechua-speaking Indians and mixed-race mestizos, long neglected by the nation's political elite.
		Chavez was sharply criticized in Peru for meddling in the presidential campaign, prompting a diplomatic spat in which both countries have withdrawn their ambassadors.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2006-06-04-peru_x.htm (919 words)

	Peru: The Luso-Hispanic World in Maps (Library of Congress)
		In 1836, Bolivian President, Andrés de Santa Cruz, exploiting political divisions in Peru created the Peru-Bolivia Confederation which was overthrown with its defeat at Yungay in January, 1839.
		The commanders in the battle were distinguished political leaders: Santa Cruz, president of Bolivia and Manuel Bulnes, president of Chile (1841-1851).
		From 1863 to 1865 he served as Commissioner of the United States to Peru to settle, through agreement reached by a joint commission composed of Peruvian and United States representatives, a conflict between the two countries regarding guano smuggling.
	www.loc.gov /rr/geogmap/luso/peru.html (1488 words)

	POLITICAL DIVISION, POPULATION, LANGUAGE, RELIGION, OROGRAPHY - CUSCO - PERU - CUZCO
		By this Century, the population of the city of Cusco is estimated in 300,000 inhabitants, with an approximate annual growth of 4%.
		There are two official languages in Peru: Spanish, which is spoken by 73% of the population; and Quechua or Runasimi, which is spoken by 24% of Peruvians.
		The official religion of Peru is the Roman Catholic, which is practiced by 80% of the population with a deep devotion and fervor.
	www.cusco-peru.org /cusco-information-cusco-information1.shtml (522 words)

	Losing the War on Terrorism in Peru
		In Peru, the Maoist "Shining Path" (Sendero Luminoso) terrorists, perpetrators of thousands of murders in the 1980s and 90s, are making a comeback in the coca-rich Upper Huallaga Valley and in Lima.
		Peru is also in the midst of a government-corruption scandal uncovering decades of misdeeds by some of our closest drug-war partners — including bribery, drug running, arms dealing, and death squads.
		The government of Peru has denounced all forms of public corruption…There have been no known cases of systemic institutional, narcotics related corruption within government entities in the last few years, nor are there any senior level government officials known to be engaged in drug production, distribution or money laundering.
	www.davekopel.com /NRO/2002/Losing-the-War-on-Terrorism-in-Peru.htm (2277 words)

	Peru 2000: Country Report
		He was then reported to have returned to Peru, and Fujimori personally staged a brief, massively publicized manhunt that mostly elicited derision.
		The seizure violated Article 2, Paragraph 4 of Peru's constitution, which forbids any "action that suspends or closes any organ of expression or prevents it from circulating freely." It also violated Article 651 of the Civil Procedure Code, which forbids the confiscation of any company's essential equipment.
		Because Article 191 of Peru's Organic Law of Elections prohibits the publication of polling data less than 15 days before an election, the state agency that organized the event instructed participants not to cite poll data on the air.
	www.cpj.org /attacks00/americas00/Peru.html (4852 words)

	CNN.com - Peru talks set deadline for plans to boost human rights - September 5, 2000
		LIMA (Reuters) -- Peru edged forward on the bumpy road to democratic reforms Tuesday after the government and opposition set themselves two weeks to draft proposals to resolve four of the country's trickiest human rights problems.
		The decision, reached Monday night in a meeting brokered by the Organization of American States, was the first concrete sign of progress since talks began after President Alberto Fujimori's re-election in a widely condemned May vote.
		Santistevan acknowledged that issues as politically charged as control and accountability of Peru's feared intelligence service, or SIN, would not be resolved in the next two weeks.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/americas/09/05/peru.reform.reut (795 words)

	Top20Peru.com - Your Top20 Guide to Peru!
		Peru is home to many indigenous ethnic groups, especially in its portion of the Amazon rainforest.
		Andean Peru is recognized as one of only six areas of indigenous development of civilization in the world and one of only two in the Western Hemisphere, along with Mesoamerica.
		Peru is an active member of several regional blocs, the most important of which is the Andean Community of Nations.
	www.top20peru.com (1763 words)

	Peru 1993 Annex V
		Those willing to work for a political settlement, at as little cost to the public as possible, will find this difficult to accomplish so long as such vile tactics are being used.
		It is the duty of the Government of Peru and the obligation of its highest ranking authorities to ensure that such organizations will be able to perform their functions.
		As the Chairman of the Commission told the then Foreign Minister of Peru back in 1989, the Armed Forces are called upon to defend the Constitution and the laws and that noble calling cannot be betrayed by recourse to methods specifically prohibited by those very laws.
	www.cidh.oas.org /countryrep/Peru93eng/annex.5.htm (1773 words)

	Peru: A Development Overview \| Foundation for Sustainable Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Several prominent civilizations in Peru made advancements in irrigation, art, architecture, and centrally-directed government before the famed Incas ruled from the 12th to 16th century.
		After achieving independence from Spain in 1821, Peru was characterized by political instability and many brief governments, often in oligarchic and dictatorial form.
		Today, Peru’s population is approaching 28 million, and the many slums surrounding Lima continue to swell with migrants from the rest of the country.
	www.fsdinternational.org /intlopps/country/peru1 (763 words)

	human rights watch \| peru's political crisis
		President Alberto Fujimori (who on September 16 called for new elections in Peru and announced that he would not present himself as a candidate) should stand down immediately in favor of a caretaker president who can enjoy the confidence of all political sectors.
		On July 28, Peru's independence day, President Alberto Fujimori Fujimori was sworn in for his third consecutive term of office, after one of the most seriously questioned elections the continent has seen in recent years.
		By such accusations, Fujimori hopes to drive a wedge between the movement led by Toledo, and more "moderate" sectors of the opposition who are already cooperating with the new government (as the marchers gathered in Lima, Fujimori appointed former opposition leader Federico Salas as his new prime minister).
	www.hrw.org /campaigns/peru/index.html (1045 words)

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