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Topic: Political revolution

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	Revolution article - Revolution revolution (disambiguation) social political culture economy - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Political revolutions are often characterised by violence, and the vast changes in power structures that result can often result in further, institutionalised, violence, as in the Russian and French revolutions (with the "Purges" and "the Terror", respectively).
		A political revolution is the forcible replacement of one set of rulers with another (as happened in France and Russia), while a social revolution is the fundamental change in the social structure of a society, such as the Protestant Reformation or the Renaissance.
		Social and political revolutions are often "institutionalized" when the ideas, slogans, and personalities of the revolution continue to play a prominent role in a country's political culture, long after the revolution's end.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Revolution (795 words)

	AllRefer.com - revolution (Political Science: Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		revolution, in a political sense, fundamental and violent change in the values, political institutions, social structure, leadership, and policies of a society.
		The word revolution, borrowed from astronomy, took on its political meaning in 17th-century England, where, paradoxically, it meant a return or restoration of a former situation.
		It was not until the 18th cent., with the French Revolution, that revolution began to mean a new beginning.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/revoluti.html (308 words)

	MSN Encarta - French Revolution
		During the course of the Revolution, France was temporarily transformed from an absolute monarchy, where the king monopolized power, to a republic of theoretically free and equal citizens.
		The effects of the French Revolution were widespread, both inside and outside of France, and the Revolution ranks as one of the most important events in the history of Europe.
		From the beginning of the 20th century until the 1970s, the French Revolution was most commonly described as the result of the growing economic and social importance of the bourgeoisie, or middle class.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557826/French_Revolution.html (967 words)

	The Failure of the Political Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Political revolution means the overthrow of the bureaucracy, whilst retaining the state as a weapon against imperialism and capitalist restoration.
		Political revolution means the independent mobilisation of the working class with a program aimed at the working class regaining political control of the state, and thereby the economy.
		The political revolution in the USSR was forestalled by the Nazi invasion.
	home.mira.net /~andy/bs/bs2-2.htm (11104 words)

	revolution
		Peter Calvert in A Study of Revolution, Oxford University Press, 1970, starts with a definition of political revolution as ‘a complete overthrow of the established government of a country or state by those who were previously subject to it; a forcible substitution of a new ruler or form of government’.
		Revolutions follow a wide variety of courses but Leiden and Schmitt, nevertheless, generalise the stages of revolution as: Stage 1 violence and the destruction of the existing regime.
		Revolution is a concept used by historians by which they gather together a series of events and, by labelling them, provide a shorthand for an easier description and analysis of the past.
	www.history-ontheweb.co.uk /concepts/revolution31.htm (804 words)

	FRANKLIN W. KNIGHT \| The Haitian Revolution \| The American Historical Review, 105.1 \| The History Cooperative
		Even before the declaration of political independence on the part of the British North American colonies, slavery was under attack by a number of religious and political leaders from, for example, the Quakers and Evangelicals, such as William Wilberforce (1759–1833), Thomas Clarkson (1760–1846), and Granville Sharp (1735–1813).
		The victory of the slaves in 1793 was, ironically, a victory for colonialism and the revolution in France.
		The leftward drift of the revolution and the implacable zeal of its colonial administrators, especially the Jacobin commissioner Léger Félicité Sonthonax, to eradicate all traces of counterrevolution and royalism—which he identified with the whites—in Saint Domingue facilitated the ultimate victory of the fls over the whites.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ahr/105.1/ah000103.html (5977 words)

	[No title]
		The careful deductive reasoning, too, which Political Economy teaches is of great importance to the historian, and the habits of mind acquired from it are even more valuable than the knowledge of principles which it gives, especially to students of facts, who might otherwise be overwhelmed by the mass of their materials.
		The Revolution of 1688, which brought to a conclusion the constitutional struggle of the seventeenth century, was accomplished without their aid, and paved the way for their extinction.
		It was the political conditions of the age, the overwhelming importance of land, which made it impossible for the yeoman to keep his grip upon the soil.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/toynbee/indrev (19552 words)

	Fascism and Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As in the case of every major political revolution in Western history, the immediate context for their success was a deep-seated crisis in the ‘old’ order.
		Where the fascist revolution differs significantly from liberal (bourgeois) and Marxist ones is that in theory these, though carried out locally, aimed to establish bridge-heads in the territorial battle against the ‘old order' in a process which would one day bring benefits to humanity on a global scale.
		The revolution was in fact the break-through of a fresh world-view, which had fought for power in opposition fourteen years to provide the basis for the German people to develop a new relationship with the state.
	www.geocities.com /bobmeyer_us/griffin.html (6143 words)

	Political revolution. (from assassination) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Political killing has as its goal a change in leadership or form of government.
		The term is used by analogy in such expressions as the Industrial Revolution, where it refers to a radical and profound change in economic relationships and technological conditions.
		Hence the conventional term “Revolution of 1789,” denoting the end of the ancien régime in France and serving also to distinguish that event from the later French revolutions of 1830 and 1848.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article?tocId=196809 (908 words)

	A Political Revolution Supported by the Majority…
		However, if the political system of a Muslim state, contrary to the referred directive of the Qur’an, is not based on the principle of consultation (majority rule), which implies that it is a despotic and a tyrannical government, even then the Qur’an has directed the Muslims to remain obedient to it.
		Thus, organizing and promoting a political revolution (mutiny) against a despotic and tyrannical ruler would be against the directives of the Shari`ah, except in the case where the ruler clearly and openly forsakes Islam.
		Finally, in case any movement of political change and revolution entails a chance of an armed conflict with the present rulers of a Muslim state then a fourth condition would be added to the aforementioned three conditions.
	www.understanding-islam.com /rpol/pol-007.htm (1020 words)

	Hungary 1956 and the Political Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The revolution of 1956 was a revolution to rid society of this gang of parasites, torturers and murderers, who claimed to rule in the name of the working class, and to reassert the traditions of 1919 of the involvement of the working class in the revolution and the subsequent running of society.
		Anyone who says that the forces of the political revolution are powerless against the arms of the state apparatus should look at the reports of Police Chief Kopasci as he describes his conversations over the radio with the different police units in the capital.
		The radio was requisitioned for the revolution and the demands of the workers broadcast to the rest of the nation and beyond.
	www.marxist.com /History/hungary1956_86.html (5651 words)

	Dance: The new 'political' revolution \| LJWorld.com
		Although the group's political agenda will remain anonymous, it is hoping to make a statement about politics and activism.
		Coincidentally, the first dance revolution was on the same weekend the group found out about an ordinance in New York City requiring clubs to have a permit to allow dancing.
		Exploring the idea that many radical political organizations attach visual aesthetics to coincide with their political agenda, the group turned to various communist leaders and craftwork for inspiration.
	www.ljworld.com /section/arts/story/168800 (704 words)

	SparkNotes: Henry VIII: The Political Revolution
		Thomas Cromwell's 1531 appointment to the inner ring of the king's council signified the start of a political revolution in England, though Henry VIII himself was likely unaware of its nature.
		The most significant political motions in Henry's break with Rome were, first, the passage through the House of Commons of the Supplication against the Ordinaries, or the Submission of the Clergy in 1532, and, second, the March 1533 restraint of all legal appeals to Rome.
		It was fortunate that Henry had Cromwell at his side to employ Parliament as skillfully as he did, simultaneously establishing the supreme authority he desired as King of England and establishing important institutional groundwork for the future stability and effectiveness of the English constitution.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/henryviii/section6.rhtml (790 words)

	The Press and Political Revolution :: Essay Sample. Free term papers for college students
		In a democratic revolution, the radicals are fighting for the rights that they believe they should have, if for no other reason than by the fact that they are born.
		In a revolution where freedom of the press is being fought for, it is only natural that the press play a large role in the fight.
		The political pamphlet was too limited a medium to satisfy the demand for the news and ideas that the calling of the Estates-General had created.9 The relative advantages of daily newspapers were recognized early in the revolution.
	www.essaysample.com /essay/003057.html (2162 words)

	Chinese Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Politically speaking, the 1911 Revolution was a decisive break with the past.
		As the emperorship political structure had been an inseparable part of Confucianism, the abolition of the monarchy in 1911 declared Confucianism a useless political belief.
		Later, during the May Fourth Revolution in 1919, even Confucianism as a way of life and a body of social thought was under attack.
	www.thecorner.org /hists/china/chin-revo.htm (7072 words)

	U.S. Needs A Political Revolution
		Those same companies and their political donations ensure that the United Stares remains the only industrialized nation that does not have a national health care program providing health care to all.
		It is also, sadly, no accident that almost 20 percent of our children live in poverty, schools throughout the country are physically deteriorating, college graduates begin their careers deeply in debt and millions of working class people are unable to find affordable housing.
		It is time for a political revolution to revitalize American democracy and move the country toward social justice.
	www.commondreams.org /cgi-bin/print.cgi?file=/views01/0817-05.htm (745 words)

	Down with Deng’s Bloody Repression—For Workers Political Revolution in China!
		Yet while the revolution uprooted neo-colonialism and did away with many reactionary semi-feudal hangovers from the past, it left the top echelons of the peasant-based CCP with a monopoly of political power.
		The politically amorphous character of the ‘‘democracy’’ movement meant that it was open to participation by those who would like to see a restoration of capitalism.
		This means a political struggle against the narrow nationalism of Mao Tse-tung and his heirs, and a recognition that socialism can only be established in China through the extension of workers revolution to the citadels of imperialism—most immediately the powerful industrial economy of Japan.
	www.bolshevik.org /1917/no7/no07chin.html (1980 words)

	Workers Political Revolution in the DDR? - Robertsonites in Wonderland
		The political tenor of the demonstrations that brought down Erich Honecker’s regime is proof of this.
		The politics of the Stalinists are contradictory: on the one hand, the pressure of imperialism drives them to ever broader capitulation at the expense of the working class.
		The social revolution carried out from above in the territory of the SBZ [Soviet Occupation Zone] was accompanied by the systematic annihilation of the independent initiatives of the East German proletariat.
	www.bolshevik.org /1917/no10/no10spad.html (4001 words)

	Centerfield: A Political Revolution?
		With voters and the press fixated on the fiercest presidential race in decades, scant attention has been paid to a political revolution erupting on the West Coast - one that Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger of California gave his support to this week.
		Candidates could speak directly to all voters from the beginning of their campaigns, rather than having to run zigzag races that first cater to fierce partisans in the party primary, then shift to the center in the fall.
		If there are 2 extreme candidates on either side of the political spectrum and several middle-of-the-road candidates, then it's all too easy for one or both idealogues to make it into the run-off, as the 50-60% in the middle is split evenly between the center candidates.
	www.centristcoalition.com /blog/archives/001243.html (598 words)

	The Scotsman - Opinion - Can India's Golden Enclave spearhead a political revolution? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		People don’t expect or demand much from their representatives, and therefore they are not interested in paying them much in taxes, so most local governments are starved of both revenues and talent.
		My hope is that the knowledge workers now spearheading India’s economic revolution will feel compelled to spearhead a political revolution.
		India’s independence revolution in 1947 began in urban India, and its political reform revolution is also going to begin in urban India - "this time fuelled by the forces of globalisation," he said to me in his Bangalore office, surrounded by young volunteers.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /opinion.cfm?id=334952004 (734 words)

	VOTE.COM \| Column \| Arnold & Dean's Political Revolution
		The political parties have conspired in a massive deal to protect one another's incumbents by so drawing congressional district lines that only four incumbent congressmen were defeated by insurgents from the other party - less than 1 percent of the body!
		In California on the right and in the Democratic presidential contest on the left, voters are demanding a return to direct democracy, taking politics out of the hands of politicians and their special-interest benefactors.
		Voters know that the political system is fundamentally corrupted by special interests and their campaign contributions.
	www.vote.com /magazine/columns/dickmorris/column60161475.phtml (758 words)

	The University of Memphis: University Libraries - Information Sources in Political Science
		A guide to statistical statements on current social, economic, political, environmental and health issues, derived from some newspapers, periodicals, newsletter and documents such as the Christian Science Monitor, the Congressional Record, Congressional hearings, Daily Press Briefings of the White House, State Department and Department of Defense, and Australian, British and Canadian Parliamentary Debates.
		Publications related to political science issued by federal and Tennessee state agencies are available online and in the Government Publications Department on the first floor of McWherter Library.
		Political Science Resources (University of Michigan Documents Center) - An extremely comprehensive guide including information relating to presidential elections.
	exlibris.memphis.edu /resource/subguides/polsci.html (1319 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Robespierre: On Political Morality
		Some time since we laid before you the principles of our exterior political system, we now come to develop the principles of political morality which are to govern the interior.
		A king, a proud senate, a Caesar, a Cromwell; of these the first care was to cover their dark designs under the cloak of religion, to covenant with every vice, caress every party, destroy men of probity, oppress and deceive the people in order to attain the end of their perfidious ambition.
		The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1794robespierre.html (1231 words)

	Fog: U.S. Political Revolution
		Thus, the concept of a true democracy is undermined—generally in a very legal fashion through a quagmire of complex laws that must be interpreted by lawyers (who, given 90 days and a few million dollars, could legally turn each of the Ten Commandments around 180 degrees).
		his internal revolution would probably take a charismatic leader with the ability to work outside the system, crash through the barriers of public apathy, and steamroll needed reform.
		Of course, this has been attempted in many countries with unfortunate consequences when the "knight in shinning armor" was corrupt, was corrupted, or just proved to be crazy.
	www.cybercollege.com /letter17.htm (866 words)

	Mabini: Political Revolution and Evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		So it is that political revolution is generally attempted by a people for whom the desire to improve their condition has become an irresistible need.
		A people that have not yet reached the fullness of life must grow and develop because otherwise their existence would be paralyzed, and paralyzation is equivalent to death.
		he study of the Philippine political revolution should determine whether or not the considerations I have set forth are worthwhile.
	www.univie.ac.at /Voelkerkunde/Asian-Pacific/aufi/history/mabini01.htm (543 words)

	Good Politics Radio - Join the Political Communication Revolution
		To schedule a broadcast on your side of this or any issue, contact Good Politics Radio by email. The phone # to call if someone desires an interview with the originators of this broadcast is: JBS headquarters (920) 749-5062.
		Good Politics Radio presents this speech by William F. Jasper, continuing the series about the John Birch Society views on the FTAA.
		To schedule a broadcast on your side of this or any issue, contact Good Politics Radio by email. The phone # to call if someone desires an interview with the originators of this broadcast is: JBS headquarters (920) 749-5062.
	feeds.feedburner.com /GoodPoliticsRadio (2077 words)

	Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Scientific, Political & Industrial Revolution
		Consideration of the relationship between Protestantism and the Scientific Revolution.
		The principles of political economy and taxation, 1815 (third ed.
		Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1791, moderate length excerpts [At Baylor]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/modsbook2.html (5133 words)

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