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Topic: Political rights

In the News (Thu 31 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Civil and Political Rights
		As already stated earlier, civil and political rights are the rights that generally restrict the powers of the government in respect of actions affecting the individual and his or her autonomy (civil rights), and confer an opportunity upon people to contribute to the determination of laws and participate in government (political rights).
		This right shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching.
		Political rights presume that the government processes should be structured so as to provide opportunities for political participation of all eligible citizens.
	www.lincoln.edu /criminaljustice/hr/Civilandpolitical.htm (767 words)

	[No title]
		But the right of individuals and communities to participate in and enjoy the fruit of economic development should not be identified with the right of nation-states to pursue national pro-development policies, even if such policies set the stage for individual citizens to exercise their economic rights.
		While the right to development (narrowly understood) enables the nation-state as a unit to grow economically, social-economic rights are concerned with empowering the poor and vulnerable, preventing their marginalization and exploitation, and securing their basic subsistence.
		If citizens' civil-political rights are unprotected, their opportunities to "get rich" can be taken away just as arbitrarily as they are bestowed; if citizens have no real opportunity to exercise their social-economic rights, their rights to political participation and free expression will be severely undermined.
	www.puaf.umd.edu /IPPP/li.htm (3210 words)

	Human Rights [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The final and third generation of rights are associated with such rights as a right to national self-determination, a clean environment, and the rights of indigenous minorities.
		Her right to receive an adequate education is a claim right held against the local education authority, which has a corresponding duty to provide her with the object of the right.
		These are as follows: rights to life; rights to freedom; rights to political participation; rights to the protection of the rule of law; rights to fundamental social, economic, and cultural goods.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/h/hum-rts.htm (10683 words)

	International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, U.N. ...
		In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law.
		Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.
		The right of men and women of marriageable age to marry and to found a family shall be recognized.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/instree/b3ccpr.htm (5532 words)

	Political Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Political rights, as understood presently by the international community, are adequately defined in the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966).
		These rights include: the right to self-determination, “By virtue of [this] right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development,” the right to freely dispose of natural wealth and resources.
		This constitutes a basic break-down in the rights to both external and internal self-determination, for the groups at a disadvantage in attaining power, financial security, and political representation are unable to freely "determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development," rights guaranteed under the UN Covenant.
	www.eckerd.edu /academics/bes/irga/human.rights/politicalrights.html (8303 words)

	Kubatana - Archive - Under a Shadow: Civil and Political Rights in Zimbabwe - Human Rights Watch - Jun 06, 2003
		It was the first time that the MDC had called for political action since the ruling party’s victory in the March 2002 presidential elections, which were marred by widespread irregularities and incidents of violence.
		Serious restrictions on citizens’ rights to assembly and association have made it difficult for elected representatives to regularly meet with their constituents - meetings are either declared illegal or are otherwise disrupted.
		By failing to act strongly against the perpetrators of violence, by enlisting state institutions to beat and harass those perceived to be critical of government, by using rhetoric that relies on metaphors of war and terrorism, the Zimbabwean government has created a culture of impunity, intolerance, and injustice.
	www.kubatana.net /html/archive/hr/030606hrw.asp?sector=HR (1207 words)

	Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
		As a result, Article 55 of the UN Charter pledged member states to "universal respect for, and observance of, human rights." Now that the UN's members had agreed to respect human rights, the organization needed a definition of what those rights were and a means of insuring their protection.
		ER had already become one of the most important figures in the UN's human rights program and as chairman she would be able to exert a decisive influence over the commission's decisions.
		It was under her direction that the decision was made to move forward on the international bill of human rights with two documents instead of one: first, the commission would outline universal human rights in a nonbinding declaration; second, they would propose machinery for enforcing the protection of those rights in a legally binding covenant.
	www.nps.gov /elro/glossary/cov-civilpol-rights.htm (1023 words)

	Zimbabwe: Food Used as Political Weapon (Human Rights Watch, 24-10-2003)
		The international aid agencies universally deny that donors' political opposition to land reform is a factor, explaining that they cannot distribute any relief food in these areas until a comprehensive needs assessment has been completed by the government.
		The government should impress upon the leadership of all political parties that it is prohibited under domestic and international law for politicians and party supporters to use food to influence or reward constituents or voters.
		Human Rights Watch recommended that the international community continue to fight the politicization of relief food through its efforts to maintain tight controls on food distribution and to implement all aspects of relief efforts directly or through local non-governmental organizations.
	www.hrw.org /press/2003/10/zimbabwe102403.htm (818 words)

	UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In those States in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities exist, persons belonging to such minorities shall not be denied the right, in community with the other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practice their own religion, or to use their own language.
		The States Parties concerned, referred to in subparagraph (b), shall have the right to be represented when the matter is being considered in the Committee and to make submissions orally and/or in writing.
		Nothing in the present Covenant shall be interpreted as impairing the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and of the constitutions of the specialized agencies which define the respective responsibilities of the various organs of the United Nations and of specialized agencies in regard to the matters dealt with in the present Covenant.
	www.hrweb.org /legal/cpr.html (5504 words)

	Campaign for the Civil and Political Rights of Afghani Women Petition
		Diplomatic discussions are already underway to prepare the political future of Afghanistan: the proposal is to bring to the negotiating table members of the Northern Alliance and Taliban "moderates." This meeting proposes to bring together all the elements of the population, but the pre-negotiations have taken place entirely among men.
		We invite all women's groups, and all groups, parties, unions, which are fighting for democracy and the defense of human rights to support this campaign, to put pressure on governmental organizations to officially accept and support these demands, and to organize their own campaigns of information about, and support for the women of Afghanistan.
		The Campaign for the Civil and Political Rights of Afghani Women Petition to Internacional governmental and human rights organizations was created by Association Testarda; Association Casa della Donna di Pisa and written by Testarda.
	www.petitiononline.com /AFGWOMEN/petition.html (846 words)

	International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
		The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 16 December 1966.
		Amongst those exceptions are the provision that the human rights recognized by this treaty shall not be enforcable in courts in the United States.
		Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his civil and political rights, as well as his economic, social and cultural rights,
	www.cirp.org /library/ethics/UN-covenant (1208 words)

	Choike - Civil and political rights
		The struggle for these rights was staged primarily throughout the last few centuries, with labour movements being among the first to champion them, once it became clear that civil and political rights cannot be exercised unless individuals are guaranteed access to a minimum set of vital resources.
		So called "third generation rights" indicate that every person should be born and live in an environment that enables the effective exercise of all their rights.
		The Human Rights Committee was established to monitor the implementation of the Covenant and the Protocols to the Covenant in the territory of States parties.
	www.choike.org /nuevo_eng/informes/1449.html (5413 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (Oxford Political Theory) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It argues that certain "collective rights" of minority cultures are consistent with liberal democratic principles, and that standard liberal objections to such rights can be answered.
		Scholars of political theory and philosophy, as well as the general reader, will find this work to be the most comprehensive analysis to date of this crucial political issue.
		He sees the individual's freedom as the right to belong to his of her ancestral group, and this of course means that unless the group's rights are recognised and implemented, the individual that belongs to the group cannot be a free person.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0198290918?v=glance (1341 words)

	Democrats Turn to 'Second Amendment Rights' for Political Gain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		So when the Democratic Party platform was officially adopted at the Democratic National Convention in Boston on July 27, AGS saluted the action as a historic event signifying the willingness of the party to compromise on the gun issue.
		He thinks that Kerry's use of "Second Amendment rights" language might help him in some of the rural swing states "because he's trying to send signals that he's not hostile to responsible gun use," and because it provides little political risk.
		But in the absence of a terse sound bite to counter phrases like "gun rights" or "Second Amendment rights," it's still important for activists to point out when misstatements are made, according to Karlin.
	www.jointogether.org /gv/news/features/reader/0,2061,573541,00.html (1423 words)

	Optional Protocol to the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Subject to the provisions of article 1, individuals who claim that any of their rights enumerated in the Covenant have been violated and who have exhausted all available domestic remedies may submit a written communication to the Committee for consideration.
		The Committee shall consider inadmissible any communication under the present Protocol which is anonymous, or which it considers to be an abuse of the rights of submission of such communications or to be incompatible with the provisions of the Covenant.
		Subject to the provisions of article 3, the Committee shall bring any communications submitted to it under the present Protocol to the attention of the State Party to the present Protocol alleged to be violating any provisions of the Covenant.
	www.hrweb.org /legal/cpr-prot.html (999 words)

	Welcome to Freedom House
		October 21, 2005 -With less than three weeks until parliamentary elections in Azerbaijan, the authorities’ restrictions on a range of rights cast serious doubt on the ability of average Azeri citizens to enjoy a free and fair vote on November 6, Freedom House said today.
		Sandy was a valued member of the Freedom House Board of Trustees; more than that, she was a champion of freedom, human rights, and racial equality whose work as an activist and trade unionist made a difference in thousands of lives.
		The study examines four key characteristics of each transition -- the societal forces driving it, the strength of nonviolent civic resistance, the level of violence, and the sources of that violence -- to determine how successful transitions to democracy are achieved.
	www.freedomhouse.org (534 words)

	POLITICAL SCIENCE 222D
		The seminar is intended mainly for upper division undergraduates and for graduate students.
		The course examines normative issues that are emotionally powerful and politically consequential, as well as cultural issues surrounding debates over human rights.
		Are there distinctively African conceptions of human rights? To what extent should rights be considered collective as well as individual, social and economic as well as political?
	democracy.stanford.edu /Syllabi/DiamondHR.htm (1581 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Human Rights in Political Transitions: Gettysburg to Bosnia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Human rights, as statesmen and diplomats know, are at the core of contemporary political thought and international action.
		It argues for a major reorientation of the objectives and strategies of the human rights community in light of the emergence of renewed and often virulent forms of political tyranny and civil conflict.
		The contributions of the human rights activists keeps the academics from appearing to discuss merely abstract concepts, and the academics (usually) provide a wider framework for what the activists are telling us.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1890951013 (765 words)

	Kuwait proceeds towards realizing women's political rights
		This, however, seems clear in the coolness in which the government deals with the demands raised by the parliamentarians to decrease the number of electoral circles from 25 circles to five or 10, and this is in order to control the election operation and blocks the way before vote buying.
		In May 2003, the Kuwaiti cabinet issued an amendment on the municipal council law providing for giving the woman her rights to be a candidate and elect members of the council, but the council did not discuss it yet.
		For her part, board member of the Kuwaiti teachers Union, Khoula al-Oteiki, the leading figure in the Social reform society which close to the Muslim brothers said that all countries which deprived women of their political rights are confident that woman's participation in all economic, political, social, industrial and educational fields is indispensable.
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/040301/2004030110.html (333 words)

	Two Rights: Conservative Political Discourse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We have more than the right, rather the responsibility to show our brethren the error of their sinful ways so that THEY MAY RETURN TO THE BODY OF CHRIST, not so that we can castigate them and send them out as a pariah.
		Marriage is rooted in Judeo Christian tradition, therefore, those who espouse such beliefs have every right to stand firm in the clear definition of the union, in essence, the caretakers of the institution.
		The church has every right to judge those who claim to be a believer in the hope that they return from their seperation from God and return to righteousness.
	tworights.com (2289 words)

	Freedom in the World 1999 - 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Do the people have the right to organize in different political parties or other competitive political groupings of their choice, and is the system open to the rise and fall of these competing parties or groupings?
		To answer the political rights questions, Freedom House considers the extent to which the system offers the voter the chance to make a free choice among candidates, and to what extent the candidates are chosen independently of the state.
		In many Latin American countries, for example, the military retains a significant political role, and in Morocco the king maintains considerable power over the elected politicians.
	www.freedomhouse.org /research/freeworld/2000/methodology2.htm (360 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Organizations: Student: Political: Animal Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Animal Outreach of Kansas University (AOKU) - AOKU advocates animal rights activism on the KU campus and in the Lawrence area.
		Haverford Animal Rights Group - Haverford College animal rights group.
		Madison Coalition for Animal Rights - University of Wisconsin Madison animal rights group.
	dmoz.org /Society/Organizations/Student/Political/Animal_Rights (423 words)

	Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Temple Political and Civil Rights Law Review is a student-edited scholarly journal which provides a forum for the discussion of contemporary political and civil rights issues.
		Articles reflect a spectrum of concerns ranging from immediate questions of law and policy to basic assumptions about the nature of individuals, groups, and institutions.
		The purpose of the Temple Political and Civil Rights Law Review is to publish a timely, first-rate law review devoted entirely to issues in the field of political and civil rights law which helps meet the need for serious scholarship in this area.
	www.temple.edu /law/tpcrlr (124 words)

	Human Rights Watch - Defending Human Rights Worldwide
		Both Cuba and the United States have imposed harsh travel restrictions that cause the forced separation of Cuban families.
		Cuba routinely refuses to grant its citizens permission to leave their country and often denies those who have left without permission the right to return.
		To provide a measure of justice for thousands of victims of human rights violations, fair trials are essential
	www.hrw.org (183 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Language Rights and Political Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Politics of Language: Conflict, Identity, and Cultural Pluralism in Comparative Perspective by Carol L. Schmid
		Language Policy and Identity Politics In The United States by Ronald Schmidt Sr.
		It brings together many of the leading political theorists who work in the field, together with some of the most important social scientists, with the aim of exploring how political theorists can conceptualize issues of language rights and contribute to public debates on language policy.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0199262918?v=glance (457 words)

	Featured Books: Human Rights, Law, Political Science
		Claude, Science in the Service of Human Rights
		Merali, Giving Meaning to Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
		Zeleza, Human Rights, the Rule of Law, and Development in Africa
	www.upenn.edu /pennpress/features/rights.html (104 words)

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