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Topic: Politicized issues

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	CONSTITUTIONALISM IN NIGERIA: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF ETHNICITY AND POLITICS
		It is important to understand that these (i) contentious issues are not fixed; and, (ii) given individual multiple identities like ethnicity, class, religion, education, etc., significant change in one aspect of identity often results in fluid and instrumental use of identity to secure important interests.
		As is true of most constitution-making efforts, issues that eventually make it to the constitution are often contentious, hence, there is always a need to categorize and/or prioritize issues in terms of their relevance to the overall national goal.
		Such a strategic and politically calculated approach to changing the discussion from issues of poverty to religion—a contentious issue in which the Northern elites are better positioned to win—are symptomatic of a crisis of legitimacy and leadership on a larger scale.
	www.westafricareview.com /issue6/kalu.html (9914 words)

	The Evolution of U.S. GAAP: The Political Forces Behind Professional Standards
		By a 5–2 vote, FASB issues SFAS 15, on accounting by debtors and creditors for troubled debt restructurings, which, in effect, allows financial institutions that agree with debtors to modify the terms of their long-term loan agreements (lengthening the term and reducing the interest rate) to avoid recording a loss on the restructuring.
		As the issues become more specific, eventually dealing with the sensitive and practical matters of recognition and measurement, the board can agree only to be general and not prescriptive.
		The last previous standard on the subject, issued by the APB in 1972, had antedated the development of option-pricing models and said simply that no compensation expense was to be recorded unless the market price of the shares under the option was greater than the exercise price.
	www.nysscpa.org /cpajournal/2005/205/infocus/p18.htm (6417 words)

	Sacrrificing Truth: Archaeology and the Myth of Masada by Nachman Ben-Yehuda
		Issues of truth and falsehood have occupied the minds of such eminent scholars as John Dewey and William James, and indeed even phenomenologists such as Jack Douglas as well.
		I have already explored the issue of deception and deviance in science (1985, 1986), and examining one case in detail is a worthy addition.
		Thus, this manuscript is focused on science and deception, and not on the myth (or the issue of collective memory).
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/ben-yehuda_masada.htm (3057 words)

	[No title]
		Fourth, parties represent varying issues according to social cleavages where in Russia the cleavages center on gender and residence, Ukraine it is cleavages in age, education, residence and occupation, and in Lithuania income and education cleavages are prevalent (Miller et.
		In situations where there are significant policy issues being debated then the flank party strategy may be more successful if these parties provide a specific stance on these highly debated issues and the electorate can identify those stances and thus support that party.
		For example, if there are three candidates with opposing views on three different issues and there are three different cleavages represented by these three different candidates as one candidate withdraws from the competition the issues at hand decline from three to two and the emphasis placed on the cleavages rotate.
	www.olemiss.edu /courses/pol628/60404ssp.txt (2631 words)

	Tax Analysts: Economic Perspective: 94 TNT 37-77 (Copyright, 1994, Tax Analysts)
		It, too, is organized to cover a wide range of issues, is involved in almost all major budget, tax, and expenditure reforms (there's always a tax side), and has developed significant capability to make budget estimates and run computer models and simulations of the law.
		In all three of these cases, one of the great contrasts with the CBO is that issues become politicized just beyond the agency level, and the agencies then are not as free to disseminate their analysis and information to the public.
		Part was due to the failure of the executive branch over the years to issue detailed policy studies before a final policy proposal had to be put forward.
	www.taxanalysts.com /www/econpers.nsf/0/172d14ceb8d2c3df852566db0061eb12?OpenDocument (1470 words)

	Center for the Environment - Harvard University
		The humanitarian consequences of this loss of place and livelihood are filled with complexity, relating to the extent and permanence of environmental destruction wrought by these crises, people’s attachment to their homes and ecosystems, the circumstances of departure, the destinations of refuge, and the possibilities for return.
		Issues will be examined through case studies and review of literature on forced migration and calamity.
		We will examine current debates on such issues as how much money should be spent on science and what kinds of science, how to keep the U.S. economically competitive, how universities and industry should interact, how energy policy should be established and implemented, and how science should be used in a variety of environmental debates.
	environment.harvard.edu /resources/courses_fas_envpubpol.htm (833 words)

	The Anti-Manicheist: How to Depoliticize Abortion.
		The problem isn't that the issue is politicized, the problem is that the courts became over-politicized as a result.
		It still is a problem that it is politicized, because the abortion issue tends to crowd out other issues in elections, despite the attempts of others to expand the issues that Christians consider in making their vote.
		At issue is the judgement of whether or not the state has a significant enough interest in the previable fetus at a certain stage to prohibit elective abortions.
	wetzell.blogspot.com /2005/03/how-to-depoliticize-abortion.html (4570 words)

	The Death of the Trade Regime
		When a domestic legislature or a WTO negotiating body considers a `trade and' issue, it is both expected and appropriate for it to declare that it has weighed and struck a balance among all appropriate interests, and resolved political and policy issues through majoritarian processes.
		To be sure, many trade policy issues are contested in the sense that they are subject to disagreement and dispute, but the claim here is that many `trade and' issues are `contested' in a much more fundamental way.
		Once the panel reached a decision and issued a report, the losing party could block the adoption of the report by the GATT Council, and, until adopted, a report was not legally binding.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol10/No4/art4-05.html (3917 words)

	Puerto Rico and the American Dream » Blog Archive » What are the critical issues this election year?
		Perhaps because we are not educated on the issues of science in general (I mean, we are the only industrialized country where people not only do not accept evolution as the best explanation for life’s development, they seek to remove it from school science courses).
		Another big issue area is “direct democracy” (i.e., enhancing the opportunities for folks to become directly involved in the process) and the move to include referendum, initiative and recall and another “direct democracy” tools in local, state and national political processes.
		Issues such as the creation of affordable housing, the improving the quality of public schools, insuring adequate healthcare, employment, job-training/retraining and other issues which have a day to day effect on people.
	www.prdream.com /wordpress/?p=63 (4226 words)

	Monthly Review April 1998 David Harvey
		There are some good reasons for this, including the undoubtedly "bourgeois" flavor of many of the issues politicized under that heading (such as "quality of life" for the relatively affluent, romanticism of nature, and sentimentality about animals) and the middle class domination of environmental movements.
		Once the environmental issue is conceptualized in part as directly a class issue, then this configuration of arguments fits into a definite kind of class politics.
		Issues of gender, of reproduction activities, of what happens in the living space as well as in the workspace, of group difference, of cultural diversity and of local autonomy deserve careful consideration.
	www.monthlyreview.org /498harve.htm (3879 words)

	The Politicization of State Judicial Elections
		The specific purpose of this project is to test the hypothesis that this politicized character of judicial campaigning influences perceptions of the legitimacy of law and courts.
		The project takes advantage of the relatively new data bases of actual campaign ads (distributed by the Brennan Center at NYU) so that I will know (at t 2) the nature of the advertising content to which voters are potentially exposed (in 2004 there were 42,096 airings of 181 ads in 15 state judicial elections).
		It might even be desirable to field the project in a state where judicial elections have not yet become politicized (e.g., in 2004, in Washington state, $56,221 was spent on advertising, compared to $6,943,504 in Ohio).
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~legit/legitimacy-statecourt.index.html (650 words)

	Issues in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		Politicized issues are social, economic, theological, spiritual, medical or legal issues which have gone...
		Merge infertility Fertility issues are physiological or psychological barriers to Fertilisation conception or a carrying a fetus to term.
		Reproductive issues are the social and medical issues involving sex, pregnancy, and childbirth.
	www.tutorgig.com /es/Issues (810 words)

	- Prometheus: Science Academies as Issue Advocates Archives
		Thus, it does not appear, at least, that some of the issues (e.g., the focus on specific targets for stabilization) being endorsed by the academies are the result of any sort of systematic and transparent evaluation of policy alternatives, but instead, have been selected based on political expediency.
		By "politicized" setting I simply mean one in which different groups in society beyond the scientific enterprise are engaged in bargaining, negotiation and compromise.
		It would be nice to be able to divorce the broad issue of the role of science academies as advocates for one side of a political debate from the specifics of the issue.
	sciencepolicy.colorado.edu /prometheus/archives/science_policy_general/000452science_academies_as.html (6304 words)

	[No title]
		However, debates on issues such as marine and coastal biodiversity, access and benefit-sharing, incentive measures, and invasive alien species proved to be difficult, and, as a result, some of the recommendations remain bracketed.
		The main contentious issues were: reference to the ITPGR in targets 10.1 (access to genetic resources) and 10.2 (benefit-sharing) contained in the programme- specific matrix in the annex, proposed by Norway and opposed by Colombia.
		On marine issues, several parties were reluctant to take action, pending the outcome of the early 2006 meeting of the UN Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group on Marine Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction, pointing to uncertainty regarding the respective mandates of CBD and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.
	www.iisd.ca /download/asc/enb09333e.txt (8083 words)

	Partners for Democratic Change
		Accordingly, even the most tense trade dispute is not politicized through an apparatus of repression, because of the breadth of communication and dialogue associated with the negotiations and resolution.
		The parties control all the perimeters of the management process by mutually agreeing to: meeting time and place; language and process used; parties present; issues discussed and to be decided; agreements made; follow-up actions; and, all other aspects that relate to motivating the parties to agree.
		These types of issues are best managed in a mediation process, which is designed to engage a third party in formal negotiations between the disputants.
	www.partnersglobal.org /resources/article8.html (3537 words)

	International Religious Freedom Report 2002: Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of
		Throughout the implementation of this agreement and the 2002 election campaign, religious issues increasingly were politicized.
		The generally amicable relationship among the various religious communities contributed to religious freedom; however, inter-ethnic conflict and the increased politicization of religion by the Government have strained this relationship.
		During the period covered by this report, the Government increasingly politicized religious issues and increased the role of religion in official events.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2002/13948.htm (2019 words)

	[27 Apr 1999] HR/CN/933 : COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS BEGINS DEBATE ON RATIONALIZATION OF ITS WORK
		Some of the views in the proposal were not satisfactory, in particular the issue of the appointment of the members of the Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities and the review meetings in terms of recommendation 10b.
		The bureau did not address issues of duplication and rationalization where they were most relevant and necessary in the context of efficiency and effectiveness.
		The danger of politicization could be found in behaviour, statements or agreements that stemmed not from a desire to protect human rights, but from a political goal.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/1999/19990427.HRCN933.html (5846 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We have been suffering for the past 30 years due to conflicting issues, but now the circumstances are suitable, projects are promising and oil prices are unlikely to dive...
		The crucial point is not to destroy the period of economic boom and revival by politicizing issues.
		We are asking the Prime Minister to draw a line between economics and politics, because once the issues are politicized the economy will stop flourishing and take us back 30 years.
	www.arabtimesonline.com /arabtimes/opinion/view.asp?msgid=387 (352 words)

	Political Liberalism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		American liberalism of the Cold War era was the immediate heir to Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal and the slightly more distant heir to the Progressives of the early twentieth century.
		Where the Civil Rights movement ultimately isolated liberals from erstwhile allies, the Vietnam War threw a wedge into the liberal ranks, dividing pro-war "hawks" such as Senator Henry M. Jackson from "doves" such as George McGovern.
		As of 2004, in recent years the term "liberalism" in the United States has become somewhat confused, applied to a broad spectrum of viewpoints.
	www.wikiverse.org /political-liberalism (3086 words)

	Prometheus: Comment on Science Academies as Issue Advocates
		For issues that go beyond decisions about science to decisions with or related to science that involve a broader set of societal stakeholders, I think that science academies should not seek to replicate or join the ranks of special interest groups advocating a particular solution.
		The way to deal with these issues is to ask the NAS to engage in policy issues explicitly and transparently, not as an issue advocate, but as an honest broker.
		I know these issues are nuanced and probably as foreign to climate science as climate science is to most policy scholars, so I appreciate your perseverence.
	sciencepolicy.colorado.edu /moveabletype/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=452 (5696 words)

	ALA \| Chang book review
		In 2003, the consideration of race in higher education admissions policies continued to be a volatile issue.
		Linda F. Wightman states that during the latter half of the twentieth century, standardized tests have played an "increasingly prominent role in the threat to diversity in higher education." The problem, she explains, is not the tests themselves, but in the way that test scores are used and interpreted.
		Wightman helps us to better comprehend this issue through her historical examination of the use of standardized tests in the higher education admissions process.
	www.ala.org /ala/acrl/acrlpubs/crljournal/crl2004/crlmarch04/changreview.htm (917 words)

	LWVMN Testimony Opposing a Unicameral Legislature (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When it was determined that this would be an important issue in this session of the legislature a statewide League committee was convened to study the issue through reading studies and hearing presentations from advocates and opponents.
		The American legislative process was not designed to allow legislators to opt out of highly politicized issues.
		The issue should be carefully scrutinized on its merits.
	www.lwvmn.org /Testimony20000207_Unicameral.asp (723 words)

	300-330
		How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media.
		The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more.
		This is an authoritative and critical overview of a range of issues surrounding this topic of perennial interest.
	www.daemen.edu /library/300-330.htm (874 words)

	Jefferson Article
		The goal of the program is to train a new kind of leaderone who can build bridges in the face of highly controversial issues, one who can take powerful stands to end oppression, and one who has a set of skills to bring people together across differences.
		NCBI campus teams are groups of students, faculty, and staff from all sectors of a college who lead diversity workshops, intervene in tough politicized controversial issues, and support each other to take ever more effective leadership toward the elimination of all oppression.
		The Universiy of Hawaii NCBI team has used the Controversial Issues Model to bring together people on all sides of the gay marrlage Issue and provide an opportunity tor them to truly listen to each other and seek common ground.
	www.campus-adr.org /Main_Library/Articles/Jefferson.html (1022 words)

	Debate over human embryonic stem cells continues - From The Laboratories at Baylor College of Medicine
		The issue of these controversial cells and the societal upheaval they promote was the focus of a recent two-day conference "Stem Cells: Saving Lives or Crossing Lines — Human Embryonic Stem Cell Policy" sponsored and hosted by the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University.
		Many people have real ethical issues involved with the use of human embryonic stem cells that cannot be ignored.
		When scientists themselves voiced concerns over genetic engineering or the gene splicing that is now at the heart of the nation's biotechnology industry, scientists established a voluntary moratorium and then worked out their differences and safety issues in a series of conferences culminating at Asilomar in 1975.
	www.bcm.edu /fromthelab/vol03/is10/04dec_n1.htm (2004 words)

	FIRE - Say it ain't so
		At issue were comments Summers made, at a January 14 conference, merely stating the obvious: that genetic differences between the sexes might in part account for women’s underrepresentation in math, science, and engineering, and that research must be conducted to answer the hard questions and devise remedies.
		He observed that as early as high school, boys often seem to perform better than girls in science and math, raising the possibility that the disparity might be due in some measure to innate differences in gender.
		THE MODERN university is the culmination of a 20-year trend of irrationalism marked by an increasingly totalitarian approach to highly politicized issues.
	www.thefire.org /index.php/article/5190.html (1435 words)

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