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Topic: Politics of Abkhazia

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Abkhazia

List of foreign ministers of Abkhazia

Ronald Reagan

	Abkhazia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Abkhazia (Abkhaz Аҧсны/Aphsny, Georgian აფხაზეთი/Apkhazeti, Russian Абха́зия/Abkhazia) is a region of 8,600 km² (3,300 sq.mi.) in the Caucasus.
		The Caucasus mountains on the north and northeast divide Abkhazia from Circassia; on the southeast it is bounded by Mingrelia (Samegrelo); and on the southwest by the Black Sea.
		Abkhazia was made an autonomous principality of the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century, a status it retained until the 9th century, when it was united with the Georgian kingdom of Imereti.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abkhazia (2891 words)

	Elections in Abkhazia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Abkhazia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.
		Still, on 12 October Abkhazia's Supreme Court, after a series of contradictory decisions by the Electoral Committee, recognized that the new president would be a businessman Sergei Bagapsh, accused by his rival's supporters of being pro-Georgian.
		Abkhazia's outgoing President Ardzinba claimed the decision was illegal and made under pressure from supporters of Bagapsh.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Abkhazia (447 words)

	Politics of Georgia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Georgian state is highly centralized, except for the autonomous regions of Abkhazia, Ajaria and South Ossetia, which are to be given autonomous status once Georgia's territorial integrity is restored.
		Currently, Russian peacekeepers, under the authority of the Commonwealth of Independent States, are stationed in Abkhazia, along with UN observers, but both groups have recently had to restrict their activities due to increased mining and guerrilla activity.
		The parliament has instituted wideranging political reforms supportive of higher human rights standards, because between 1992 and 2003 (before the Rose Revolution of November 21-November 23, 2003) the Georgian human rights situation had been complicated.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Georgia (513 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG - The Art (or Politics?) of Reviewing
		At that time Abkhazia was striving to achieve a new, constitutionally-based modus vivendi with the Georgian authorities in Tbilisi following the clashes with fatalities that had occurred in Sukhum and Ochamchira in July 1989.
		Abkhazia is now peaceful, he tells us, "though pockets of resistance have had to be mopped up in some of the villages".
		Ardzinba to be Abkhazia's Honorary Consul in the UK, not that this is a recognised office, given that Abkhazia itself remains an unrecognised state.
	www.abkhazia.org /art_of_politics.html (4244 words)

	5. Georgia-Abkhazia
		From their perspective, all major political, administrative, and economic decisions pertaining to the region were made in Tbilisi--beyond their direct control.
		Numerous Georgian laws were nullified in Abkhazia; all local enterprises and organizations, including military and police units, were placed under regional jurisdiction; and a special regiment of internal troops was created and placed under the command of the Presidium of the Abkhazian Supreme Soviet.
		Over the next year, the Abkhazians, who received substantial political and military assistance from volunteers from the Confederation of the Mountain People of the Caucasus (CMPC) and at least some assistance from local Russian military units,[2] were able to launch a counteroffensive and gradually re-establish control over "their" republic up to the Russian-Georgian border.
	www.rand.org /publications/CF/CF129/CF-129.chapter5.html (2625 words)

	Georgians and Abkhazians. The Search for a Peace Settlement Chp 2 Part 2
		First, I wanted to show why it was that, once the cultural and political elites of both peoples felt free to express their visions (which started to happen around 1988), they would inevitably clash, and since it was these political visions of sovereignty that commanded human minds, there were grounds for a serious conflict.
		A higher political culture in a normative sense - whether to be explained by different civic culture in general or by the more recent experience of political independence - may account for the success of Baltic political elites in preventing their "ethnic conflicts" with the Russian population from degenerating into violence.
		Moreover, several districts adjacent to Abkhazia were actually controlled by pro-Gamsakhurdia groups openly hostile to the new government (the population of these districts, as well as most ethnic Georgians in Abkhazia, are Megrelians, which is a distinct sub-ethnic group in Georgia to which Gamsakhurdia also belonged and which was more supportive of him).
	poli.vub.ac.be /publi/Georgians/chp0202.html (4797 words)

	Chad Nagle Elections In Abkhazia Old Town Review Politics
		Abkhazia shares a border with Russia, but although the Abkhaz have maintained a consistently pro-Russian orientation in their push for recognition, the Russians have cooperated with the international blockade of Abkhazia, making sure that the border remains closed to foreigners.
		This brought a rapid increase in the Georgian population at the expense of the Abkhaz.
		In 1990 Abkhazia declared itself a sovereign republic, and in March 1991, Abkhazia’s voters approved Gorbachev’s referendum on a new Union of Sovereign States, as the USSR was imploding.
	www.fluxfactory.org /otr/nagleabkhazia.htm (3262 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG - Georgia: Contemporary Life and Politics
		From c.780 to 975 the term 'Abkhazia' was generally used to refer to the whole of Western Georgia.
		The arrival of Georgian troops in Abkhazia under Gen. Mazniev/Mazniashvili in June was regarded by Abkhazians as a military occupation.
		With the political demise of Gorbachev in 1991, who was left to benefit from the boundless gratitude that those same Western leaders were keen to shower on someone in the wake of the collapse of the USSR, the freeing of Eastern Europe and the reunification of Germany?
	www.abkhazia.org /georgia.html (3994 words)

	Unrecognized republic of Abkhazia elects president - PRAVDA.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The authorities of the former Soviet republic of Georgia announced that the presidential election in Abkhazia was illegitimate.
		Georgian officials were especially perturbed with the fact that several Russian top officials had visited Abkhazia on the threshold of the elections: the Russian deputy prosecutor general Vladimir Kolesnikov and the well-known singer and businessman Joseph Kobzon.
		Khajimba told reporters at his poll in Abkhazia's capital Sukhumi that he would continue striving for the complete rupture of relations with Georgia and for the international recognition of Abkhazia.
	english.pravda.ru /printed.html?news_id=14369 (611 words)

	Documentaire: Abkhazia
		In Abkhazia, the state is extremely weak: the streets of the capital are lined with burnt houses and destroyed buildings.
		The task of the Minister of Education is to reinvent Abkhazia as a state, with a language and a culture, through education.
		The Georgian military occupation was brutal to all in Abkhazia.
	www.documentaire.com /caucasus/Abkhazia.html (9687 words)

	Abkhazia, Georgia
		Abkhazia claimed de-facto independence from Georgia in 1993 after a war in which the separatists were supported by Moscow.
		Abkhazia is drafting a plan for closer ties to Russia and which is supported by "an overwhelming majority of Abkhaz people," Dzhergeniya said, adding however that "Abkhazia is not going to become part of Russia."
		Abkhazia's vice president, Valery Arshba, did not rule out the possibility that Abkhazia may join Russia, telling Interfax that a referendum could be held to decide the issue.
	www.cdi.org /russia/Johnson/5498-7.cfm (430 words)

	Peacekeeping an explosive issue in Abkhazia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the district along the Inguri river – which marks the administrative border between the breakaway republic of Abkhazia and Georgia – kidnappings, banditry and landmine explosions are a frequent occurrence.
		Before President George W. Bush chose the career diplomat last July to be Washington’s man in Moscow, Vershbow was the U.S. envoy to NATO headquarters in Brussels, serving during an extremely tense episode in the two countries’ relationship, the 1999 bombing of Yugoslavia by the U.S.-led alliance, which Russia vehemently opposed.
		AV: We hope to issue a political declaration we call a new strategic framework, which will lay out a broad agenda for joint work in transparency and a range of other security issues, including missile defense, which we hope from this point forward will become an area of cooperation and not dispute.
	www.russiajournal.com /fan/russia_6191_4339_news.htm (2386 words)

	Russian-Georgian war in Abkhazia
		Russian military command in Abkhazia continues barbarian bombing of residential districts of Sukhumi, peaceful population is exterminated.
		During the war first political steps of junta was forbidding of all meetings and demonstrations, of all parties and movements of President's supporters, closure of the free newspaper "Agdgoma" ("Ressuection") in Sukhumi.
		By that reason Georgian political prisoners of so called "Kvareli forest case" refused to participate in such court comedy, what caused fury of authorities and several prisoners were sprayed with toxic gas by escort directly in the court hall, what is unprecedented brutality towards prisoners in the world's juridical practice ("Iberia-Spectrum", 11-17 May, 1993).
	www.geocities.com /shavlego/abkhaz_1.html (11241 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Many in Abkhazia are convinced that Tbilisi is preparing for a new attempt to resolve the dispute with Sukhum by military means.
		Abkhazia's authorities say that they are capable of mobilising more than 10,000 experienced fighters, should hostilities break out.
		The manager of Abkhazia's only real-estate business, Beslan Kvitsinia, said that he had not done a single deal in the last two months and his office was on the brink of bankruptcy.
	www.iwpr.net /archive/cau/cau_200204_125_2_eng.txt (796 words)

	From Petersburg with politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There are a number of common traits among those of Russia's political elite who originate from the former imperial capital, and these traits have been essential to their political careers.
		Putin appeared on Moscow's political scene in the summer of 1996 when he was appointed (rumor has it at Chubais' behest) deputy to the "mighty" head of the president's Household Affairs Department, Pavel Borodin.
		The closest he came to politics was when he said that the main problem was Abkhazia’s future status.
	www.russiajournal.com /fan/russia_3719_57_news.htm (1844 words)

	Report from Abkhazia
		Are they so blinded by their love of…him?” “Him” — the Unmentionable in Abkhazia is Eduard Shevardnadze, Georgia’s president and the man once hailed as the co-architect of perestroika when he served as Mikhail Gorbachev’s foreign minister.
		Geography strengthens the embargo: lodged between the Caucasus and the Black Sea, Abkhazia is bounded by the river Pso to the north and the Inguri to the south.
		In Abkhazia, meanwhile, the toll of the recent turmoil weighs heavily on the present.
	www.aliciapatterson.org /APF1804/Meier/Meier.html (2727 words)

	Russia, Abkhazia, Georgia
		Bandit warlords fought for power, and when Abkhazia - a coastal province that was once the Soviet Union's premier holiday destination - attempted an armed secession, the government in Tbilisi was ultimately unable to keep it from going.
		Abkhazia has gone on full alert and reported yesterday that its forces had captured 10 guerrillas.
		If the Georgian leadership is prepared to take upon itself full responsibility for what is going on in the territory of Abkhazia, including providing for the security of representatives of international organizations, UN ("and we know that they came under attack," said Vladimir Putin), Russia is ready to withdraw its peacekeepers.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/5490-4.cfm (2081 words)

	List of political parties in Georgia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Georgia has a multi-party system, with at the moment only one strong party.
		Index of political parties to browse parties by name
		List of political parties by ideology to browse parties by name
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Georgia (97 words)

	RUSSIAN-GEORGIAN WAR IN THE WESTERN GEORGIA (MEGRELIA, ABKHAZIA, SVANETI)
		Abkhazia was a good rear for Megrelia and a bridge of communication with the rest of the world.
		Thus, the Georgian population of Abkhazia occurred to be the hostages in the hands of Abkhazian extremists, CMPC and "Kazaks".
		Thus, in spite of all political and military efforts of legal authorities of Georgia and the sacrifice of President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the genocide and ethnic cleansing of Georgian population (Megrelians) in Abkhazia was carried out as the Kremlin and its puppets in Tbilisi planned it.
	www.geocities.com /shavlego/war_wg_1.htm (8987 words)

	Georgia - Oil Politics
		Pipeline construction on the western route was suspended briefly in October 1998 because of the fighting between government forces and those led by Akaki Eliava.
		Georgia has expressed a willingness to grant Abkhazia some autonomy, and talks to resolve the standoff have included proposals to route future oil pipelines across the rebel region, on the premise that economic cooperation could help bring peace to the region.
		The port of Supsa, the terminus of the western route for "early oil" from the AIOC, is 12 miles from a buffer zone between Abkhazia and Georgia.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/georgia/oil-politics.htm (403 words)

	Abkhazia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		1520 Arsqan Shirvashidze [Azra Khan], Prince of Abkhazia, son and heir of Salomoni I Shirvashidze, Prince of Abkhazia.
		Confirmed as ruler of Abkhazia by the Sultan, for aiding the Turks against the Persians.
		A relative of Mancha [Manuchar] Shirvashidze, Prince of Abkhazia.
	4dw.net /royalark/Georgia/abkhazia.htm (1479 words)

	Online Magazine - Civil Georgia
		Many observers think the Abkhaz election code, which states that a presidential candidate should have lived in Abkhazia for at least five years prior to his running for president, was created in order to directly bar Kazan from participating in the presidential race.
		Abkhazia is experiencing various degrees of the same Ardzinba philosophy.
		The sovereignty of Abkhazia must be respected on Abkhaz terms, not those of Tbilisi.
	www.civil.ge /eng/article.php?id=7986 (839 words)

	ABKHAZIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In Abkhazia, Georgia, during the period after 1993 tragedy, despite the efforts of Georgia, World Community and mediator-countries towards the peaceful settlement of the conflict, Georgians genocide and ethnic cleansing continues.
		This criminal policy, direct against human values and humanity, aims at the change of historically established demographic reality in Abkhazia (Georgia) by violent means and tearing away from Georgia of its ancient and inseparable land of Abkhazia.
		It is well-known and internationally acknowledged fact after the cease-fire agreement and deployment of CIS Peace-Keeping Forces in Abkhazia in 1994, until now the Abkhaz separatists committed many punitive operations against the ethic Georgians in Gali district.
	www.parliament.ge /GENERAL/HotPoints/ABKHAZIA/fact2026.htm (4059 words)

	Presidential election scheduled in Abkhazia
		At today's session, the parliament of the Republic of Abkhazia has made a decision to conduct the presidential election in the republic on October 3, 2004.
		In accordance with the law, a citizen of the Republic of Abkhazia, Abkhaz by ethnicity, with fluent knowledge of the official language, not younger than 35 and not older than 65, a voter, permanently resident in the Republic of Abkhazia for at least five years before the election date, may become president of the republic.
		The president of Abkhazia is elected for five years.
	eng.kavkaz.memo.ru /newstext/engnews/id/684072.html (110 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Electoral Politics in Georgia May Have Negative Impact on Abkazia Settlement Search
		Abkhazia itself remains unstable, a fact demonstrated by the recent kidnapping of a Russian member of the CIS peacekeeping forces.
		Domestic political maneuvering in Tbilisi during the run-up to the November 2 parliamentary vote is helping to stoke tension in Abkhazia, political experts say.
		Given Georgia’s fractious opposition, and with no political party expected to win an outright majority in the next parliament, there is the chance that the give-and-take of parliamentary coalition building could leave Nadareishvili and other hardliners with a disproportionately large amount of influence in Georgian domestic politics.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav100703.shtml (941 words)

	Chechen variant possible in Abkhazia
		In his interview with the Caucasian Knot correspondent, Musa Shanibov, the former chairman of the Confederation of Mountain Peoples, raised deep concern about the situation in Abkhazia.
		In particular, he said that Abkhazia faced the most dangerous problem.
		And this problem is created by those who traditionally consider both the authorities and people their property.
	eng.kavkaz.memo.ru /newstext/engnews/id/722300.html (178 words)

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