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Topic: Politics of Austria

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List of political parties in Austria

National Council of Austria

Austria legislative election, 2002

Elections in Austria

Federal Council of Austria

List of Federal Presidents of Austria

President of Austria

Chancellor of Austria

List of political parties in Panama

Federal Assembly of Austria

List of political parties in the United Kingdom

Social Democratic Party of Austria

Austrian presidential election, 2004

History of Austria

List of political parties in India

	Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy consisting of nine federal states and is one of two European countries that have declared permanent neutrality, the other being Switzerland.
		Austria is a member of the United Nations (since 1955) and the European Union (since 1995).
		Austria is a largely mountainous country due to its location in the Alps.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austria (3285 words)

	Politics of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Politics of Austria takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Chancellor is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.
		The constitutional framework of the Politics of Austria and the marrow of the constitution's practical implementation are widely agreed to be robust and adequately conducive to peaceful change.
		Aside from the fact that the states of Austria lack an independent judiciary on the one hand and that their autonomy is largely notional on the other hand, Austria's government structure is surprisingly similar to that of incomparably larger federal republics such as Germany or the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Austria (2027 words)

	Austria. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In Upper and Lower Austria and in Burgenland, tillage agriculture predominates: the chief crops are potatoes, sugar beets, fruit, barley, rye, and oats.
		Austria is located at the crossroads of Europe; Vienna is at the gate of the Danubian plain, and the Brenner Pass in W Austria links Germany and Italy.
		Austria captured world attention in 1986 when former UN secretary-general Kurt Waldheim was elected president despite allegations that he had been involved in atrocities as a German army staff officer in the Balkans during World War II.
	www.bartleby.com /65/au/Austria.html (3380 words)

	Austria
		After being conquered by the Romans, Huns, Lombards, Ostrogoths, Bavarians and Franks, Austria came under the rule of the Babenbergs from the 10th to the 13th century, which were succeeded by the Habsburgs.
		Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938 (the "Anschluss").
		Austria has been the birthplace for several famous composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johann Strauss, Sr.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/au/Austrian.html (818 words)

	Austria - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy consisting of nine federal states and is one of two European countries that have declared their everlasting neutrality, the other being Switzerland.
		During the 14th and 15th century Austria continued to expand its territory until it reached the position of a European imperial power at the end of the 15th century until the end of the Habsburg monarchy in 1918.
		Austria's capital Vienna is one of Europe's major cities with a population exceeding 1.6 million (2 million with suburbs) and constitutes a melting pot of citizens from all over Central and Eastern Europe.
	austria.quickseek.com (6543 words)

	ipedia.com: Austria Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Austria is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Sl...
		N.B. Although Austria is a federal republic, its official title is "the Republic of Austria" (not "the Federal Republic of Austria").
		After being conquered by the Romans, Huns, Lombards, Ostrogoths, Bavarii and Franks, Austria was under the rule of the Babenbergs from the 10th to the 13th century.
	www.ipedia.com /austria.html (1208 words)

	Austria - Wikitravel
		Austria (German: Österreich) is a land-locked alpine country in Central Europe bordering with Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west, Germany and Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east and Slovenia and Italy to the south.
		Austria is a member of the European Union and the Eurozone.
		Austria has many great universities, and Graz in particular is renowned as a center of learning, with no less than six universities.
	wikitravel.org /en/Austria (5461 words)

	Austria - Gurupedia
		The Republic of Austria is a landlocked country in Central Europe, a federation of nine states.
		Although the Republic of Austria is a federal republic, it's name is not "Federal Republic of Austria" but "Republic of Austria".
		After the defeat of the Nazis, the Allies occupied Austria at the end of World War II until 1955, when the country again became a fully independent republic under the condition that it remained neutral.
	www.gurupedia.com /a/au/austria.htm (1075 words)

	From Precision and Soul: Politics in Austria
		It is not the idea of the state, not the dynastic principle, not the idea of a cultural symbiosis of different peoples (Austria could be a world experiment): apparently the whole thing is really only motion in the absence of a driving idea, like the weaving of a bicyclist who isn't going forward.
		At that time he was already frequenting the most aristocratic houses and reciting his poems at teas, and the bourgeois press would certainly not have been able to resist this light-fingered hair-calligrapher for long, for being high-strung is the press's weakness as well.
		Even elsewhere this antithesis has only expressed itself in a very preliminary and distorted way-in the intellectual circle of liberalism-and is temporarily concealed by the economic antithesis "proletariat-property," although this latter is only a smoothing of the road for the march.
	faculty.washington.edu /vienna/documents/Musil/Musil_Precision.htm (1370 words)

	Rüdiger Wischenbart: Immigration Culture - Politics in Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In Austria a second and also a third generation was born to the immigrants.
		In Austria, the Salzburg festival and the Vienna opera house, but also the young artists and writers were considered to be crucial when it came to define and represent the country.
		Despite the political conservatism under the rearguard regime of Habsburg, the avantgarde movement of the Secession in the Arts could easely consider itself within a wider European framework of modernism.
	www.wischenbart.com /03_central-Europe-balkan/03_artikel-allgem/03_Immigration-policy-austria-Hungary-Czech.htm (3325 words)

	Foreign & Commonwealth Office Country Profiles
		Austria is a Federal Republic in which executive authority is divided between nine provinces and the federal bodies in Vienna.
		Austria, together with Finland, the next holder of the Presidency, has committed itself to ensuring that the work of the Council 2006 contributes to economic and social welfare, protection of the environment, freedom and security of Europe's citizens and strengthening the role of the Union in the world.
		Austria is the President of the Council of the EU from January to June 2006.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029394365&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1019061801856 (1492 words)

	Austria - Government and Politics
		In contrast to the interwar period, when domestic political rivalries and foreign intervention brought the system of government set out by the constitution of 1920 to a standstill, after World War II this reestablished parliamentary democracy functioned smoothly in what came to be termed the Second Republic.
		At times, Austria's political system seemed impervious to change, but by the middle of the 1980s, it had become clear that far-reaching social and economic trends were beginning to affect the country's politics.
		The strong emotions unleashed inside Austria by this matter showed that the older generation is still reluctant to discuss the country's role in the Nazi era.
	countrystudies.us /austria/100.htm (751 words)

	The Militant - Vol.63/No.36 - October 18, 1999 -- Ultrarightist gains in Austria elections
		Reflecting the growing polarization of politics in Austria the Greens also gained, rising from 4.8 percent in 1995 to 7.1 percent now, while the Liberal Forum fell from 5.5 percent to 2.9 percent and will not be seated in parliament.
		This puts Austria's military capacity and alliances, as well as the issue of refugees from the Yugoslav wars, at the top of the political agenda.
		Austria "was not a Nazi country before these elections and is not one after them," he stated.
	www.themilitant.com /1999/6336/633647.html (1019 words)

	[No title]
		Though they didn't cause any real backlash in Austria, and arguably helped his outsider status that garnered him more votes, it began to plant the thought in many people's minds that Haider was more useful as a check on the two major parties rather than serving as one of their replacements.
		Austrian politics can be a complicated story but Hobelt manages to explore it engagingly, taking time to explain the nuances of that country.
		Politics and history continue to come into conflict in Austria and the politician that can take advantage of that can go a long way.
	www.enterstageright.com /archive/articles/0703/0703defiantpopulist.txt (931 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Politics of Austria [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Template:Politics of Austria The ethnically and culturally homogenous nation state of Austria is the small but prosperous remnant of Austria-Hungary, a vast multinational empire foundered in 1918.
		As of the beginning of the twenty-first century, Austria's Second Republic presents itself as a stable and unharried federal republic with a written constitution, governed according to the principles of representative democracy and the rule of law.
		Even though the Republic of Austria is just slightly larger than Maine, Scotland, or Hokkaidō;, and even though it is home to an ethnically and culturally homogenous population of barely more than eight million people, Austria's constitution characterizes the republic as a federation consisting of nine autonomous federal states.
	encyclozine.com /Politics_of_Austria (1697 words)

	IRR: Austria Extreme-Right politics
		Belatedly, Austria is implementing the EU 2000 anti-discrimination and anti-racism legislation, which should have been in place last year.
		In the Landtag (provincial parliament elections) in Upper Austria and the Tyrol, the Freedom Party was clearly defeated.
		The web-journal Evil Austria is concerned that undue FPÖ; pressure has led to the appointment of Christian Romanoski to head the asylum section of the Ministry of the Interior.
	www.irr.org.uk /europebulletin/austria/extreme_right_politics (471 words)

	Country Studies - Austria: Electoral Politics in the Kreisky Era
		Kreisky had been imprisoned in the mid- and late 1930s for political activity, but the Nazi regime eventually allowed him to emigrate to Sweden, where he became acquainted with Swedish socialism and met Willy Brandt, the future leader of the German Social Democrats.
		Kreisky returned to Austria after the war and by the early 1950s was working in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and becoming active in party politics.
		Although he was not a member of the SPÖ, Kirchschläger, a practicing Catholic and a political independent, was a Kreisky associate, having been brought into Kreisky's cabinet in 1970.
	www.photoglobe.info /ebooks/austria/cstudies_austria_0060.html (664 words)

	Foreign Affairs - The Politics of Guilt: Austria's Bigot, Europe's Burden - Andrew Nagorski
		In Haider's case, the politics of guilt -- portraying his popularity as the result of his appeal to neo-Nazi sentiments -- obscures the real reasons for his rise.
		Austria's two major parties, the Socialists and the People's Party, ruled in a "grand coalition" from 1945 to 1966 and again from 1986 to 1999, shamelessly dividing the spoils of jobs and contracts in a still heavily state-dominated economy.
		Austria's neighbors have remained unrelenting, even after Haider resigned as the leader of his party.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /20000501facomment41/andrew-nagorski/the-politics-of-guilt-austria-s-bigot-europe-s-burden.html (598 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Politics of Austria - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Federal Assembly of Austria, or parliament, is composed of two houses - the National Council (Nationalrat), or lower house, and the Federal Council (Bundesrat), or upper house.
		The SPO in the past advocated heavy state involvement in Austria's key industries, the extension of social security benefits, and a full-employment policy.
		The People's Party advocates conservative financial policies and privatization of much of Austria's nationalized industry and finds support from farmers, large and small business owners, and lay Catholic groups, mostly in the rural regions of Austria.
	www.kidsseek.com /encyclopedia-wiki/po/Politics_of_Austria (1379 words)

	Zipple.com - The Jewish Supersite - Austria pledges $150 million restitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The new money is in addition to nearly $150 million Austria promised in October for interim restitution payments.
		In May, months after a similar settlement by Germany, Austria agreed to pay $395 million to roughly 150,000 former slave and forced laborers.
		Austria has resisted paying for Jewish property looted through the Nazis' so-called Aryanization program, and has not been forthcoming about either the return of seized lands that are now public or insurance companies that never paid the claims of Holocaust victims.
	www.zipple.com /newsandpolitics/internationalnews/20001226_austria_restitution.shtml (557 words)

	ipedia.com: Politics of Austria Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The governors of Austria's nine Länder (provinces) are elected by the provincial legislatures.
		The People's Party advocates conservative financial policies and privatization of much of Austria's nationalized industry and finds support from farmers, large and small business owners, and lay Catholic groups, but also from voters without party affiliation, with strongholds in the rural regions of Austria.
		Political pressure groups and lobbies Austrian Trade Union Federation - ÖGB; Economic Chamber Austria - WKO; League of Austrian Industrialists - VOeI; Chamber of Labor - AK, Conference of the Presidents of Farmers' Chambers.
	www.ipedia.com /politics_of_austria.html (1345 words)

	JTW News - Austria's petty politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Austria, just two days ahead of Turkey's scheduled Monday, Oct. 3 start to talks, challenged the consensus among EU members for the day set for the opening of accession talks with Turkey, and suggested more critical changes to Turkey's negotiating framework.
		Austria is one of the 25 EU members who signed the European Council decisions of 2004 which set Oct 3.
		Austria conveyed several critical amendments on Thursday, one of which was a total deletion of the wording, "The shared objective of the negotiations is accession." EU diplomats said that these Austrian demands had surprised all the other members, and currently Austria is the sole member challenging the negotiating framework draft.
	www.turkishweekly.net /news.php?id=20285 (1174 words)

	rediff.com: Varsha Bhosle draws lessons from the politics of Austria
		The sanctions against Austria will include: halting bilateral contacts; excluding Austrian officials from all unofficial talks and engagements; the suspension of political ties; limiting ambassadorial contacts to a technical level; and refusing to support Austrians for posts in international orgs.
		In October, pundits predicted "such political instability that another election will be necessary within a year." Respected statesman and former Chancellor Franz Vranitzky warned that Austria risked isolation because of the FP.
		It is one thing for citizens to rustle up opinion among fellow citizens, and quite another for foreign countries to twist the arm of a government because their people may or may not like things as done elsewhere.
	www.rediff.com /news/2000/feb/07varsha.htm (1182 words)

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