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	ipedia.com: Catalonia Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya, Spanish: Cataluña, French: Catalogne) is a region and Spanish autonomous region (Comunidad autónoma) in the north-east of the Spanish state.
		Catalonia constitutes the original nucleus and the most important and extensive territory of Catalan language and culture, but the norm in Catalonia is Catalan-Castilian bilingualism, and this is one of the first things the visitor notices upon entering the territory.
		The Spanish autonomous comunity of Catalonia borders on Valencia to the south, Aragon to the west, France and Andorra to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east and southeast.
	fav.ipedia.com /catalonia.html (1304 words)

	Chapter 24: A History of Spain and Portugal, vol. 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Political and social ideologies derived from the [597] achievements of the most advanced countries were being advanced in a Spain whose economy was not yet prepared to accommodate their demands.
		With much of the public apathetic or having lost confidence in political change, the last four years of the parliamentary system were dominated by two issues--the social struggle with the revolutionary movements, mainly the anarchists, and the disastrous military effort to subdue the native kabyles of the Moroccan Protectorate.
		This new republican radicalism had developed in a political vacuum, in a mood of emotion and hatred; it was doctrinaire and sectarian, rejecting the compromise tactics of historic parliamentarianism, with which it had little or no acquaintance.
	libro.uca.edu /payne2/payne24.htm (20565 words)

	Odontocat: History of Catalonia < The Fall of Barcelona and the Abolition of the Generalitat
		Catalonia, now reduced to the two fortified areas of Barcelona and Cardona, had to choose between surrendering and continuing the struggle in its own defense.
		The new system of government of Catalonia, provisionally established in 1714, was definitively established by the Royal Decree of Nueva Planta (Reorganization) approved by the Council of Castile on 16 January 1716.
		Political life was centred on the Madrid Court from whichcame all decisions affecting the government of Catalonia.
	www.odontocat.com /angles/history5.htm (1143 words)

	Catalonia - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya, Spanish: Cataluña, Aranese: Catalonha, French: Catalogne) is an Autonomous Community of Spain, in the north-east corner of the country.
		Catalonia constitutes the original nucleus and the most important and extensive territory where Catalan is spoken.
		Catalan is one of the two official languages of Catalonia, as laid down in the Catalan Statute of Autonomy http://www10.gencat.net/gencat/AppJava/cat/generalitat/estatut/index.jsp; the other is Castilian (Spanish), which is the majority language of Spain and official in all of Spain as laid down by the 1978 Spanish Constitution.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=6822 (3285 words)

	Catalonia - History, geography, politics and more information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Catalonia's traditional competitive advantages are being seriously eroded as lack of local and central government investment in public infrastructure (roads, schools, university research, etc.) becomes increasingly apparent.
		Catalan is one of the two official languages of Catalonia, as laid down in the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, the other is Castilian (Spanish), which is the majority language of Spain and official in all of Spain as laid down by the 1978 Spanish Constitution.
		One of the keys to Catalan politics is the fact that Barcelona, because it attracts migrants from all over Spain and Latin America, is a majority Spanish-speaking city, particularly in working-class areas, while the rural regions, and the middle- and upper-class urban areas, remain solidly Catalan-speaking.
	www.spanishholidaysguide.com /articles/article_40.asp (3195 words)

	Politics of Catalonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the 19th and 20th centuries, Catalonia was one of the main centres of Spanish industrialisation.
		Catalan nationalist and federalist movements arose in the nineteenth century, and when the Second Republic was declared in 1931, Catalonia became an autonomous region.
		There was a significant political controversy in Spain as a result of the Catalan parliament's proposed draft of a replacement Autonomy Statute (supported by some 90% of the parliament's elected deputies) which sought to define Catalonia as a 'nation'[1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Catalonia (1132 words)

	A Medieval Catalan Noble Family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In Catalonia both political and social changes were spurred by increases in population and wealth that became especially notable in the late tenth and early eleventh century.
		It was a period in Catalonia when counts lost and regained control over the aristocracy, when the bases for a "feudal monarchy" were laid, and when the economic benefits of authority were spread to a wider class of individuals whose social behavior was governed by the rules of knighthood.
		This book describes the political and social context in which [7] the Montcada family was founded, its relation to the church of Barcelona in the pre-Gregorian era, and the economic significance of the new form of exploitive lordship in the eleventh century.
	libro.uca.edu /montcada/intro.htm (2185 words)

	World Policy Institute - Research Projects
		The CDC understands that an independent Catalonia would not be able to be truly independent from its parent state; economic growth and prosperity depend on close economic relations between Catalonia and Spain and the other states of the EU.
		Catalonia's emphasis on economic development makes it "willing to adapt to any transformation which in practical terms means that material progress in Catalonia has gone beyond the original boundaries and surpassed the rigid structure which the political powers placed on its development."
		Catalonia's economic might is built upon a diversified industrial base and its role as a center for foreign investment.
	www.worldpolicy.org /projects/eurasia/barcel/panel2.html (2002 words)

	Catalonia steps up to challenge Spain - Europe - International Herald Tribune
		The debate in Barcelona has already created a political headache for Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, a Socialist, who is being portrayed by the conservative opposition as preparing to open the door to the Balkanization of Spain.
		Catalonia, a region of about seven million people in Spain's northeastern corner, is one of the country's economic engines, accounting for 18 percent of gross domestic product.
		Catalonia's golden age, they say, was in the 12th and 13th centuries, before the region fell under the control of the unified Spanish state created by Ferdinand and Isabella in the late 1400s.
	www.iht.com /articles/2005/09/28/news/spain.php (975 words)

	Surefire Articles
		Catalonia shares it's northern border with the countries of Andorra and France in the mountainous Pyrenees.
		Catalonia comprises four provinces, Girona, Barcelona, Tarragona and Lleida, all are named after their capitals.
		The Spanish region of Catalonia by ken jones Catalonia shares it's northern border with the countries of Andorra and France in the mountainous Pyrenees.
	www.surefirearticles.com /ezineready.php?id=1152 (2803 words)

	Catalan_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		It is co-official in the Spanish regions of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia.
		The latest political controversy regarding Valencian occurred on the occasion of the drafting of the European Constitution in 2004.
		Barcelona was the pre-eminent city and port of the Aragonese Empire, a confederation nominally ruled by the King of Aragon (Aragon, Catalonia, Roussillon, Valencia, the Balearic Islands, Sicily, and â” later â” Sardinia and Naples).
	www.school-explorer.com /Catalan (2438 words)

	Nationalism: the Catalan debate
		Nationalism is the political attitude derived from the attribution of a superlative value to the nation and national attributes in ethical and political spheres.
		Catalanism is a political movement or a personal sentiment while nationalism is something which belongs to the "ethico-political." As a consequence, Catalanism is a political or personal attitude equivalent to other attitudes, such as that towards democracy and the form of government.
		However, at the level of practical politics and social organisation, it does not start from zero and the articulation of a fair and democratic procedure of construction is neither as obvious nor as simple as the abstract notion of citizenship might suggest.
	www.theglobalsite.ac.uk /times/104catalonia.htm (5305 words)

	The Hindu : Opinion / News Analysis : Pay homage to Catalonia
		The statute is the new era in European politics.
		Even today, London politics derides the experience of Scottish and Welsh devolution, assuming that the natives regret its extravagant budgets and costly architecture and would rather return to metropolitan direct rule.
		The fiasco of Northern Ireland, with its peace walls, political gangs, religious primitivism, and colonial rule, is put down to the impossibility of the Irish.
	www.hindu.com /2006/06/22/stories/2006062204001100.htm (997 words)

	[No title]
		In restive Catalonia, local political life was parceled out between the Lliga Regionalista (Regionalist League), a bloc of right-wing autonomist groups favored by the manufacturers, and the Radical Republican Party, a political machine led by an unscrupulous demagogue, Alejandro Lerroux y Garcia.
		Politically and organizationally, the Spanish Socialist Party had become another branch in the tree of European Social Democracy: opportunistic in method and reformist in policy.
		The army's role in politics was curbed, the Carlists were slowly assimilated into the established order, and the labor movement was periodically crushed when its growth became worrisome.
	lemming.mahost.org /library/tsa/raw/tsa07.txt (10481 words)

	Amazon.com: Catalonia: Books: Kenneth McRoberts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Catalonia presents an interesting instance of what are termed 'minority nations' or stateless nations'.
		At the same time, Catalonia offers important insights for many of the key political and social issues currently under debate in North America and provides one of the strongest claims that nationalism can be 'civic' rather than 'ethnic'.
		Catalonia's political situation is also covered, though to the uninitiated the dizzying array of parties may become confusing (the appendix to Orwell's "Homage to Catalonia" comes to mind).
	www.amazon.com /Catalonia-Kenneth-McRoberts/dp/0195414810 (865 words)

	Why Britain should pay homage to Catalonia \| Special Reports \| Guardian Unlimited Politics
		For most Britons, last weekend's vote for greater autonomy for Spanish Catalonia was a quirk of a people still emerging from the political dark ages.
		The statue is the new era in European politics.
		The vote was a political success for the charismatic Catalan leader, Pasqual Maragall, and for Spain's new socialist prime minister, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.
	politics.guardian.co.uk /wales/comment/0,,1802330,00.html (993 words)

	FT.com / Comment & analysis / Editorial comment - Hostage to Catalonia
		Its federal political system - despite tensions with the Basques and Catalans - must be accounted a success.
		Yet in a speech last Friday Gen Mena referred to the Catalan regional government's plans to expand its powers as a repetition of pre-civil war history (he referred to the May 1932 debates on the Catalan autonomy statute).
		Its demand that Catalonia be considered a "nation" reflects a cultural desire supported democratically by its people.
	news.ft.com /cms/s/f6efe9d6-817d-11da-8b55-0000779e2340.html (532 words)

	Ricardo Ruiz de Querol - Cable politics in Catalonia...
		At the same time, in adjudicating to Al-Pi, a subsidiary of France Télécom, the privatisation of its corporate network in 1998, the Catalan government obtained a commitment to the development of a fibre optic network which was to have connected Catalonia's regional capitals by 2001.
		In thus backing operators that were alternatives to Telefónica, the local and autonomous authorities brought dynamism to a sector traditionally dominated by a state-wide monopoly.
		The signing at the end of 2000 of an agreement between Telefónica, the Catalan government and the Localret consortium of municipalities guaranteeing the rapid development of such technology in Catalonia meant tacit recognition of the authorities' change of strategy.
	www.uoc.edu /in3/dt/20102/index.html (291 words)

	Catalonia, Politics and Supply Chain
		The motivation behind the decision was to reduce the influence of Catalonia on this Aragonian region with more of 90% Catalan native speakers (the highest percentage of Catalan native speakers in any region in the world).
		Thanks God, we do not have (yet) any child molester among the political elite, but we have pretty much everything else: politicians that go the Full Monty, actors that shit on the establishment, politicians' wives that refer to their political opponents as sons of a bitch, and so on.
		And between a mediocre independent Catalonia or a mediocre Spain (with a mediocre Catalonia as part of it), I would chose the latter.
	ianllorens.blogspot.com (2591 words)

	New Statesman - Catalan cry
		The book centres on the inseparability of FC Barcelona from the politics of Catalonia, with sufficient time given to matters of the playing field and politics/history to gratify both the football and the political bore.
		The result of this rigorous investigation is a panorama of stories from all angles, among them the memorable anecdote that the maroon and blue shirts are almost certainly derived from the rugby shirts of Merchant Taylors', the Wittys' English public school.
		Franco's repression of all things Catalan left FC Barcelona as the remaining expression of Catalan separatism; and the regime's favouritism for Real Madrid, allied to the decline of Espanol (the second team of the city of Barcelona, formed by Castilian immigrants), engendered the rivalry between the two clubs.
	www.newstatesman.com /199907190046 (885 words)

	Catalonia gains greater autonomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Voters in the northeastern Spanish region of Catalonia opted to seize key powers of self-government on Sunday in a historic referendum to gain greater autonomy from Madrid.
		Before casting his vote, the Catalonia regional government's President Pasqual Maragall said the referendum was "the most important day since the constitution was signed in 1978 and (Catalonia's) first statute," in 1979, during Spain's transition to democracy.
		Together with the Basque question, the Catalonia vote has become one of the most perilous political issues of his time in power.
	news.ninemsn.com.au /article.aspx?id=107141 (751 words)

	Politician bares all to shake up Catalonian obsession with nationalist politics
		Rivera has filled the streets of Barcelona and other Catalan cities with thousands of posters of him in the buff, modestly shielding himself with his hands.
		The election comes five months after voters in the region approved a charter that granted Catalonia sweeping new powers in areas such as tax revenue, the judiciary and infrastructure.
		Although Rivera doesn't pretend to be a serious contender for president, his party is hoping its mix of unconventional campaigning and a youth-friendly platform will help them win one seat in the 135-member Catalan parliament.
	www.cbc.ca /cp/Oddities/061007/K100702U.html (366 words)

	From Catalonia to Caledonia
		Politics from Catalonia, Europe and the world in English.
		In the Barcelona area, where there are millions of first and second generation immigrants from the south of Spain that moved there under Franco, this party has achieved about 80,000 votes, enough to go over the 3% threshold and thus gain 3 elected representatives.
		Ciudadanos are the equivalent of the Blavero movement and they share the same objective: to remove Catalan language and culture of the educational curriculum, to make our language an optional pastime, nothing more than a folkloric anecdote from the past.
	trenator.blogspot.com (2211 words)

	It’s official! Altre Tripartit at thebadrash.com
		It was confirmed this evening that the next government in Catalonia will be another ‘Tripartit’, the three-party left-wing coalition which governed until elections were called several months ago.
		Described in a press conference by ERC leader, Josep Lluis Carod Rovira, as ‘a new opportunity’ to establish stable, socially cohesive politics in Catalonia, the agreement between the Catalan Socialists (PSC), Republican Left (ERC) and Green Initiative (ICV) brings to a close several days of tough negotiations, newspaper editorials and blog debates.
		General governance in Catalonia was excellent under the Tripartit: to a great degree, all the coalition’s problems and mishaps were related to peripheral concerns.
	www.thebadrash.com /2006/11/06/its-official-altre-tripartit (588 words)

	The Tragic Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The collapse of the Catalan unions after the general strike of 1902 shifted the center of conflict from the economic to the political arena.
		The Radical Party was not merely a political organization; it was also a man, Alejandro Lerroux y Garc#a, and an institutionalized circus for plebeians.
		The judicial murder of Ferrer was an act not only of gross injustice but political stupidity.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/spain/tragic_book.html (4604 words)

	Odontocat:Catalonia
		The Demise of the Catalan Dynasty and the Growing Estrangement of the Crown (15th-17th centuries)
		Catalonia in the Context of 18th-century European Politics: the War of Succession (1702-1714)
		The Fall of Barcelona and the Abolition of the Generalitat (1714-1716)
	www.odontocat.com /angles/catalonia.htm (78 words)

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