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Topic: Politics of Indonesia

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	Indonesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indonesia's 18,108 islands, of which about 6,000 are inhabited, are scattered around the equator, giving the country a tropical climate.
		Indonesia's economy suffered greatly in the late 1990s, in part as a result of the financial crisis that struck most of Asia at the time.
		Indonesia's major trading partners are Japan, the United States and the surrounding nations of Singapore, Malaysia and Australia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indonesia (2401 words)

	Politics of Indonesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indonesia is a republic based on the 1945 constitution providing for a limited separation of executive, legislative, and judicial power.
		The governmental system has been described as "presidential with parliamentary characteristics." Following the Indonesian 1998 Revolution and the resignation of President Suharto, several political reforms were set in motion.
		Having served as rubberstamp bodies in the past, the DPR and MPR have gained considerable power and are increasingly assertive in oversight of the executive branch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia (766 words)

	Indonesia's Politics
		Indonesia's economy is in worse shape after three years of social and political upheaval.
		Despite all the social and political catastrophes of the past three years, Indonesia's economy actually is in worse shape than its polity.
		Indonesia must accomplish a range of urgent political and economic tasks in a limited time.
	www.worldandi.com /public/2001/july/indonesia.html (2346 words)

	The Art of Street Politics in Indonesia
		Political domination of the art world was achieved through enforced regulations which were extremely harmful to the artist and the art.
		Politics meant speaking out against injustice and was based on a deep and meaningful contact with the little people, a romanticized link to ‘the truth, or soul, of society’.
		Thus, ‘politics’ is anything that highlights the positioning of the rakyat in the social hierarchy and contests the way people in power go too far in abusing their rights over those who are lower in the social order.
	www.geocities.com /laineberman/Awas.htm (4215 words)

	Indonesia - Government and Politics
		This centralization was seen by Indonesia's leaders as necessary in a fragmented geographical and highly plural ethnic setting with a history of regional and ethnic rebellion.
		The post-1965 political party system was simplified with the institution of Golongan Karya, or Golkar, the de facto government party organized around functional groups in society.
		Indonesia's international image continued to suffer, however, from international criticism of its human rights record, particularly its suppression of an independence movement in East Timor.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/81.htm (807 words)

	Asia Times -
		Another aspect of the rise of radical Islam in Indonesia is that the political class is seeking to manipulate this force.
		The danger is that elements of the political elite are still playing to radical Islamic groups, or at the very least pandering to public sentiment vis-a-vis the unfairness of an international order dominated by the United States.
		Any loss of power from the civilian part of the political spectrum could be gained by the military, one of the few cohesive institutions in the country.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Southeast_Asia/EI18Ae04.html (1217 words)

	Instant Indonesia: Politics of Indonesia
		Kami bangsa Indonesia dengan ini menjatakan Kemerdekaan Indonesia.
		Indonesia is a dictatorship and the Dutch before them was even worse.
		In 1999 Indonesia finally, for the first time elected a democratic leader in Wahid (this is a personal view, but I kinda like the man).
	home.swipnet.se /zabonk/indons/instant/politics.htm (720 words)

	Power Politics: Indonesia Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Indonesia's military forces remain fairly capable, but are rapidly aging and insufficient for the nation's demands.
		Indonesia is the world's largest Muslim state, and a central base for many radical strands of Islam.
		As for the political consequences, they'll be relatively minor.
	www.powerpolitics.org /archives/000129.html (2760 words)

	Bibliograph on Party Politics in INDONESIA. 1950-1962
		This great interest in Indonesia is understandable, for the country is vast in terms of size and population, and the potential of its underdeveloped natural resources.
		Because the Communist Party of Indonesia became the largest non-ruling party in the world, Western observers devoted much effort to the study of communist strength, strategy, and prospects.
		In Indonesia the leadership really defined the party as was particularly true in the 1958-1962 period.
	www.janda.org /ICPP/ICPP1980/Book/PART3/53-IndonesiaBib.htm (879 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Politics of Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Indonesia (A republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than 13,000 islands; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945; the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions) is a republic based on the 1945 constitution providing for a limited separation of executive, legislative, and judicial power.
		During the authoritarian Soeharto era, the armed forces played a central political role under a doctrine known as "dual function," with the DPR and MPR comprising a substantially higher proportion of appointed TNI/POLRI and societal group members than at present.
		Under existing agreements, TNI/POLRI representation in the DPR will end at the time of the next general election in 2004 and will end in the MPR in 2009.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/politics_of_indonesia.htm (878 words)

	Politics in Indonesia: Democracy, Islam and the Ideology of Tolerance by RAMAGE, Douglas E at Biblio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Politics in Indonesia: Democracy, Islam and the Ideology of Tolerance by RAMAGE, Douglas E at Biblio
		Politics in Indonesia desribes the attitudes, aspirations and frustrations of the key players in Indonesian politics as they struggle to shape the future.
		Ramage analyzes the way in which political questions are framed with reference to the national ideology, the Pancasila, and explores the ways in which Indonesia's political, military, religous, democratic and intellectual leaders employ the Pancasila to strengthen their own political power.
	www.biblio.com /books/isbnnu/22848837.html (335 words)

	AllRefer.com - Indonesia - The Politics of Economic Reform \| Indonesian Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Political patronage became a vital component of business success in the early 1980s as government restrictions were extended to curtail imports when oil revenues began to decline.
		Other influential groups began to pressure the government for trade reforms, including international lenders on whom Indonesia relied to assist the government with balance of payments difficulties resulting from the decline in oil revenues (see table 15, Appendix).
		He hinted at a broader political motive, however, in acknowledging that piecemeal reforms had the advantage of progressively winning a new constituency for further reform.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/indonesia/indonesia86.html (1217 words)

	Politics in Indonesia
		Article 1 of the 1945 Constitution states that Indonesia is a republic with sovereignty vested in the people to be fully exercised by an elected People's Consultative Assembly, which is the highest political institution in the state.
		The political reform agenda covers the promulgation of new political laws to foster democratization and facilitate a fair, direct and free general election by secret ballot in mid 1999.
		Bank Indonesia as the central bank shall be independent and free of interference from the government and all other parties and shall be accountable for its conduct.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/indonesia/pro-politics.htm (4056 words)

	Politics and Markets in Indonesia’s Post-Oil Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The article argues that it is the contest of power and the formation of coalitions and alliances, rather than systems of rules and procedures about contracts, property, exchange and procurement, that determine the market.
		While structural pressures have been accommodated within the complex amalgam of markets, rents, protection and politics which constitutes Indonesia's market institutions, the real threat to the system lies in possible unravelling of the political and social order itself.
		The author sees such unravelling or loosening of the highly centralised nature of state power as more likely than a shift towards liberal democracy or a more highly structured legal-rational state apparatus.
	wbln0018.worldbank.org /Network/PREM/PREMDocLib.nsf/0/56f42257922185388525675600548424?OpenDocument (148 words)

	Government and politics (from Indonesia) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Abdurrahman Wahid was removed as president by Indonesia's supreme decision-making body, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), on July 23, which thereby ended months of political crisis over his tenure.
		Focuses on political parties and issues, governmental departments and embassies, and Pakistan's interface with the United Nations.
		Discusses the political environment, the exchange rate policy, the legal obstacles to trade, the debt management policy, tariffs and licensing requirements, export subsidies, the protection of U.S. intellectual property, and workers' rights.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-22804?tocId=22804 (1646 words)

	indonesia politics and other indonesia related information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Main article: Politics of Indonesia The highest legislative body is the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR, head: Hidayat Nur Wahid) or 'People's Consultative Assembly', consisting of the Dewan...
		Indonesia: Politics in Ugly Disguise PHUKET, Thailand The bright promise of Indonesia's nascent democracy has given way to...
		Government and Politics Indonesia Table of Contents AFTER 1965 AND THE DESTRUCTION of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI; for this and other acronyms, see table A), the military dominated...
	www.nethorde.com /indonesia/indonesia-politics.html (303 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| Letter: Indonesia's 'tired' politics
		He reflects on the unique influence of Indonesia's history on the development of Islam in its islands and reports on his encounters with members of the population, from students to mystics.
		Indonesia's military elite tried their best to keep political Islam under control, but in the process many sections of the country's Muslim population felt themselves alienated, persecuted and marginalised.
		Indonesia remains fascinating for me thanks to its colourful array of Islamist groups, ranging from the hardline conservatives to eclectic mystical brotherhoods who even claim that there is no such thing as religion per se, only God.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/programmes/3631168.stm (2384 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; the islands were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945.
		Indonesia declared its independence after Japan's surrender, but it required four years of intermittent negotiations, recurring hostilities, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to relinquish its colony.
		Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, has restored financial stability and pursued sober fiscal policies since the Asian financial crisis, but many economic development problems remain, including high unemployment, a fragile banking sector, endemic corruption, inadequate infrastructure, a poor investment climate, and unequal resource distribution among regions.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/id.html (1225 words)

	POLITICS-BURMA: Indonesia's Ali Alatas Steps in Where Others Cannot
		As important, she told IPS, is for Alatas to convince the military regime about the merits of engaging in a dialogue with the international community on Burmese issues.
		Other Burma watchers say that Alatas will be able to speak the same political language that Rangoon does, since the Burmese regime has tried to model itself after Indonesia when it was ruled by the military dictator General Suharto.
		The stalemate over reforms in Burma, which the junta renamed Myanmar, has been compounded by the SPDC pushing ahead with a seven-point political agenda, including the drafting of a new constitution, without the involvement of Suu Kyi or the party she leads, the National League for Democracy (NLD).
	www.ipsnews.net /news.asp?idnews=29957 (980 words)

	Indonesia - Bibliography
		Bowen, John R. "On the Political Construction of Tradition: Gotong Royong in Indonesia," Journal of Asian Studies, 45, No. 3, May 1986, 545-61.
		Crouch, Harold A. "Military-Civilian Relations in Indonesia in the Late Soeharto Era." Pages 61-66 in Viberto Selochan (ed.), The Military, the State, and Development in Asia and the Pacific.
		The "Cultural Manifesto" Affair: Literature and Politics in Indonesia in the 1960s: A Signatory's View.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/107.htm (2359 words)

	Politics in Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We used to have three (3) political parties, one of which is backed by military.
		The number will go down when rules and regulation is ready for election in 2004.
		Political parties are biased/focused towards working people, religion (mostly Islamic), groups, and democracy.
	indonesia.insan.web.id /politics.html (98 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Indonesia / Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Statistik perdagangan luar negeri Indonesia: Ekspor menurut jenis barang, negeri tujuan dan pelabuhan ekspor asal (Indonesia Foreign Trade Statistics: Exports by Commodity, Country of Destination and Port of Export).
		Crouch, Harold A. The Army and Politics in Indonesia.
		"Indonesia: The Maturation of a Regional Power." Paper delivered at Southeast Regional Conference of the Association of Asian Studies, January 1988.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/indonesia/id_bibl.html (9044 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		With the establishment of many internet providers in Indonesia, many of the news, in the very broad areas, from arts to science and technology, come directly from Indonesia, which are of great interest to many In- donesian living outside of Indonesia and to many foreigners who are interested in Indonesia and its cultures.
		This newsgroup is not a place to argue about the superiority of one religion with respect to other religions, it is rather a place to build a very good relationship among the followers of multireligion in Indonesia that has existed for a very long time.
		talk.politics.indonesia is an unmoderated newsgroup for the discussions of all aspects of politics of Indonesia.
	www.faqs.org /ftp/usenet/news.announce.newgroups/soc/soc.culture.indonesia-reorg (3123 words)

	Asia Bookroom: Indonesia - Modern Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One unintended consequence of this was to raise Muslims' political expectations and to mobilise Muslim political interests in the context of broadening 'pro-democracy' opposition which contributed to the downfall of Suharto's regime.
		It is, at the same time, a broader political economy of regime change engaging the major theoretical debates about how institutions and states are change, and how systems of social power survive, fail, or are transformed.
		Thus, in the case of Indonesia, the dramatic events of the past two decades are understood essentially in terms of the rise of a complex politico-business oligarchy and the ongoing reorganisation of its power through successive crises, colonising and expropriating new political and market institutions." Publisher's description.
	www.asiabookroom.com /currentlists_xAsia/indonmodpol.htm (2637 words)

	ABC Radio National - Background Briefing: 24 November 1996 - Megawati: Indonesia's Changing Politics
		At the front, the fence is barricaded, many of the windows are removed or smashed, tiles from the roof are missing and virtually every wall is peppered with holes left by stones and rocks.
		Megawati Sukarnoputri: What they have done to me now is to abuse my political right, so I don't have any chance to go to the parliament, and even of course, it means that it's difficult for me to be a candidate.
		She's probably the most popular political leader in Indonesia today, and yet the strange thing is that being popular isn't enough.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/talks/bbing/stories/s10619.htm (5373 words)

	INDONESIA - POLITICS
		As Patricia Nunan reports from Jakarta, the election of Amien Rais is the latest in a series of surprises in the build-up to Indonesia's presidential election later this month.
		A devout Muslim and leader of Indonesia's political reform movement, Mr.
		Rais is leader of the National Mandate Party -- or PAN -- one of 44 new political parties to contest Indonesia's parliamentary election held in June.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/1999/10/991004-timor3.htm (468 words)

	Inside Indonesia - Topic index (politics & human rights)
		Saskia Eleonora Wieringa, The politicisation of gender relations in Indonesia (Gerwani)/ Liz Martyn 50:Apr 97.
		Damien Kingsbury, The politics of Indonesia/ Jonathan Ping 58:Apr 99.
		R William Liddle, Leadership and culture in Indonesian politics/ Chris Penders 51:Jul 97.
	www.insideindonesia.org /artpol.htm (3654 words)

	Open Directory - Regional: Asia: Indonesia: Society and Culture: Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Indonesia in Revolt - Defending Marxist ideas and their validity for today's labour movement.
		Suharto of Indonesia - On Suharto, the second president of Indonesia.
		United In Diversity - Seeks to use dialogue and the exchange of broad-based in advancing Indonesia’s sustainable development and improving the quality of life for all.
	dmoz.org /Regional/Asia/Indonesia/Society_and_Culture/Politics (181 words)

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