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Topic: Politics of Madagascar

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	Madagascar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Madagascar developed a recovery plan in collaboration with the private sector and donors and presented it at a "Friends of Madagascar" conference organized by the World Bank in Paris in July 2002.
		Madagascar's sources of growth are tourism; textile and light manufacturing exports (notably through the EPZs); agricultural products (the country is the world's leading producer of vanilla, accounting for about half the world's export market); and mining.
		Madagascar, which has historically been perceived as on the margin of mainstream African affairs, eagerly rejoined the African Union in July 2003 after a 14-month hiatus triggered by the 2002 political crisis.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Madagascar (3380 words)

	Madagascar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Madagascar, or Madagascar, is a borderless island nation in the Indian Ocean, off the eastern coast of Africa.
		The principal institutions of the Republic of Madagascar are a presidency, a parliament (National Assembly and Senate), a prime ministry and cabinet, and an independent judiciary.
		Madagascar's population is predominantly of mixed Asian and African origin, though those who are visibly Asian in appearance and culture are the minority, found in the highland regions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Madagascar (3637 words)

	MapZones.com : Madagascar Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Since the first systematic census was undertaken by colonial authorities at the turn of the twentieth century, the population has grown from 2.2 million in 1900 to 7.6 million in 1975 and to a population around by the IMF in mid-1993 at 11.86 million.
		This rate has made Madagascar one of the most rapidly growing countries in Africa, with a large youthful population--in 1992 nearly 55% of the population was under twenty years of age.
		A true understanding of the character of Madagascar's population and historical development requires an appreciation of the inhabitants' shared characteristics, including language and kinship structure, as well as the central highlands/côtier split and other divisions based on geographical regions.
	www.mapzones.com /world/africa/madagascar/cultureindex.php (229 words)

	The Politics of Madagascar’s Environmental Efforts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Madagascar is one of the world’s natural wonders.
		Madagascar hosts a unique, highly endemic collection of flora and fauna due to hundreds of millions of years of tectonic isolation.
		Together, the papers show that environmental change is closely related to the interplay of political and economic interests, from the conservation-oriented politics of foreign donors to the livelihood interests of rural farmers.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v3/v3i2a1.htm (3664 words)

	Encyclopedia: Politics-of-Madagascar
		Data code: MA Government type: republic In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people who do not base their political power on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country.
		Capital: Antananarivo Antananarivo, population 802,000 (1997), is the capital of Madagascar, in Antananarivo province.
		Administrative divisions: 6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara Antananarivo, population 802,000 (1997), is the capital of Madagascar, in Antananarivo province.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Politics_of_Madagascar (2686 words)

	Madagascar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first human settlement in Madagascar probably dates from the fourth century CE.
		From 1896 to 1960 the island was under French rule.
		Madagascar has six provinces, each named for their capital.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/m/ma/madagascar.html (93 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Madagascar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is the home of five percent of the world's plant and animal species, 80 per cent of them unique to Madagascar.
		Madagascar's long isolation from the neighboring continents has resulted in a unique mix of plants and animals, many found nowhere else in the world; some ecologists refer to Madagascar as the "sixth continent".
		Madagascar is the world's leading producer of vanilla, accounting for 70% of the world's export market.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Madagascar (2884 words)

	Madagascar,Overview of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		East coast has lowlands leading to steep bluffs and central highlands; Tsaratanana Massif in north with volcanic mountains; west coast with many protected harbors and broad plains; and southwest with plateau and desert region.
		The Midi Madagasikara (government controlled) is available in the morning until 13.00, while the Madagascar Tribune is on sale most of the afternoon.
		Madagascar adopted a new constitution following the 1992 national referendum, which decreed that presidential elections would be held every five years.
	www.namasthenri.com /madagascar/overview.htm (670 words)

	Madagascar, the Red Island (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		She evades the immigration debate by choosing the theory that Madagascar was the last stop on the immigration route for Southeast Asian migrants.
		The migrants who settled in different parts of Madagascar developed their own, social economic, and cultural systems, in which traces of the Asian and African past are still to be found.
		Today Madagascar has 18 official ethnic groups, but whether the use of the word ethnic is correct in the Malagasy context or whether we should speak rather of 18 different population groups are other burning points of discussion.
	www.iias.nl /iiasn/iiasn6/iswa/kouwen.html (1061 words)

	Politics of Madagascar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The principalinstitutions of the Republic of Madagascar are a presidency, a parliament (National Assembly and Senate),a prime ministry and cabinet, and an independent judiciary.
		For much of this period, only limited and restrained political opposition was tolerated, with no directcriticism of the president permitted in the press.
		But these and other political reforms--like the elimination of presscensorship in 1989 and the formation of more political parties in 1990--were insufficient to placate a growing opposition forceknown as Hery Velona or "ActiveForces," centered in the capital city and the surrounding high plateau.
	www.therfcc.org /politics-of-madagascar-147808.html (1038 words)

	MapZones.com : Madagascar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Madagascar, republic in the Indian Ocean, separated from the south-eastern coast of Africa by the Mozambique Channel.
		In full the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, it is made up of Madagascar Island, the fourth-largest island in the world, and several small islands.
		Madagascar was annexed by the French in 1896 and became self-governing within the French Community in 1958 as the Malagasy Republic.
	www.mapzones.com /world/africa/madagascar (115 words)

	Madagascar and Soil Erosion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		McConnell, William J. Human-environment relations in Madagascar: the importance of spatial and temporal perspective.
		Olson, S.H. The robe of the ancestors: forests in the history of Madagascar.
		http://www.ourplanet.com/aaas/pdfs/186-87.pdf is a WWF pdf file on population and grazing and their impact on Madagascar.
	peacecorps.mtu.edu /madsoil.htm (693 words)

	Madagascar - Foreign Relations
		The Malagasy role was largely limited to the impact of decision makers in the upper echelons of government and input at the grass-roots level by small-scale farmers producing for subsistence or export.
		Madagascar also joined the Nonaligned Movement, became more active in the Organization of African Unity (OAU), and took positions in the UN that favored the communist states, including abstaining on a resolution that denounced the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and supporting Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia in 1978.
		Nonetheless, Madagascar's political elite clearly seems committed to the continued reform and strengthening of multiparty democracy, as well as the expansion of the country's role as a leader in both regional and international forums.
	countrystudies.us /madagascar/29.htm (2358 words)

	Information and Resources for Current Student - Department of Politics and International Relations at Lancaster ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The emergence of new forms of political system in Africa has presented a significant challenge to ideas of global governance and the policies that flow from it.
		Madagascar was identified as a good case study from which to examine the impact of global environmental governance.
		The idea of an environmental crisis in a megadiverse and extremely poor country means that Madagascar is an ideal site for the research because it has been identified as a place that demands global attention, and more importantly, global action.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /fss/politics/people/duffy/madagascar/madagacar.htm (439 words)

	afrol News - Madagascar reintegrated in African Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Madagascar was banned from participating at the founding summit of the Union one year ago, and therefore never admitted to the AU.
		Madagascar had however been one of the founding members of the AU's predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU).
		The Indian Ocean island state was banned from last year's AU Summit because of the chaotic political situation prevailing there at that time, with outgoing President Didier Ratsiraka and President-elect Ravalomanana being engaged in a violent power struggle.
	www.afrol.com /printable_article/10394 (469 words)

	Elections in Madagascar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Madagascar (Malagasy: Madagasikara - French: Madagascar) is a country in Southern Africa.
		Madagascar has a population of around 17 million on 581,540 km².
		Freedom House rated the country on political rights with a 3 and on civil rights with a 4, both on a scale of 1 to 7 (in which 1 is the most free).
	www.electionworld.org /madagascar.htm (418 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Madagascar
		Madagascar, where the average person lives on about $1 a day, certainly qualifies as a place where wealth creation for the "bottom of the pyramid" is needed.
		Madagascar, the world's fourth largest island at about size the size of Texas or France, has an average per capita income of $260 among its 18 million people...
		Nevertheless Madagascar may well be on its way to a brighter economic future thanks to a blockbuster animated movie, an innovative new aid program, and the capable leadership of the new president.
	politics.surfwax.com /files/Madagascar_Election.html (3831 words)

	Politics Kills Momentum of Madagascar Job Boom
		Until late last year, Madagascar had seemed to be on its way up from one of the lowest rungs on the world prosperity ladder.
		Madagascar's political crisis has turned into an economic crisis, crippling the country's booming garment industry.
		Madagascar was one of the leaders, and it burst out of the gate with a flourish.
	www.madagasikara.de /englpresse/020420nytimes.html (966 words)

	AllRefer.com - Madagascar - Government And Politics - Constitution and Institutions of Governance \| Malagasy ...
		The power of the executive branch is divided between a president who is elected by universal suffrage and a prime minister from the parliament who is nominated by his/her peers but who must be approved by the president.
		In sharp contrast to the Ratsiraka era, when political parties could only exist under the ideological umbrella of the FNDR, democratization of the political system has led to the proliferation of political parties of all ideological stripes.
		Despite constitutional guarantees concerning the rights of citizens to form political parties without fear of government retribution, parties that call for ethnic or religious segregation or demonstrably endanger national unity are subject to being banned.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/madagascar/madagascar41.html (1141 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Madagascar mixes religion and politics
		In the former Catholic monastery of St Joseph on the outskirts of town I met Father Remy Ralibera.
		He is the general secretary of the ecumenical movement of the all the major churches in Madagascar - the FFKM.
		He thinks that because there was no real opposition in the last elections - the former ruling party Arema boycotted the polls - there are no real political entities and that leaves a vacuum that the Church is happy to fill.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/2681011.stm (560 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Madagascar (Indian Ocean) / ...
		Madagascar, le colonisé et son âme: Essai sur le discours psychologique colonial.
		Mukonoweshuro, Eliphas G. "The Politics of Squalor and Dependency: Chronic Political Instability and Economic Collapse in the Comoro Islands," African Affairs [London], No. 89, October 1990, 555-77.
		Ellis, Stephen D.K. "The Political Elite of Imerina and the Revolt of the Menelamba: The Creation of a Colonial Myth in Madagascar, 1895-1898," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 21, No. 2, 1980, 219-34.
	www.wildmadagascar.org /overview/loc/biblio.html (4542 words)

	Madagascar Politics, Clothes Linked
		Now Madagascar is an impoverished republic where a 21st century event — a disputed presidential election — is threatening ruin to a newly booming garment industry that has been selling sweaters and jeans to U.S. retail chains.
		An unintended backdrop to Madagascar's present political crisis is an exhibit at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African Art: ``Objects as Envoys: Cloth, Imagery and Diplomacy in Madagascar.''
		The queen died in exile in Algeria, and Madagascar remained a French colony until gaining independence in 1960.
	www.madagasikara.de /englishnews/020504ap.html (625 words)

	John Kenneth Galbraith, the Politics of Louisiana, and Madagascar
		In Upper Canada in earlier times, Englishmen, in conjunction with the Church of England as a kind of holding company for political and economic interest, dominated the economic, political, religious and social life to their own unquestioned pecuniary and social advantage.
		Some almost skimmed the traveller's palms and I was struck by their cute, puppyish faces, clashing so bizarrely with the awful bony "fingers" on the front of the wings and their vampire image.
		The technique of destroying ones' political opponent by saying the magic word "communist" is not unlike the traditional fairy-tale where one says "abracadabra" --- and suddenly, woosh, a man is changed into a frog.
	www.ralphmag.org /BA/briefs.html (1563 words)

	Politics of Madagascar -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A provisional military directorate then ruled until a new government was formed in June 1975, under Admiral (Click link for more info and facts about Didier Ratsiraka) Didier Ratsiraka.
		Data code: MA Government type: (A form of government whose head of state is not a monarch) republic
		See also: (A republic on the island of Madagascar; achieved independence from France in 1960) Madagascar
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Po/Politics_of_Madagascar.htm (1201 words)

	Tiako I Madagasikara - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tiako I Madagasikara (I Love Madagascar, TIM) is a political party in Madagascar.
		It is the largest party in the National Assembly of Madagascar with 103 of 160 seats, on a 34% share of the vote.
		This article about a political party is a stub.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/I_Love_Madagascar (79 words)

	Government and Politics in Madagascar, 1994
		Whereas Japan and Germany were responsible for 4.3 and 3.9 percent of Madagascar's imports, respectively, the United States contributed a meager 1.1 percent.
		First, Madagascar slightly increased the percentage of goods exported to other southern countries from 14.3 percent in 1980 to 18.8 percent in 1992.
		In sharp contrast to regional patterns related to exports, Madagascar imported the majority of its goods from Asia (15.5 percent) and the Middle East (8.5 percent).
	www.wildmadagascar.org /overview/loc/39-trade.html (447 words)

	afrol News - Madagascar in bid to join SADC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The move comes at a time when another Indian Ocean island state, the Seychelles will be leaving the 14-member organisation in July and the process for admitting new members has been tightened.
		SADC executive secretary Prega Ramsamy told a news briefing in the Batswana capital, Gaborone, on 20 May that Madagascar would be assessed to determine whether it qualified for membership.
		Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1886, but regained its independence in 1960.
	www.afrol.com /printable_article/13198 (350 words)

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