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Topic: Politics of Nicaragua

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FSLN

Sandinista National Liberation Front

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	Nicaragua - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicaragua offered assistance during World War 2, and was the first country in the world to ratify the UN Charter.
		Nicaragua's pre-Colombian population consisted of the Nahuatl-speaking Nicarao people of the west after whom the country is named, and six other ethnic groups including the Miskitos, Ramas and Sumos along the Caribbean coast.
		Nicaragua has historically been a literary treasure in poetry of the Hispanic world with internationally renowned contributors such as Ruben Darío who is widely acclaimed as the Father of Modernism and Prince of Spanish Literature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicaragua (2877 words)

	Politics of Nicaragua - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicaragua is a constitutional democracy with executive, legislative, judicial, and electoral branches of government.
		In 1995, the executive and legislative branches negotiated a reform of the 1987 Sandinista constitution which gave extensive new powers and independence to the National Assembly, including permitting the Assembly to override a presidential veto with a simple majority vote and eliminating the president's ability to pocket veto a bill.
		Led by a council of seven magistrates, the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) is the co-equal branch of government responsible for organizing and conducting elections, plebiscites, and referendums.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Nicaragua (1086 words)

	Nicaragua - POLITICS
		The political parties composing the UNO coalition were quick to establish their own bases of support within the legislature and the municipalities.
		Different political parties, interest groups, and other influential voices all had their own visions of what form the economy and a democratic government should take and what each group's share and role in both should be.
		Rather than leading the country, the Chamorro government was compelled to act as a broker among competing interests in resolving the two central issues of her early administration: the resolution of property issues and the establishment of peace through the demobilization and resettlement of the Contras and the Sandinista military.
	countrystudies.us /nicaragua/47.htm (1641 words)

	Politics in Nicaragua
		Aside from its own importance, the best reason for Americans to pay attention to the political situation in Nicaragua, and the issue of land confiscated by the revolutionaries in particular, is that Cuba will look very much the same after Castro dies.
		Nicaragua finally broke under the tremendous military pressure from the States, and elected a government friendy to the U.S. Many people feel the Sandinistas' greatest accomplishment was gracefully admitting defeat.
		There is precedent for this: here in Nicaragua, the FSLN is still easily the largest single party, and they have made few modifications to their original philosophy.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/1336/politics.html (2198 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nicaragua - Government and Politics \| Nicaraguan Information Resource
		Soon after, recognizing the FSLN "as the second political force of the nation," she stated her commitment to respect the will of the 40 percent of the people who had voted for the FSLN.
		Instead, in early 1993 the government faced the dilemma of dealing with a Sandinista opposition that viewed reconciliation as a means of protecting its rights to confiscated property and a powerful element of the UNO coalition that viewed those property rights as ill-gotten gains and urged strong action against the Sandinistas to recover that property.
		Her government also has been accused by members of the UNO coalition of excessively concentrating power in the hands of a small group of members of her extended family, promoting the same brand of government practiced under the Somoza family dynasty: centralizing power in a small group instead of expanding it in a democratic fashion.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/nicaragua/nicaragua85.html (671 words)

	Table of contents for Nicaragua, imagining the nation
		Table of contents for Nicaragua, imagining the nation : a history of nationalist politics in Nicaragua from 19th century liberals to 20th century Sandinistas / Luciano Baracco.
		The context in which the question of Nicaragua as a national entity first began to be posed was, perhaps, more problematic than had been the case for other emergent nations of Latin America.
		It was not until the end of the nineteenth-century that Nicaragua experienced significant modernization during the Liberal Revolution of José Santos Zelaya (1893-1909).
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0512/2005013344.html (2843 words)

	Nicaragua - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Colonized by Spain in 1524, Nicaragua achieved independence in 1821 when it was a province of the Audience of Guatemala and became part of the United Provinces of Central America.
		Nicaragua has seen U.S. military interventions and lengthy periods of military dictatorship, the most infamous being the rule of the Somoza family (supported by successive U.S. governments) for much of the early 20th century.
		About 9 percent of Nicaragua's population is considered fl or afronicaragüense, with the fl population concentrated on the country's sparesely populated eastern coast.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Nicaraguan (2090 words)

	[No title]
		Observations on the archaeology and ethnology of Nicaragua.
		Nicaragua's Sandinista president,Daniel Ortega Saavedra,has kept his promises to free thousands of political prisoners and end press censorship, and he has allowed independent observers to enter the country to monitor the fairness of the election campaign.
		Nicaragua passed similar restrictive laws but amended them under financial duress in 1989 so that foreign political contributions are acceptable if half of the money is given to the government electoral council to cover administrative costs of elections.
	stonecenter.tulane.edu /~latinlib/RESTRICTED/CABIB/nicabib_.txt (10690 words)

	NotiSur - Latin American Political Affairs; September 1, 1995
		The political settlement between legislative leaders and the Chamorro administration paved the way for adoption of the amendments (see NotiSur, 07/07/95).
		The Proyecto, a centrist political movement that he launched in April with administration backing, is generally regarded as a vehicle for his bid for the presidency (see NotiSur, 04/28/95).
		All Sandinistas seemed to agree that the FSLN had to be transformed from a "revolutionary vanguard" into a modern political movement able to compete in the formal political arena, including in elections, while also mobilizing and leading the country's poor majority.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/notisur/h95/notisur.19950901.html (3739 words)

	US Reverts to Cold War Politis on Nicaragua
		These are the demands of right-wing politicians and ex-contras in Nicaragua who backed Chamorro in 1990, but who oppose her strategy of working with the Sandinistas to foster stability, reconciliation and gradual institutional change.
		It should wrest control of its Nicaragua policy from Helms and the Republican right, a sector that continues to view this beleaguered country in simplistic, obsolete, and irrelevant categories of East-West struggle.
		Nicaragua is a real country, with difficult problems and a long way to go before democratic foundations have been solidly set.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~poli354/Nicaragua/920917_Nicaragua_helms.html (1045 words)

	Nicaragua - Gurupedia
		Colonized by Spain in 1524, Nicaragua achieved independence as an independent state in 1821 and joined the United Provinces of Central America.
		Nicaragua is a constitutional republic with an elected
		The unicameral legislative body is the National Assembly, which has 93 members elected for 5-year terms.
	www.gurupedia.com /n/ni/nicaragua.htm (183 words)

	Nicaragua : Geography, People, Politics, Government, Economy, transport
		The Pacific Coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony from Panama in the early 16th century.
		Nicaragua, one of the hemisphere's poorest countries, faces low per capita income, massive unemployment, and huge external debt.
		Nicaragua has undertaken significant economic reforms that are expected to help the country qualify for more than $4 billion in debt relief under HIPC in early 2004.
	www.studentsoftheworld.info /infopays/wfb.php3?CODEPAYS=NIC (1042 words)

	Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs: Gender Identity Politics in Nicaragua, 1979-1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This volume explores the role of maternal symbolism in the Nicaraguan civil war, focusing on the use of maternal imagery by Sandanistas and, to a lesser extent, anti-Sandanistas in the their struggle for ideological hegemony.
		One chapter broadly describes the relationship of women’s organizing to the overall political, economic, and military situation in Nicaragua and the other details how the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs adapted to the ever-shifting conditions.
		The end product is a well-written book about the gender politics of the Sandanista revolution supported by a case study of a women’s organization that was born out of the violence of that revolution.
	www.americas.org /bookstore/product_7693 (188 words)

	What Everyone Should Know About Nicaragua
		By 1990 the Nicaraguans had suffered more than they could take from the war and economic embargo, and so when President George Bush made it clear that their misery would continue until the Sandinistas were voted out of office, a majority cried uncle.
		A decade of IMF and World Bank tutelage has left Nicaraguans with the most crushing debt burden in the hemisphere, 70 percent of its people in poverty, and—alone among Latin Americans—less income per person than they had 40 years ago.
		We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law.
	www.commondreams.org /views01/1107-04.htm (883 words)

	Bublos.com, Books ›› Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs - Gender Identity Politics in Nicaragua, 1979 - 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		She shows how Sandinistas and anti-Sandinistas mobilized both mothers and maternal imagery and in turn analyzes how this imagery was adopted and manipulated by the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs.
		Employing a feminist Gramscian approach to address the gendered nature of cultural politics and collective identity, the author shows how, in the battle to capture Nicaraguan hearts and minds, both sides relied primarily on maternal images of women.
		Scrabble has been a favorite in the world of word games for generations (in fact, more than 50 years) and is still a great game to boost one's vocabulary and word power.
	www.bublos.com /isbn/0801867649.html (738 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nicaragua - Government And Politics \| Nicaraguan Information Resource
		Politics: Numerous political parties, most based on personalities rather than political philosophies.
		Relations between government of President Chamorro and UNO leadership strained over government support for laws guaranteeing transfer of expropriated properties to Sandinistas and continued FSLN influence within police and armed forces.
		Political process marked by violent labor militancy and sporadic political violence by rearmed Contra and Sandinista guerrillas.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/nicaragua/nicaragua9.html (450 words)

	@forums - Nicaragua
		The United States' first post-September 11 foray into Latin American politics -- in Nicaragua's election -- provides a glimpse of how Washington's new "counter- terrorism" policy may play out in this region.
		They waged war not so much against the Nicaraguan army as against "soft targets": teachers, health care workers, and elected officials (a CIA-prepared manual actually advocated their assassination).
		The Sandinistas took the United States to the World Court for its terrorist actions -- the same Court where the US had won a judgment against Iran just a few years earlier, for the taking of American hostages.
	www.atforumz.com /printthread.php?t=171537 (757 words)

	Omniseek: /Politics /Nicaragua /
		Ilja A. Associate Professor, (J.D., University of Vienna, Austria, 1980; Ph.D., University of Iowa, 1987) Interested in social movements, gender politics, development theory, the political economy of transition, and Latin American politics.
		OCTOBER 22, 1996 TRANSCRIPT The apparent victor for president of Nicaragua is Arnoldo Aleman, a former coffee grower and mayor of Managua, whose strong capitalist...
		Politics - Nicaragua : U.S. Extends Waiver Of Sanctions By Roberto decided to continue providing aid to Nicaragua for another year, based on
	www.omniseek.com /srch/{7985} (410 words)

	Nicaragua Government & Politics News - Media Monitoring Service by EIN News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Miller represent the vanguard of women entering politics in droves throughout Latin America and the...
		Administration resurrected it with the darkest of political sorcery.
		Argentina; from Ernesto Cardenal, a poet in Nicaragua, to Mairead Corrigan Maguire, an Irish Nobel...
	www.einnews.com /nicaragua/newsfeed-Nicaragua-Government-Politics (1185 words)

	ZNet Commentary: What Everyone Should Know About Nicaragua
		The United States' first post-September 11 foray into Latin American politics -- in Nicaragua's election -- provides a glimpse of how Washington's new "counter-terrorism" policy may play out in this region.
		A decade of IMF and World Bank tutelage has left Nicaraguans with the most crushing debt burden in the hemisphere, 70 percent of its people in poverty, and -- alone among Latin Americans -- less income per person than they had 40 years ago.
		Mark Weisbrot is co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research (www.cepr.net), in Washington, DC.
	www.zmag.org /sustainers/content/2001-11/09weisbrot.cfm (777 words)

	BBC News \| Americas \| Somoza family returns to politics in Nicaragua
		A grandson of the Nicaraguan military strongman Anastasio Somoza has created a new political party in Nicaragua.
		Despite criticisms of the record of the Somoza dynasty, which ruled Nicaragua for almost five decades until 1979, Javier Somoza said his main aim was to reconcile and unite Nicaraguans.
		The new party is expected to gain legal status next week, and intends to fight in local elections and the general elections due in 2001.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/americas/newsid_278000/278427.stm (102 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Nicaragua / Bibliography
		Damage Caused by Hurricane Joan in Nicaragua: Its Effect on Economic Development and Living Conditions, and Requirements for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.
		Saints and Sandinistas: The Catholic Church in Nicaragua and Its Response to the Revolution.
		Serafino, Nina M. "Nicaragua Chronology since the February 25, 1990, Elections: The Transition and President Chamorro's First 100 Days." (Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Report 90-423 F.) Washington: September 5, 1990.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/nicaragua/ni_bibl.html (2833 words)

	NICARAGUA (in MARION) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nicaragua -- History -- Revolution, 1979 -- Drama.
		Nicaragua -- Politics and government -- 1979-1990 -- Sources.
		Nicaragua -- Politics and government -- 1990- (about) (1 title)
	library.cerritos.edu /MARION?S=NICARAGUA (35 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This newsgroup will therefore provide an open forum where people all over the world can exchange information and discuss issues about Nicaragua, without having to subscribe to one specific mail-list, although it is expected that most of the participants will be nicaraguan and friends of Nicaragua living abroad or at home.
		All topics for discussion relevant to Nicaragua are appropriate, and would include, but not limited to: + nicaraguan peoples.
		The primary language on soc.culture.nicaragua will be in Spanish, the Nicaragua's Official Language, but posting in other languages will be allowed and we encourage translations into Spanish/English for the benefit of other worl-dwide netters.
	www.faqs.org /ftp/pub/usenet/news.announce.newgroups/soc/soc.culture.nicaragua (1927 words)

	BookkooB : The Catholic Church and Politics in Nicaragua and Costa Rica - Philip J. Williams : Compare Book Prices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Catholic Church and Politics in Nicaragua and Costa Rica
		Above you will see price and availability details for Catholic Church and Politics in Nicaragua and Costa Rica by Philip J. Williams from the leading UK book stores.
		View other editions of The Catholic Church and Politics in Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
	www.bookkoob.co.uk /book/0333471288.htm (306 words)

	Nicaragua Politics
		Accused of bigamy, lawmaker in Nicaragua fires shots in assembly chambers, surrenders
		Nicaragua: Lack of conservative candidate a blow to Ortega campaign
		Veteran of Nicaragua's Political Turmoil Draws Lessons From Her Child's Short Life
	www.latinamericanstudies.org /nicaragua-politics.htm (170 words)

	Omniseek: /Politics /Society: Government /Nicaragua
		Nicaragua´s foreign debt Nicaragua is close to obtaining a condonation of its foreign debt by international organisations and countries with whom it is endebted to.
		Map, photos, history, culture and facts about Nicaragua.
		Gateway to the land of lakes and volcanoes.
	www.omniseek.com /srch/{56316} (54 words)

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