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Topic: Politics of Panama

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List of political parties in Panama

Panamanian election, 2004

Elections in Panama

Legislative Assembly of Panama

Panama

List of Presidents of Panama

Democratic Revolutionary Party

President

Mireya Elisa Moscoso

Mireya Moscoso

Arnulfista Party

History of Panama

Politics of Nicaragua

Politics of Venezuela

Politics of Guatemala

	Panama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ostensibly, the death of a U.S. soldier in Panama at a Panamanian Defense Forces roadblock was one of the precipitating causes for the invasion,.
		Panama is a republic with three branches of government: executive and legislative branches elected by direct vote for 5-year terms, and an independently appointed judiciary.
		Panama is located in Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Panama (1133 words)

	Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Panama was part of Spain's colonies in America until 1821 when it seceded and joined the Gran Colombia of Simón Bolívar.
		The Panamanian government was long mired in political instability and corruption and often the mandate of an elected president would terminate prematurely.
		The death of a U.S. Marine in Panama, and harassment of U.S. citizens in Panama, were the reasons given by the United States for its invasion in December 1989, dubbed Operation Just Cause.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/pa/Panama.htm (792 words)

	Encyclopedia: Politics of Panama
		Panama is a representative democracy with three branches of government: executive and legislative branches elected by direct vote for 5-year terms, and an independently appointed judiciary.
		The Legislative Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Legislativa) is the legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Panama.
		See also: List of political parties in Panama A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Politics-of-Panama (1118 words)

	Polity IV Country Report 2003: Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Politics in Panama have been characterized by frequent coups and rivalries among ruling families.
		Although Panama's judiciary is formally independent, it is reported to be subject to corruption and political manipulation.
		Panama has a lengthy history of multi-party politics, although its parties have traditionally revolved around personalities rather than strict ideologies.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/polity/Pan1.htm (501 words)

	Panama - Panamanian Business Etiquette, Vital Manners, Cross Cultural Communication, and Geert Hofstede Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Panama has a population of 2.4 Million people and is one of the smallest countries in Central America.
		Panama is a multiparty republic, with a president, two vice-presidents, a cabinet, a unicameral legislative assembly serving 5 year terms, and a supreme court.
		The Panama Canal was completed in 1914 and is under control of the U.S. It is due to return to Panamanian control on 31 December 1999.
	www.cyborlink.com /besite/panama.htm (604 words)

	The United States Invasion of Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Panama’s aid helped maintain the Nicaraguan economy stable enough for the upcoming elections, where the economy’s well being was an important issue.
		The intervention in Panama was due largely to actions made by Noriega because one of the reasons given for the intervention in Panama was that the United States sought to end the Noriega regime and install a democratic government.
		Among the SOA’s nearly 60,000 graduates are notorious dictators Manuel Noriega and Omar Torrijos of Panama, Leopoldo Galtieri and Roberto Viola of Argentina, Juan Velasco Alvarado of Peru, Guillermo Rodríguez of Ecuador, and Hugo Banzer Suarez of Bolivia.
	www.georgetown.edu /sfs/programs/clas/Pubs/entre2003/Panama.html (4875 words)

	Panama
		Just for Panama alone, about 80%-90% of her foreign economic transactions are with the U.S., and at least 50% of all private sector business in Panama is U.S. related.
		Panama became one of the 4 Latin American countries forming the Contadora Group in 1983 launching efforts to negotiate peace for the sovereign nations of Central America.
		One of the confusions about Panama's politics lie in the fact that Noriega was from the poorer sectors of Panama society and represented an anti-oligarchic philosophy.
	www.brianwillson.com /awolpanama.html (8506 words)

	Panama - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Theodore Roosevelt's gunboat diplomacy[?] and the United States military separated Panama from Colombia and made it a puppet state in 1903 to build and dominate the unborn Panama Canal.
		On December 31 of 1999, the United States handed over the canal zone to Panama.
		Panama is divided into 9 provinces (provincias) and 2 territories (comarca), marked by a *:
	openproxy.ath.cx /pa/Panama.html (349 words)

	Articles - Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After Torrijos's death, power eventually became concentrated in the hands of Gen. Manuel Noriega, a former head of Panama's secret police and a former CIA operative.
		Ostensibly, the death of an unarmed U.S. soldier in plain clothes in Panama at a Panamanian Defence Forces roadblock was one of the precipitating causes for the invasion.
		A few hours after the invasion, in a ceremony that took place inside a US military base in the former Panama Canal Zone, Guillermo Endara was sworn in as the new president of Panama.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/Panama (1090 words)

	Panama The Politics of Frustrated Nationalism - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current ...
		Despite Panama's large maritime fleet (the sixth greatest in the world), Britain and the United States did not invite Panama to a special conference of the major world maritime powers in London to discuss Suez.
		The widespread disorders of the previous fall had had a sobering effect on the political elite, who seriously feared that new rioting might be transformed into a revolutionary movement against the social system itself.
		Panama was to share in the initial, large-scale loans to support self-help housing.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/panama/panama_history_the_politics_of_frustrated_nationalism.html (1096 words)

	Noriegaville - News, Opinion and Information from Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Panama is an inhospitable and tough place for honest people, and the living proof for that statement is Dr. Miguel Antonio Bernal.
		Panama, CIP3000 - An article that appeared October 13th in the business section of La Prensa informs that the Administrator of the Panama Canal Authority ACP, Alberto Alemán, "sold" last June his shares in the company Constructora Urbana S.A. According to the article, Alemán owned 15% of the CUSA shares.
		PANAMA - While the board of directors of the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) was unanimously re-electing Alberto Aleman Zubieta as the Canal Administrator for the next 7 years, Noriegaville interviewed economy professor Roberto N. Mendez from the University of Panama about the plans to expand the Canal with an extra set of locks.
	www.noriegaville.com (960 words)

	The Panama Canal Sellout
		Panama has now returned to haunt the man who staked his political career on the issue.
		That same day all Panama files were reportedly moved under tight security from their normal storage area to the tenth-floor offices of Gordon Fink, assistant DEA administrator for intelligence.
		The agreement with Panama has become, finally something of a catch-22 symphony orchestrated by special interests for the benefit of banks and multinational corporations and unpopular presidents and corrupt generals.
	www.czimages.com /CZMemories/Articles/sellout/sellout.htm (5665 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Panama
		Panama, Nicaragua and Honduras are the countries in the region most dependent on oil imports...
		The Panama City developer, 53, cited his age and the difficulty of simultaneously running a statewide campaign while handling his second and final session as speaker of the Florida House as his main reasons for not running.
		The reasons included successful performance in Grenada, Panama and the Gulf war, professionalism (on racial integration and drug abuse, for example) and active communication to burnish its image (which may, of course, now be at risk in the wake of Abu Ghraib and Baghdad).
	politics.surfwax.com /files/Panama_Election.html (4649 words)

	FOR: Panamá Update, Spring 1997
		The United States and Panama are expected to announce soon the start of formal negotiations to maintain a U.S. military presence in the proposed "counter-drug center" in Panama after 1999.
		Panama’s Jesuit community also expressed its "concern that the U.S. bases in Panama could be turning into a U.S. covert operation that surprises us with unwanted results." The Jesuits noted that "in all negotiations between the strong and the weak, the latter always loses."
		It was Panama’s award of a port privatization contract to a Hong Kong conglomerate, leaving the U.S. corporate giant Bechtel a losing bidder, that most infuriated both Democrats and Republicans, however.
	www.forusa.org /programs/panama/archives/0497-2.htm (1764 words)

	Magazine Articles on Panama (1-10)
		IDB supports sustainable growth and fiscal management in Panama The IDB and Panamanian government officials signed two loans totaling $25.2 million to support a program for the sustainable development of the country's Bocas del Toro region and a program to strengthen the fiscal management of the public sector.
		IDB supports sustainable development in Panama The IDB has approved financing of $15.2 million for the first of two phases of a $46.9 million program to promote sustainable development in the Bocas del Toro region of Panama.
		Panama wants to stay out of the drug war Fearful of walking in the footsteps of Thailand during the Vietnam War, officials in Panama want to stay out of the U.S. offensive in Colombia.
	www.magportal.com /c/soc/reg/am/pan/old.php3/1 (440 words)

	Panama at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Panama was part of the Spanish Colonization in America until 1821 when it seceded and joined the Great Colombia of Simón Bolívar.
		In 1968, General Omar Torrijos took over the reigns of government and was the virtual strongman of Panama until his death in an airplane accident in 1981.
		By the Torrijos-Carter Treaty, on December 31 of 1999, the United States returned all canal-related lands, buildings and infrastructure as well as full administration of the canal to Panama.
	wiki.tatet.com /Panama.html (785 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Panama / Bibliography
		A Panama Forest and Shore: Natural History and Amerindian Culture in Bocas del Toro.
		The Kuna Gathering: Contemporary Village Politics in Panama.
		Politics in Latin America, A Hoover Institution Series, Robert Wesson (General Editor).
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/panama/pa_bibl.html (485 words)

	NotiSur - Latin American Political Affairs; September 9, 1994
		Ernesto Perez Balladares was sworn in as president of Panama in the first peaceful transfer of power between two civilian leaders in more than two decades.
		The president pointed out that even though the country's economy registered a growth of 7% in 1993, the distribution of wealth in Panama is one of the worst in Latin America.
		The FG was organized by dissident Justicialistas and small left-center parties and emerged as a strong political force in the constituent assembly elections, in which they did surprisingly well.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/notisur/h94/notisur.19940909.html (3123 words)

	The Panama Canal: Can We Afford To Give It Up?
		Panama Canal continues to be the main issue.
		in the coffin of the Monroe Doctrine.14 Politically, the
		fied in the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1988/SFM.htm (2789 words)

	Inter Press Service English News Wire: POLITICS-PANAMA: CANAL NEUTRALITY IS BIGGEST CHALLENGE FOR 2000@ HighBeam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		PANAMA CITY, Dec. 15 (IPS) -- Guaranteeing the neutrality of the
		Panama Canal will be one of the biggest challenges facing this
		treaty between Panama and the United States, under which the canal
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:36510474&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (200 words)

	Politics of Panama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Panama is a representative democracy with three branches of government: executiveand legislative branches elected by direct vote for 5-year terms, and an independently appointed judiciary.
		The judicial branch is organized under a nine-member Supreme Court and includes all tribunals and municipal courts.An autonomous ElectoralTribunal supervises voter registration, the election process, and the activities of political parties.
		Political pressure groups and leaders: Chamber of Commerce; National Civic Crusade; National Council of OrganizedWorkers or CONATO; National Council of Private Enterprise or CONEP; Panamanian Association of Business Executives or APEDE;Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP; Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP See also: List of political parties inPanama
	www.therfcc.org /politics-of-panama-100296.html (649 words)

	Panama Canal: Panamanian Control
		In the 1960s there was increasing agitation in Panama to achieve greater Panamanian control over the canal, resulting in the negotiation of a new treaty (1967) which failed, however, to gain ratification by the Panamanian government.
		It returned the Panama Canal Zone to Panama while setting up joint U.S.-Panamanian control of the canal until the end of 1999, when Panama gained full control.
		Panama Canal Authority Celebrates Five-Year Anniversary of Successful Panamanian Administration; ACP Assumed Control of Waterway December 31, 1999.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0860218.html (196 words)

	The Washington Times : Panamanians doubt control of canal will escape politics.(Leaving Panama) @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A strict constitutional fire wall divides the Panamanian government and the future administration of the Panama Canal to keep the government from tampering with the canal's operation.
		But that does not keep Panamanians from speculating on which party and whose cronies will be in position to reap the spoils when the United States abandons the waterway at year's end.
		"Since I was born, I have never heard of a national government that was clean and honest," said Mayin Correa, the popular and politically independent mayor of Panama City.
	static.highbeam.com /t/thewashingtontimes/january101999/panamaniansdoubtcontrolofcanalwillescapepoliticsle/index.html (241 words)

	Politics of Panama -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Politics of Panama -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		(A republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence from Colombia in 1903) Panama is a representative democracy with three branches of government: executive and legislative branches elected by direct vote for 5-year terms, and an independently appointed judiciary.
		See also : (A republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence from Colombia in 1903) Panama
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/politics_of_panama.htm (603 words)

	Panama News - Media Monitoring Service by EIN News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Panama Petrochem inks Rs 30 crore expansion plan
		Enjoy Asian and Indian teas with panini sandwiches at the historic Panama.
		Suspect in slaying of Panama City Beach officer seeks death
	www.einnews.com /panama (284 words)

	U.S. Policy / Panama
		Our Man in Panama: How General Noriega Used the United States and Made Millions in Drugs and Arms.
		Noriega's life is threaded through this account of corrupt Panamanian politics and U.S.-Panama relations since the 1960s, with emphasis on the period of Noriega's strongman leadership that concluded with George Bush's invasion of December, 1989.
		Noriega's version of events is then investigated and largely confirmed by Peter Eisner, formerly a Latin America correspondent for Newsday, who was in Panama during the invasion.
	www.namebase.org /books86.html (286 words)

	Panama
		18 Nov 1840 State of Panama (secession from Colombia).
		¹The Panama Canal Treaty mandated that "the U.S. shall employ a national of the U.S. as Administrator of the Panama Canal Commission, and a Panamanian nation as Deputy Administrator, through 31 Dec 1989.
		Beginning 1 Jan 1990, a Panamanian national shall be employed as the Administrator and a national of the U.S. shall occupy the position of Deputy Administrator."
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Panama.htm (1496 words)

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