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Topic: Politics of Somalia

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Foreign relations of Somalia

Culture of Somalia

Military of Somalia

History of Somalia

Somaliland

Ibrahim Egal

Abdullahi Yusuf

Somalian Civil War

Puntland

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Southwestern Somalia

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Regions of Somalia

Bari, Somalia

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	Somalia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Somalia was one of the many countries devastated by the tsunami which struck the Indian Ocean coast following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, destroying entire villages and killing an estimated 300 people.
		Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator between the Gulf of Aden on the north and Indian Ocean on the east.
		Somalia continues to have one of the highest child mortality rates in the world, with 10% of children dying at birth and 25% of those surviving birth dying before age five.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Somalia (2201 words)

	Politics of Somalia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Somalia, although there are various governments and warlords fighting for domination, there is a debate on just what the form of mainstream Somali society is. Stateless capitalists and this World Bank report say that Somalia is a reasonably stable stateless capitalist order.
		A disputed fraction of refugees that leave Somalia claim that Somalia is chaotic, that the lack of a dominant central government is responsible for the chaos, and that warlords and their centralized, hierarchical private armies are the main opposition to government, which is itself centralized and hierarchical.
		Political pressure groups and leaders: numerous clan and subclan factions are currently vying for power, along with the United Somali Front.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Somalia (1210 words)

	Why War? Keywords: Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Somalia is an African country that exists solely in a de jure capacity.
		Somalia has no recognized central government authority, president, national currency, or any other feature associated with a well-established nation state.
		Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator between the Gulf of Aden on the north and Indian Ocean on the west.
	www.why-war.com /encyclopedia/places/somalia (1287 words)

	Somalia - History and Politics
		Led by Congolese Vice-President Azarias Ruberwa, the RCD-G is a close political ally of the Rwandan government and the bulk of its leaders hail from the Banyamulenge community.
		Political activity among African people was forbidden by the authorities, but in 1950 the Alliance des Bakongo (Abako) was formed with the aim of promoting the language and culture of the Kongo people.
		Although political activity outside the MPR was banned, parliamentary deputies under the leadership of Etienne Tshisekedi established the Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social (UDPS) in 1982.
	www.iss.co.za /AF/profiles/DRCongo/Politics.html (2999 words)

	Somalia - History and Politics
		A total of 60% of the population of Somalia, concentrated primarily in the north, is nomadic.
		The political unit that developed in the interior from the 13 th century onward that forms a prototype for contemporary political structures was the diya-paying group.
		Somalia was characterised by an economy of plunder and criminality whereby inter-clan fighting could not be distinguished from responses to criminality.
	www.iss.co.za /AF/profiles/Somalia/Politics.html (10720 words)

	POLITICS-SOMALIA: The President Without a Capital
		Diplomats and political analysts warn now that it is essential for Yusuf to return to the Somali capital, Mogadishu, as soon as possible to cement the legitimacy of his government.
		However, any effort to set up a central government in Somalia is likely to be bedeviled by the fact that 13 years of conflict have left the country awash with arms (regional aid groups put the number of weapons at over 500,000).
		Somalia is currently the main source of refugees travelling to the United Kingdom, according to Mullin.
	www.ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=25990 (958 words)

	POLITICS-SOMALIA : REVERSING A DECADE OF LAWLESSNESS
		Somalia collapsed into lawlessness in 1991 after dictator Mohamed Siad Barre was ousted by a coalition of militia groups formed along tribal lines.
		Talks on restoring a proper government to Somalia were held under the auspices of the Inter Governmental Authority on Development, a regional grouping that comprises Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Uganda, Somalia and Sudan.
		Two regions of Somalia, Puntland in the north-east and Somaliland in the north-west, refused to participate in the Kenya talks.
	www.ipsterraviva.net /Africa/send.asp?idnews=56 (852 words)

	Somalia page
		Somalia is a member of the Arab League, even though the Somalis are not Arabs and their language only distantly related to the Semitic group.
		On the fall of the Emperor of Ethiopia, Somalia switched, in a maneuver reminiscent of George Orwell's "1984", to being an ally of the United States - from 1978-1988.
		However, Somalia is now largely isolated from the outside world with a collapsed economy in a desert which seems to be becoming increasingly dry, perhaps due to long term climatic change or population increase accompanied by over-grazing.
	www.angelfire.com /mac/egmatthews/worldinfo/africa/somalia.html (1250 words)

	Somalia - Politics of Succession
		The SNM's political objectives began to clarify by the end of February 1991, when the organization held a conference at which the feasibility of revoking the 1960 act of union was seriously debated.
		The SNM administration persuaded the leaders of all the north's major clans to attend a conference at Burao in April 1991, at which the region's political future was debated.
		During 1991 and 1992, the interim government established the sharia as the principal law of the new republic and chose a national flag.
	countrystudies.us /somalia/75.htm (710 words)

	Somalia - POLITICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		By 1992 the multiplicity of political rivalries among the country's numerous clans seriously jeopardized Somalia's continued existence as a unified state.
		In particular, he distributed political offices and the powers and rewards concomitant with these positions disproportionately to three clans of the Daarood: his own clan, the Mareehaan; the clan of his son-in-law, the Dulbahante; and the clan of his mother, the Ogaden.
		The forced dissolution of political parties in 1969 and the continuing prohibition of political activity tended to enhance the importance of clans because family gatherings remained virtually the only regular venue where politics could be discussed freely.
	countrystudies.us /somalia/72.htm (363 words)

	Jamboweb.com African Resources: POLITICS-SOMALIA: A BUMPY TRIP HOME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Somalia has long laid claim to the eastern Ogaden region of Ethiopia, which is inhabited by ethnic Somalis.
		Debate about the need for regional peacekeepers has also been shadowed by memories of the last foreign intervention in Somalia, which was staged in response to widespread hunger in the country.
		Somalia's government, headed by President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, will rule the country for a five-year period after which general elections are to be held.
	www.jamboweb.com /ctnt/index.cfm?page=2&icontent_id=1292&isection_id=26 (500 words)

	POLITICS-SOMALIA : CABINET FAILS TO PASS MUSTER — WOMEN’S ACTIVISTS
		Somalia’s constitution states that 12 percent of all decision-making posts in government should be reserved for women, which means that at least 10 women should have been appointed to cabinet, and 33 women to parliament.
		"After 14 years of war and lawlessness in Somalia, this is the first national reconciliation government and therefore the size is useful for the task of uniting the nation," Yusuf Baribari, head of the presidential press service, told journalists in the Kenyan capital — Nairobi.
		The presidential spokesman said Somalia’s government was working with persons in Puntland to assist tsunami victims, and that a disaster management committee had been established in the region to liaise with international aid agencies.
	www.ipsterraviva.net /Africa/send.asp?idnews=24 (823 words)

	POLITICS-SOMALIA: A Bumpy Trip Home
		The transitional administration was established last year in Kenya, after the 1991 overthrow of dictator Mohamed Siad Barre by tribal factions left Somalia without a government.
		Certain members of the country's 275-seat parliament (MPs) believe government should move to Mogadishu as required by Somalia's transitional constitution, even though the capital is widely viewed as being the most dangerous spot in a country riven by faction fighting.
		However, several of the most important figures in Somalia's 74-member cabinet were reported to have walked out of the session where this vote took place - including Osman Ali Atto and Musa Sudi Yalahow.
	ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=28604 (1000 words)

	afrol News - Somalia optimistic after President's inauguration
		The inauguration of Somalia's first President since 1991 caused load cheering among the 275 MPs gathered in the Kenyan capital, most of them for the entire two years it took to reach a peace and reconciliation deal.
		Somalia's readmission came together with the one of Iraq and several small countries that had failed to pay their contribution to the UN, such as Comoros and São Tomé and Príncipe.
		For Somalia, however, the event was more symbolic as it represents the country's return to be represented as a unified nation.
	www.afrol.com /articles/14536 (1011 words)

	Wikinfo \| Somalia
		Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator and, with Ethiopia and Djibouti, is often referred to as the Horn of Africa.
		It comprises Italy's former Trust Territory of Somalia and the former British Protectorate of Somaliland (now seeking recognition as an independent state).
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Somalia (797 words)

	Politics \| Qarxis.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Somalia has been without a recognised central government since the collapse of Mohamed Siad Barre's regime in January 1991.
		The Somali government is near the final stages to establish itself into Somalia.
		With a new government we obviously need a new website to keep us updated about the latest government activities therefore "dowlada.com" came into existence (it means government in Afsomali for those with poor somali vocabulary).
	www.qarxis.com /taxonomy/term/7/9 (433 words)

	NOVIB SOMALIA - Partners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Women don’t have right to represent their clans; they were not elected to a political office in the clan-dominated politics of Somalia.
		Somalia is a traditional society; mainstream politics has included few women and has rarely allowed women’s concerns to come to the fore.
		A consolidated effort by government and NGOs to help women obtain the basic education towards religion, politics, leadership, good governance and strengthening the advocacy for women raising their awareness etc. all help women to be an active participants in the rebuilding of the Somali political structure.
	www.somali-civilsociety.org /partners/cogwo_somaliwomenfacts.asp (496 words)

	AllRefer.com - Somalia - Government and Politics \| Somalian Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Siad Barre was determined to implement policies to benefit the country economically and socially and to diminish the political influence of the clans.
		During his regime's early years, Somalia experienced considerable economic development and efforts were made to replace clan loyalty with national pride.
		The reemergence of clan politics cast doubt on the prospects for Somalia's stability and unity.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/somalia/somalia89.html (948 words)

	Somalia Somaliland on the Internet
		Has her biography, a video of Iman's visit to Somalia with the ICRC (Red Cross) during the famine, (her first visit in 20 years), meeting her uncle in Baidoa, visiting Mogadishu, etc. includes a diary of her visit and a conversation with Sudanese model, Alek Wek.
		Has a country profile, documents on political developments in Somaliland such as the results of the Somaliland May 31, 2001 constitutional referendum, a report on the Somaliland National Referendum, May 31, 2001, in Adobe PDF, text of the Constitution.
		Country Reports for Somalia, photographs for purchase (free to non-profits and non sectarian orgs.), an audio file of "That's When I Realized This Is Real" - Weris Jama, from Somalia, talks about her experience being forced to flee Somalia in 1990.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/somalia.html (6448 words)

	Area Handbook Series/ Somalia / Bibliography
		Mogadishu, Somalia: Geographic Assets of its Evolution, Population, Functions, and Morphology.
		Somalia: Country Programme for the 1980s for Presentation to the United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries.
		Somalia: The Government's Inadequate Response to the Killing and Arrests of Demonstrators.
	www.country-data.com /frd/cs/somalia/so_bibl.html (5110 words)

	Somalia Copes With Impact of Tsunami and Political Upheaval (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		"Somalia is located many many miles away from where the tsunami actually started so by the time it got to Somalia it was not as strong," he said.
		Somalia has had a civil war since the Mohamed Siad Barre government collapsed in 1991," he replied.
		Molitor pointed out that Somalia's transitional government still remains in exile in Kenya, afraid to return to the capital Mogadishu, where anarchy reigns and gunmen roam the streets.
	www.voanews.com /english/NewsAnalysis/2005-02-15-voa16.cfm (632 words)

	POLITICS-SOMALIA: The President Without a Capital By Joyce Mulama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The ready flow of cheap weapons has fuelled disputes between the faction leaders who took control of Somalia after Barre was ousted - and so deepened the effects of disease and food scarcity on the country.
		He said the circulation of weapons in Somalia had also made the country a source of regional instability - a point noted earlier this year by the former minister of foreign affairs, Kalonzo Musyoka.
		The negotiations that allowed a new administration to be established for Somalia have been conducted under the auspices of the Inter Governmental Authority on Development - a regional body comprising Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti.
	www.chasque.apc.org /ips_eng/notas/2004/10/23/17:42:57.html (953 words)

	Aman Daily News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Somalia: UN Relief Official Condemns Murders of Women And Children – January 28, 2004 - 19:25
		Somalia: UN Condemns Killings of Women And Children – January 28, 2004 - 19:14
		SOMALIA: UN condemns killings of women and children – January 28, 2004 - 17:42
	www.amanjordan.org /english/daily_news/wmview.php?ArtCat=23 (155 words)

	Nile Water Politics.... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		For half a century, Egypt has maintained its monopoly over the Nile by fostering regional instability.
		Addis Ababa claims that Cairo provided military intelligence, training and arms to separatist rebels, contributing to Ethiopia’s civil war and the eventual partitioning of the country into Ethiopia and Eritrea.
		In 1997, South Africa received almost 40 percent of all foreign investment in Africa and 90 percent of all portfolio investment, reported The Economist.
	www.somaliawatch.org /archivejuly/000810605.htm (839 words)

	AllRefer.com - Somalia - Politics of Reconciliation \| Somalian Information Resource
		During the final three years of Siad Barre's rule, there was relatively intense fighting throughout the country as the opposition groups gradually wrested control of extensive areas: the SNM in the northwest, the SSDF in the northeast, the USC in central Somalia, and the SPM in the south.
		In addition to their commitment to democratization, those involved with the CNRS also wished to create a political organization that would transcend clan loyalties.
		Nevertheless, the president was reluctant to take immediate action against the signatories because of the risks involved in antagonizing so many different clans and further straining diplomatic relations with donor countries that had become critical of his regime's human rights policies (see Foreign Relations, this ch.).
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/somalia/somalia98.html (746 words)

	Somalia - Education Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Notes on Somalia from the Department of State.
		A collection of information regarding asylum law in Somalia, also provides maps and images.
		Basic information including the judicial system, politics and foreign relations provided by The Library of Congress.
	www.mepc.org /public_asp/resources_links/Somalia.asp (181 words)

	Ace Weekly
		Though this military entry was sponsored by the Clinton Administration, it was vigorously lobbied for by Admiral Jonathan Howe, a former member of the National Security Council (under George Bush), and the top UN guy on the ground in Somalia.
		Somalis died, but when four journalists covering that attack were killed by a Somali mob, Somalia finally made the news.
		Bowden, quoting Powell, makes it clear that the U.S. never had any reasonable expectation that Somalia would break out in "full-fledged Jeffersonian Democracy" and he cites an unnamed state department official as saying "here you have a country where just about everybody is caught up in hatred and fighting.
	www.aceweekly.com /Backissues_ACEWeekly/2002/020124/letters_020124.html (1036 words)

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