Polkovnik (Russian: полко́вник), universally treated as Colonel, began as a commander of a distinct group of troops, Old Slavonic polk (полк), arranged for a particular battle.
The rank was legalized by Table of Ranks that placed it in the 6th grade as the second-top field officer, right under the Brigadier.
The Red Army reintroduced the Polkovnik rank in 1935, together with a number of other former Russian ranks, and it has been used in many ex-USSR countries, including Russian Federation, to the present day.
www.bookrags.com /Polkovnik (191 words)
Air War Vietnam: What the Soviets Learned(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
Polkovnik V. Babich, "The Tactics of Radioelectronic Warfare," Part 2, Aviatsia i Kosmonavtika, April 1975.
Polkovnik A. Anikeyenko and Podpolkovnik V. Pimenov, "Surprise in the Activity of Tactical Aviation," Voyenniy Vestnik, February 1980.
Polkovnik R. Klyuyev, "F-111 and Its Modifications," Aviatsia i Kosmonavtika, January 1980.
Polkovnik Serafimovo had more than 2000 inhabitants at its peak, and it was certainly evident to us that it had once been a thriving place with a larger population than its current 180.
Near the village square was a forlorn old municipal building that was once a school; it was closed many years ago because there were no longer enough children living in the village to keep it open.
And then there were the holy day celebrations, when young and old alike climbed steep paths to a tiny chapel hidden in the woods for prayers and blessings, followed by a picnic feast on the lawn.
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The explosions that sparked the bloody end to the September 2004 school hostage-taking in Beslan were set off when sharpshooters killed two militants holding triggers to homemade bombs, Nur-Pashi Kulayev, the only surviving Beslan hostage-taker, tried for the massacre on Tuesday, testified.
The Itar-Tass news agency quoted Nur-Pashi Kulayev as saying that the leader of the 32 heavily armed militants — whom he called Polkovnik (Colonel) —; entered the packed gymnasium where more than 1,100 hostages were held after the bombs detonated and smashed his cell phone.
According to Kulayev, Polkovnik said: “They won’t take pity on anyone; we fight to the last cartridge”.
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His 95th Rife Division (Polkovnik Gorischny) was badly mauled, most of the remaining soldiers had to be assigned to neighbouring units, the 37th Guards Rifle Division (Polkovnik Schodulov) was disbanded and the survivors assigned to 118th Rifle Regiment of 138th Rifle Division (Polkovnik Ivan Iljitsch Ljudnikov).
The later received also the rest of 308th Rifle Division (Polkovnik Gurtjev).
Another difficulty arose when the STAVKA (Soviet high command of Red Army) withdrew many batteries of the long range artillery from the east side of the Volga to other parts of the front.
With their fists and with the butts of their guns they pushed the Emperor this way and that as though he were some wretched vagrant they were baiting in a country road.
Colonel)." "We don't permit you to walk in that direction, Gospodin Polkovnik." "Stand back when you are commanded, Gospodin Polkovnik." The Emperor, apparently unmoved, looked from one of these coarse brutes to another and with great dignity turned and walked back towards the palace.
I had been a very sick woman, and I was now hardly fit to stand on my feet.
