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	Poll tax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A poll tax, soul tax, or capitation is a tax of a uniform, fixed amount per individual (as opposed to a percentage of income).
		A poll tax in the sense of capitation plays an important role in the history of taxation in the United States and the adoption of income tax as a significant source of government funding.
		John of Gaunt, the regent of Richard II of England, levied his poll tax in 1380 to finance the war against France that was in progress.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poll_tax (2028 words)

	Poll tax
		In the United Kingdom, "Poll Tax" commonly refers to two taxes levied by John of Gaunt and Margaret Thatcher, in the fourteenth and twentieth centuries respectively.
		John of Gaunt, the regent of Richard II of England, levied his poll tax in 1381 to finance the war against France that was in progress.
		This became known as the Poll Tax due to people becoming suspicious (correctly, as events transpired) that the Electoral register[?] would be used to find people for the purposes of collecting this tax.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Poll_tax.html (680 words)

	Poll Tax Riots - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They were in protest against the poll tax introduced by Margaret Thatcher and her government.
		The Poll Tax was the key focus of the conference; but as the coverage of the demonstrations unfolded, intense speculation also developed for the first time about Thatcher's position as Party leader.
		It is thought that the demonstrations against the Poll Tax, together with the general opposition to it (which was especially strong in the North of England (Community Resistance and Anti Poll-Tax Unions) and Scotland (APTUs)) strongly contributed to the downfall of Margaret Thatcher, who resigned as Prime Minister before the end of the year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poll_Tax_Riots (1793 words)

	Poll tax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A poll tax is a tax of a uniform, fixed amount per individual (as opposed to a percentage of income).
		There are several famous cases of poll taxes in history, notably a tax formerly required for voting in parts the United States that was often designed to disenfranchise African Americans, as well as two taxes levied by John of Gaunt and Margaret Thatcher in the fourteenth and twentieth centuries respectively.
		The word poll is an English word that also means "head", hence the name poll tax for a per-person tax.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/p/po/poll_tax.html (810 words)

	Poll tax - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A poll tax, head tax, or capitation is a tax of a uniform, fixed amount per individual (as opposed to a percentage of income).
		Since "going to the polls" is a common idiom for voting (deriving, of course, from the fact that early voting involved head-counts), a new folk etymology has supplanted any knowledge of the phrase's true origins in America.
		After the right to vote was extended to all races by the enactment of the Fifteenth Amendment, many Southern states enacted poll tax laws which often included a grandfather clause that allowed any adult male whose father or grandfather had voted to vote without paying the tax.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Poll_tax (1222 words)

	Poll tax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A poll tax is a tax of a uniform fixed amount per (as opposed to a percentage of income).
		There are several cases of poll taxes in history notably tax formerly required for voting in parts the United States that was often designed disenfranchise African Americans as well as two taxes levied John of Gaunt and Margaret Thatcher in the fourteenth and twentieth centuries
		That the tax was in Scotland a year before the rest the UK was another fatal political mistake Thatcher - the already low support of policies north of the border turned into greater apathy and planted seeds of distrust the Tories within the Scottish people which to haunt the Conservative Party to the day.
	www.freeglossary.com /Poll_tax (972 words)

	Poll-Tax - LoveToKnow 1911
		The most famous poll-tax in English history is the one levied in 1380, which led to the revolt of the peasants under Wat Tyler in 1381, but the first instance of the kind was in 1377, when a tax of a groat a head was voted by both clergy and laity.
		Like previous poll-taxes, the tax of 1698 did not produce as much as was anticipated, and it was the last of its kind in England.
		Man y of the states of the United States of America raise money by levying poll-taxes, or, as they are usually called, capitation taxes, the payment of this tax being a necessary preliminary to the exercise of the suffrage.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Poll-Tax (405 words)

	A A World . Reference Room . Articles . Poll Tax \| PBS
		Of the poll taxes in English history, the most famous was the one levied in 1380, a main cause of the peasant's revolt of 1381 led by Wat Tyler.
		The origin of the tax is associated with the agrarian unrest of the 1880s and 1890s, which culminated in the rise of the Populist Party in the West and the South.
		When payment of the poll tax was made a prerequisite to voting, impoverished fls and often poor whites, unable to afford the tax, were denied the right to vote.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/poll_tax.html (297 words)

	BEATING THE POLL TAX - Anarchist Communist Federation - 1989/1990 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Poll tax preparations were threatened not because workers employed to organise poll tax were angry enough to strike against it, but because - in pursuit of their pay claim - they’d withdrawn their labour to pressurise councils into increasing their wages.
		Poll tax law allows a maximum three-month period in which to pay up - Christie’s intervention was the equivalent of announcing that you aren’t going to be paying your gas bill until you got the red one.
		The flat-rate poll tax, by shifting the burden of paying for council services far more onto the shoulders of the poor, will mean that working class people won’t be able to afford to vote in councils prepared to spend money on the services they need and use.
	flag.blackened.net /af/ace/polltax.html (5808 words)

	poll tax. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Poll taxes enacted in Southern states between 1889 and 1910 had the effect of disenfranchising many fls as well as poor whites, because payment of the tax was a prerequisite for voting.
		By the 1940s some of these taxes had been abolished, and in 1964 the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution disallowed the poll tax as a prerequisite for voting in federal elections.
		In 1966 this prohibition was extended to all elections by the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that such a tax violated the “equal protection” clause of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.
	www.bartleby.com /65/po/polltax.html (258 words)

	USATODAY.com - Poll: Most Americans say tax system unjust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An Ipsos Poll released this week found almost six of 10 people, 58%, say the system is unjust, a number that is virtually unchanged from two decades ago.
		Tax cuts for the wealthy have been at the heart of a bitter partisan tax debate during much of this Bush administration.
		The poll of 1,005 adults was conducted April 11-13 by Ipsos, an international polling firm, and has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3 percentage points.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2006-04-15-tax-system-poll_x.htm (420 words)

	Oregon Poll Taxes
		Poll tax lists can be used as a census substitute to locate men who did not own property and, therefore, are not included in deed indexes.
		Poll taxes were sometimes included in the regular assessment rolls in a column entitled, "Polls." Sometimes the poll tax was taken out of the regular roll books and assembled in a "Poll Book." This means all types of tax records must be inspected for poll taxes.
		It was only after we knew for sure, from poll tax records, that he had lived in Linn County at one point that we extended the search for an obituary in all newspapers in that county.
	www.orednet.org /~clenzen/polltaxes.html (1105 words)

	The Tax Foundation - Poll Shows We're Ready for Tax Reform
		The poll questions are comprised of an equal number of time-tested poll questions (such as Gallop’s famous question whether we think we pay too much in taxes), and a series of new questions aimed at understanding Americans’ receptivity to fundamental tax reform.
		The poll results show that a majority of Americans believe federal taxes are too high, the tax code is too complex, the tax system is unfair, and they support tax simplification even if that means giving up deductions and exemptions.
		When they were asked specifically whether they would favor or oppose a flat tax whereby everybody, whatever they earned, would pay income taxes on the same percentage of their income over some minimum level, 54 percent of respondents favored the plan while 21% opposed it.
	www.taxfoundation.org /news/show/346.html (1500 words)

	An anarchist view on the poll tax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Opposition to the poll tax is wide-ranging, which is why it is vital to assert the primacy of working class interests.
		The 100, 000 strong NHS demo organised by the TUC in 1988 was not attacked by the police, unlike the unofficial poll tax march which advocated defence of the law.
		The poll tax is massively unpopular and the struggle against it must therefore have considerable anti capitalist potential.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/awg/poll_tax.3.html (3486 words)

	Poll Tax - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Poll taxes are the same for all persons subject to...
		- tax levied equally on all: a flat-rate tax levied on all members of a population, often as a prerequisite to voting
		tax, poll tax, levy, toll, duty, fee, charge, payment, amount
	encarta.msn.com /Poll_Tax.html (122 words)

	Poll: More want jobs program, reduced deficit than tax cut. - Apr. 15, 2004
		It found 79 percent of Republicans believed the tax cuts were somewhat or very successful in stimulating the economy, while 65 percent of Democrats said the cuts were not too successful or not at all successful.
		Independents were more evenly divided but overall skeptical of the tax cut's help to the economy, with 43 percent saying the cuts were very or somewhat successful and 52 percent saying they were not too successful or not successful at all.
		Overall 48.4 percent thought the tax cuts were very or somewhat helpful stimulating the economy, while 45.1 percent felt they were not at all or not too successful stimulating the economy.
	money.cnn.com /2004/04/15/news/economy/election_moneypoll/index.htm?... (537 words)

	Harris Interactive \| The Harris Poll - Income tax
		One such idea, advocated most often by Republican presidential candidate Steve Forbes, is for a flat tax with everyone paying taxes "on the same percentage of their income over some minimum level." This idea sounds better than the current system to an almost two-to-one majority (60% to 35%).
		The Harris Poll also finds that fully 59% of the public pay someone, a person or a firm, to prepare their taxes and that almost all of these people (96%) are either very (76%) or somewhat (20%) satisfied with their tax preparer.
		This Harris Poll was conducted by telephone within the United States between March 19 to 23, among a nationwide cross section of 1,008 adults.
	www.harrisinteractive.com /harris_poll/index.asp?PID=25 (788 words)

	The Poll Tax (Jizya) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Jizya or poll tax is a personal tax levied on non-Muslims in a Muslim State, and as such it resembles the Zakat (Alms Tax) which is levied on Muslim citizens by the Muslim State.
		When the dues of the poll tax are paid by these people, they have to be supported, protected, granted a freedom of faith, and treated on a footing of justice and equality with Muslims.
		The poll tax is a small sum of money indeed when compared to the services the Muslim State offers to protect the Zimmis and support the army in charge to keep them safe from others' assaults.
	www.islam.tc /alhilaal/site/war6.html (377 words)

	The Virginia Poll Tax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Poll Tax a uniformed tax levied on every adult in the community.
		Poll Taxes are traceable to ancient tax systems and have been criticized as an unfair burden on the poor.
		After the decision, Butts said, ''The victory was a accomplishment for fls and whites who could not afford to pay the tax.'' Butts and her attorney, Joseph A. Jordan, were all at smiles as they celebrated the Supreme Court's reversal of Virginia's Poll Tax in 1966.
	www.melanet.com /watoto/monroe/cyber.html (381 words)

	State: Poll: State tax cuts lose favor
		Thirty-nine percent said taxes have been cut enough and another 34 percent said taxes have been cut too much.
		The poll also found Florida's second-term governor, the younger brother of President Bush, maintaining his popularity with voters, with 51 percent approving of his performance.
		Bush and legislators have backed off their earlier demands for a repeal of the class size amendment, which requires school districts to gradually decrease the number of students in a class by 2009 or face the possible loss of state funds.
	www.sptimes.com /2004/03/07/State/Poll__State_tax_cuts_.shtml (770 words)

	poll tax nightmare
		This system meant that the owner of a property had to pay a local tax (the rates) which was proportional to the rentable value of the property.
		As part of the government’s plans to introduce the poll tax, a new register of people who must pay is being drawn up.
		In Strathclyde about 20 canvassers who were working to introduce the poll tax have been forced to resign due to the public abuse they received.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Lobby/3909/our80s90s/tpt.html (682 words)

	Suffrage in the South, Part I: The Poll Tax
		The poll tax is, perhaps, not the main restriction, but it is certainly a major one, and it is one a great many white southerners are determined to do something about.
		A powerful argument against the claim that the poll tax acts as a qualitative guarantee for electors is the open admission in every state that a large number, in some cases a majority, of the poll tax receipts are paid for by politicians who hold them and vote them wholesale.
		Whether or not one thinks it a good thing, the fact that "poll tax defenders find the threatened loss of white supremacy "their most powerful argument, demands that it be analyzed, and analyzed in southern terms.
	newdeal.feri.org /survey/40a01.htm (5462 words)

	Polltax.co.uk Council Tax and Poll Tax Discussion Forum
		And unfortunately it's not just Council Tax that causes us a problem in the UK, the Poll Tax still affects the lives of people in the UK years after it was abolished.
		For council tax purposes, a person is regarded as severely mentally impaired if he or she suffers, for whatever reason, from severe impairment of intelligence and social functioning which appears to be permanent.
		So that households do not face higher council tax bills than would otherwise be the case because of the special needs of a person with a disability, there is a one band reduction in their bills.
	www.polltax.co.uk (5611 words)

	The Poll Tax: The battle that brought down Thatcher
		The tax was first introduced in Scotland in 1989 to test the water but by March 1990 the campaign north of the border had reduced councils and the poll tax to their knees.
		Fed leaders pledged to fight the poll tax in the courts, against the bailiffs and to defend all non-payers threatened with jail.
		Less than eight months after the poll tax had become law in England and Wales, the Militant-led Federation and its campaign of mass non-payment had finally toppled one of the most hated prime ministers in British history.
	www.militant.org.uk /PollTax.html (2266 words)

	Poll Tax
		A poll or head tax is one imposed equally on all adults at the time of voting and is not affected by property ownership or income.
		The poll tax was used in the South during and after Reconstruction as a means of circumventing the 14th Amendment and denying civil rights to fls.
		This form of taxation gradually fell out of favor in the South in the mid-20th century, but it was not until the adoption of the 24th Amendment that poll taxes were made illegal as a prerequisite for voting in federal elections.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h425.html (164 words)

	Local Government Finance The Poll Tax
		The critical elements in the recent experience of the UK were the reduction in the share of local government spending that is financed by grants from central government combined with bureaucratic incentives to expand local government spending when the blame for its fiscal impact could be shifted elsewhere.
		Its introduction has been badly mismanaged in some parts of the country, however, where it has caused large and essentially random shifts in the tax burden within income groups, because both the poll tax and the domestic rates that it replaced are poorly correlated with income.
		High local tax rates are associated with (and indeed almost certainly cause) high local unemployment; so local control of tax rates may be a dubious privilege.
	www.cepr.org /pubs/Bulletin/meets/268.htm (785 words)

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