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	Pollen basket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pollen basket or corbicula is part of the tibia on the hind legs of those four related lineages of apid bees that used to comprise the family Apidae; the honeybees, bumblebees, stingless bees, and orchid bees.
		First, the pollen is transferred to the pollen comb on the hind legs and then combed, pressed, compacted, and transferred to the outside surface of the tibia of the hind legs.
		Honey and or nectar is used to moisten the dry pollen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pollen_basket (285 words)

	Encyclopedia P - Beekeeping Supplies Protective Clothing Beekeeping Equipment
		The pollen basket is an area of depression on the hind legs that is surrounded by curved spines or hairs, which trap the pollen inside the "basket" as the bee moves its legs across the flower's anther.
		Substitutes are used in place of pollen to stimulate brood rearing in periods of pollen shortage, such as early spring or during a drought.
		Pollen substitutes are also needed during the first two weeks after installing a package of bees or a swarm in an empty hive.
	www.beecare.com /Encyclopedia/Encyclopedia%20P.htm (1103 words)

	Pollen source - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Few flowering plants self pollinate; some can provide their own pollen (self fertile), but require a pollinator to move the pollen; others are dependent on cross pollination from a genetically different source of viable pollen, through the activity of pollinators.
		The pollen source in a given area depends on the type of vegetation present and the length of their bloom period.
		Bees mix dry pollen with nectar and/or honey to compact the pollen in the pollen basket.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pollen_source (439 words)

	CAP Article: Pollen Contents of Honey
		The honeybee combs pollen from her head, body, and forward appendages, mixes it with pollen from her mouth, and transfers it to the corbicula, or "pollen basket", on her posterior pair of legs.
		She believed that the newly established pollen coefficient values could be used as a guide for determining the true unifloral nature of a honey sample, regardless of the data represented by the relative pollen concentrations.
		Because the relative pollen percentage of thyme was less than the minimum of 45% needed for a unifloral classification, Moar multiplies the thyme's APC by 0.45 and then divides by the average relative pollen frequency, (0.42) of thyme in the four samples.
	www.scirpus.ca /cap/articles/paper17.htm (9747 words)

	The Bumblebee Body: Legs
		The pollen basket is easy to spot; when it is empty it is a large, flat shiny area with spiky hairs around the edge, and when it is full it contains pollen which is often yellow, orange or red.
		Pollen is loaded at the bottom of the pollen basket, so the pollen that has been pushed towards the top is from flowers the bumblebee visited earliest on her foraging trip.
		When a pollen basket is full it can weigh as much as 0.01 g and contain as much as 1 000 000 pollen grains.
	www.bumblebee.org /bodyLegs.htm (399 words)

	le pollen, texte anglais et images, page d'insertion
		Pollen foragers cover themselves with a coating of this fine colored dust (from white to fl depending on the species of plant) each time they shake the anthers of a flower.
		The pollen is passed from the first pair of legs to the second and, before piling it into the pollen baskets on the third pair of legs, the bees dampen it with saliva containing nectar to make it sticky.
		Pollen absorption at the end of summer leads to physiological changes that allow the bees to survive winter and start breeding again in spring despite the absence of pollen.
	www.beekeeping.com /info/produits/pollen_us.htm (995 words)

	79.06.04: Bees: An Interdisciplinary Approach
		Pollen is transferred from the pollen brush to the pollen basket by rubbing the two hind legs together, scraping the grains from the tarsus of one leg, and forcing them into the basket on the tibia of the opposite leg.
		The scraping is done by the pollen comb, a row of stiff bristles located at the end of the tibia on the inside; the pollen is forced through a gap between the tibia and tarsus, into the concave pollen basket on the outside of the tibia.
		It lacks pollen baskets on the hind tibiae, a dense brush of hairs serving the purpose.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1979/6/79.06.04.x.html (3817 words)

	Pollination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The process of pollination requires pollinators as agents that carry or move the pollen grains from the anther to the receptive part of the carpel.
		In pollination management, a good pollenizer is a plant that provides compatible, viable and plentiful pollen and blooms at the same time as the plant that is to be pollinated.
		The bee's stash of pollen is on its hind leg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pollination (1438 words)

	Learn more about Pollination in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the flower structure that contains the ovule (female gamete).
		The process of pollination requires pollinators as agents that carry or move the pollen grains from the anther to the receptive part of a female flower or flower part.
		In pollination management, a good pollenizer is a plant that provides compatible, viable and plentiful pollen, and blooms at the same time as the plant that is pollenized.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/po/pollination.html (1220 words)

	Natural Bee Pollen Granules
		Bee pollen has at least "...96 active nutrients, including 22 amino acids, 27 mineral salts, 16 vitamins (including B-12), trace elements, fatty acids, hormones and enzymes." One pound of pollen is comparable to 15 pounds of fruits and veggies.
		Pollen is a complete natural food source supplying all nutrients to maintain healthy immune systems and general overall good health.
		Bee pollen is used to retard hardening of the arteries, to strengthen the circulatory system and combat the symptoms of illness and allergies.
	www.localharvest.org /store/item.jsp?id=2427 (691 words)

	Honey Bee Excrement
		They carry pollen back to the nest within specially arranged hairs on their legs called "pollen baskets." They also sip flower nectar for their carbohydrate source, a sweet liquid consisting mainly of glucose and fructose sugars.
		The appearance and consistency of the pollen mass indicated that it was bee excrement, and not merely pollen stored in the bee's pollen baskets.
		The clumps were formed as honey bees compressed pollen in the enlarged joint between the femur and tibia of their hind legs.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /beepoo1.htm (2053 words)

	Comb
		The pollen is then deposited into the pollen basket.
		Pollen however has a high protein component and along with 10 of the essential amino acids needed for growth.
		"Bee bread" is a mixture of pollen and honey.
	science.exeter.edu /jekstrom/Bee/Comb/Comb.html (184 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The pollen they inevitably lose in going from flower to flower is important to plants because some pollen lands on the pistils (reproductive structures) of other flowers of the same species, resulting in cross-pollination.
		She deposits pollen moistened with nectar or oil into individual cells until enough food has accumulated to provide for the young bee from egg hatching until the larva reaches full size.
		Pollen is carried on brushy areas near the base of the legs and on body hairs.
	www.shalfleetcepri.iow.sch.uk /bees.htm (859 words)

	Bee Anatomy
		the long spines at the end are used to loosen pellets of pollen from the pollen baskets of the hind legs and also for cleaning the wings and the small breathing pores or spiracles.
		It is only the worker that collects pollen and places it in the pollen baskets on these hind legs.
		The pollen is collected from the body by the front and middle legs and deposited on the large flat brushes on the inner sufaces of the hind legs.
	www.captted.com /bees/beemanual/cb05.htm (1399 words)

	Bee Pollen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Once their pollen baskets are full, they return to their hive to store the pollen in a comb.
		Pollen is used as a human food because it contains an amazing spectrum of nutrients: 22 amino acids, 18 vitamins, 25 minerals, 59 trace elements, and 11 enzymes or coenzymes, to name a few.
		Bee pollen is usually dried so that it can be stored at room temperature, but I have always felt that pollen is more nutritious if it is left moist, just as it comes from the pollen trap.
	www.zianet.com /sunmountain/pollen.htm (616 words)

	Bee Pollination of Crops in Ohio, Bulletin 559, Agents of Pollination
		Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil of a flower.
		Fertilization is the union of the female reproductive cell in the ovary with the male germ cell from the pollen grain.
		In the second example, the pollen is transferred from one flower on a plant to another flower on the same plant.
	ohioline.osu.edu /b559/559_2.html (672 words)

	University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County - Home
		Bees collect pollen using a structure on their legs called a “pollen brush” which is used to scrape pollen from the hairs on other parts of their body.
		The collected pollen is packed into a structure called a “pollen basket”, a concave structure on their hind legs.
		Pollen, which is often sticky, gets trapped in the hairs as bees reach deep into the flower for nectar.
	lancaster.unl.edu /feature/guess2_23.htm (287 words)

	San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: Bee
		Pollen is a well-balanced food with many of the essential nutrients bees need to survive.
		The basket is made of rows of stiff hairs that arch to form a hollow space on the outside of the bees’ legs, usually her back legs.
		Eggs are laid on pollen balls in the nest.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /animalbytes/t-bee.html (1778 words)

	Gordon's Entomological Glossary
		The pollen basket on the hind leg of many bees, formed by stout hairs on the borders of the tibia.
		To transfer pollen grains from a stamen to a stigma or ovule of a plant.
		The pollen-collecting apparatus of a bee, whether it be the pollen basket on the leg or a brush of hairs on the abdomen.
	www.earthlife.net /insects/glossary.html (9240 words)

	3evolchp40
		But when the bee specifically is after pollen, it does not have to jump around inside the flower; its body picks up pollen just by brushing past the pollen boxes that are usually held out in front of the flower on long, thin stems.
		These "baskets" are composed of a peculiar arrangement of hairs surrounding a depression on the outer surface of the hind legs.
		On the middle pair of legs at the knee is a short, projecting spur, used to pack pollen into the pollen baskets.
	www.evolution-facts.org /Ev-V3/3evlch40.htm (11392 words)

	Mossops Honey Propolis-Medicine for: coughs,colds and arthritis. Propolis soap
		If the source is extra sticky she may need to take time kneading the glob into shape before transferring it to one of her pollen baskets.
		She then repeats the procedure, placing the next glob into the pollen basket on her other leg, so enabling her to balance her load.
		A broad analysis reveals approximately 55 percent resinous compounds and balsam, 30 percent beeswax, 10 percent ethereal and aromatic oils, and 5 percent bee pollen, along with flavonols, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, vanillin, caffeic acid, tetochrysin, isalpinin, pinocembrin, chrysin, galangin, and ferulic acid.
	www.mossopshoney.co.nz /edu_propolis.php?bg=resources (1430 words)

	Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research : ID a Bumblebee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Bumble bees possess three attributes that will help you to distinguish them from all other bees in the region: they are big, they are more furry than most other bees, and females transport pollen as a wet mass held in a “pollen basket” on the hind leg.
		The pollen basket of the hind pair of legs is broadened and concave like a shallow, elongate spoon.
		Only the honey bee in our fauna has a similar pollen basket; all other bees here that collect pollen carry it in a dense brush of hairs either on the hind leg or under the abdomen.
	www.ars.usda.gov /Main/docs.htm?docid=10749 (496 words)

	Bees and Humans
		Several species of bees (such as honeybees and bumblebees) have two "pollen baskets", one on each of their hind legs.
		Then, bees use "combs" or "pollen brushes", located on the lower part of their legs, to gather all the pollen grains into one mass and store it in their pollen baskets.
		As bees have their pollen baskets filled up, they fly back to their nests, called colonies, to unload their collections of pollen and nectar.
	www.edhelper.com /AnimalReadingComprehension_22_1.html (436 words)

	2.30 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Between the tibia and basitarsus is the flattened, notched pollen press.
		When the basitarsal combs are loaded to capacity with pollen, the rastellum (rake) is used to unload the comb by scraping it into the press where the pollen is compressed and transferred to the tibial baskets on the outside surface above the pollen press.
		Hence, pollen groomed from the right side of the body is combed from the inner surfaces of the middle and forelegs by the left hind leg, from which it is removed by the right rastelhun for deposition in the pollen basket of the same leg.
	gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov /beebook/worker/2.30.html (300 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Honeybees store honey (which is made from nectar) in their hives, which provides the energy for flight muscles and for heating during the winter period, and pollen which supplies protein for bee brood to grow.
		Although it is widely believed that a worker honeybee can sting only once, this is a misconception: although the stinger is in fact barbed so that it lodges in the victim's skin, tearing loose from the bee's abdomen and leading to her death in minutes, this only happens if the victim is a mammal.
		In the hive, pollen is used as a protein source necessary during brood-rearing.
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/Honey_bee (2810 words)

	eNature: FieldGuides: Species Detail
		Bees form a large group of insects that are specialized for feeding at flowers and gathering honey and pollen.
		In most species the pollen is combed into a special pollen basket or brush, which is usually located on the hind leg.
		In leafcutting bees, the pollen is carried in a brush of hair on the underside of the abdomen.
	www.enature.com /fieldguides/detail.asp?recnum=IS0168 (334 words)

	80.05.10: Pollination Ecology in the Classroom
		She begins to clean her body of pollen grains, working them from the front to the hind legs where they are finally compacted into a hairy container called a pollen basket.
		She gathers pollen masses in her mouthparts and flies with them to the stigma of a different flower where she deposits them.
		The amount of pollen produced is staggering a single corn plant may have from 20 to 50 million grains (Rahn,1975).
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1980/5/80.05.10.x.html (4602 words)

	Basket Flower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		interested, most plants basket flower are labelled with botanical and common names.
		pollen once deposited on the insect is transferred to the stigma of another
		(some basket flower varieties are referred to as bird of paradise).
	letokol.tripod.com /basket/flower.html (752 words)

	Welcome to the World of the Bumble Bee
		In addition, Bombus with hind tibia modified into pollen basket (surface bare and polished, marginal hair fringe) whereas, Psithyrus lacks pollen basket, hind tibia slender.
		Next she makes a pollen clump on the nest floor and lays 8-10 eggs on it.
		Only enough food (honey and pollen) for a few days is stored at any given time which helps discourage nest predation by skunks, foxes, etc.
	www.greenvalleypc.com /HTML/wasp/bumble.htm (900 words)

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