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	Pollen zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pollen zones are a system of subdividing late Pleistocene and early Holocene paleoclimate using the data from pollen cores.
		By analysing pollen in core samples taken from peat bogs, von Post noticed that different plant species were represented in bands through the cores.
		In contrast to glacial periods, these pollen zones are being used to apply globally, with but few exceptions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pollen_zone (703 words)

	PALE Data Protocols - Chapter 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Pollen and spores in lake sediments provide information about changes in the composition and spatial patterning of late Quaternary vegetation that can be used to infer regional paleoclimatic changes.
		Pollen sums should be appropriate for the country in which the results are published.
		Pollen sums should be 500 to 1000 pollen grains, depending on pollen concentrations.
	sunsite.wits.ac.za /paleo/parcs/chapter1.html (1012 words)

	SOFIA - Anthropogenic and Natural Variation in Ridge and Slough Pollen Assemblages - Results - Down-Core Pollen ...
		In this zone, the pollen assemblages in the transition core are similar to those found in the slough core, rather than the ridge core.
		Pollen Assemblage Zone 1: Characterized by high abundances of Nymphaea relative to Cladium pollen, this zone represents the interval from approximately 2700 yr BP - 1000 yr BP (Figure 10, Figure 11).
		The onset of zone 2 in the slough core is marked by a spike in the abundance of Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae pollen, as occurred in slough cores from other transects (Figure 9, Figure 11, and Figure 13).
	sofia.usgs.gov /publications/ofr/2004-1448/dcassemblage.html (1216 words)

	PUM - Géographie physique et quaternaire : POLLEN EVIDENCE OF LATE HOLOCENE TREELINE FLUCTUATION FROM THE ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Pollen identification was by reference to an unpublished dichotomous key provided by Dr. Glenn Rouse (UBC Department of Botany), atlases, primarily Moore and Webb (1978), and to the type collection belonging to Dr. Rouse.
		This percentage diagram exhibits little elevational zonation of pollen deposition which is perhaps unsurprising, given the difficulties in interpretation of percentage pollen data in mountainous areas (Kearney, 1983; Beaudoin, 1986, Solomon and Silkworth, 1986; Fall, 1992).
		The data appear to confirm the hypothesis of Souch (1990) that the absence of evidence of Neoglacial climate fluctuations in the pollen record of southern B.C. is a function of the largely lowland nature of the record.
	www.erudit.org /revue/gpq/1997/v51/n1/004816ar.html (6939 words)

	USGS Open-FIle Report 94-023: Dupont and Leroy
		Dust and pollen from the Sahel and the southern Sahara are carried into altitudes of the AEJ (1000-5000 m) by strong, heat induced squall lines.
		The pollen record of ODP 658 confirms the conclusion drawn from sedimentary analysis (Tiedemann, 1991) of persistent river discharge prior to 3.4 Ma.
		The period may be correlated to the Reuverian in the Netherlands and to the Mediterranean pollen zone PII (Zagwijn and Suc, 1984).
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/1994/of94-023/11_Dupont.html (2322 words)

	INQUA Sub-Commission on Data-Handling Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The pollen zone, by definition, is a sediment sequence where the taxon abundances assume characteristic relative values that remain stable for a time.
		This presentation of the pollen data differs markedly from the diagrams we normally use in picking zone boundaries; one is less likely to be influenced by the biases often brought to that task.
		Pollen was recovered from 14 samples in the interval from 50 to 275 cm, extending from the peat to the soil of the lower stump layer.
	www.kv.geo.uu.se /inqua/news9/nl9-ljm3.htm (2162 words)

	Espain
		In spite of the important peaks of Pinus pollen percentages during the inferred xeric episodes, the low pollen concentrations suggest that these spectra are the result of long-distance transport from populations.
		Later, late-glacial conditions are reflected, according to pollen data, the end of glacial conditions is associated with the culmination of a steppe with Artemisia, and Chenopodiaceae.
		During the upper pollen zone, the Holocene warming is shown accompanied by far-reaching climatic changes in this semi-arid zone.
	einstein.uab.es /_c_lap/Fossil/ANGLES/Espain.htm (702 words)

	PALYNOLOGY OF CHIGNAHUAPAN LAKE, CENTRAL MEXICO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Lower mid Holocene, zone II 8500—5200 BP Pine forest is dominating, the moist forest disappears but increments at the end of the pollen zone, the oak forest seems to disappear.
		Upper mid Holocene, zone III, 5200-3,500 BP This zone is characterized by an increase of the oak forest with a maximum representation.
		Late Holocene, Zone IV, 3500—1300 BP This zone is characterized by a slight increase of the pine forest, and a decrease of the moist and oak forest, It corresponds to a temperate climate, slightly colder than the preceding zone.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/inqu/finalprogram/abstract_55953.htm (429 words)

	Absence of conspecific pollen advantage in the dynamics of an Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) hybrid zone -- Alarcón ...
		that influence the stability of the hybrid zone.
		to the SS vs. MM genotype for the 50:50 pollen mixture.
		All five pollen ratios, representing the three mixed pollinations and the two pure pollinations, were included in the analysis.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/87/6/819 (3475 words)

	THE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AND VOLCANOGENIC IMPACT ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF MT FUJI, BASED ON THE LAKE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS ...
		Upollen zone; the increase tendency of Cryptomeria and the appearance of Cyclobalanopsis
		pollen zone; the increase and decrease of Quercus, accompanying of the broadleaf tree pollen
		pollen zone; the appearance of the conifer pollen of the high rate and the increase and decrease of the pollen of the broadleaf tree.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/inqu/finalprogram/abstract_56079.htm (483 words)

	SOFIA - OFR-97-460 - Printable Version
		The bottom zone (140-80 cm) is characterized by the highest percentages of Pinus (pine) pollen (80-90%), and the lowest percentages of Quercus (oak) (<6%), and pollen of the Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae (pigweed family) and Asteraceae (aster family) (Figure 5).
		The middle zone (80-32 cm) is characterized by lower percentages of Pinus pollen (54-73%), higher percentages of Quercus (6-10%), and higher concentrations of Quercus pollen (50-100 grains/gram).
		Three zones are distinguishable for the pollen, but the differences among them are very subtle, and any interpretation of patterns of vegetational change would be premature.
	sofia.usgs.gov /publications/ofr/97-460/print.html (4214 words)

	FORT MOTT SITE SUMMARY
		Pollen Zone I (?Barremian–Aptian), Pollen Zone II (Albian) and its subzones, and Pollen Zone III (Albian–lower Cenomanian) were recognized in the Fort Mott core, and these zones generally correspond to lithologic units defined in the hole.
		However, the exact stratigraphic contacts between these pollen zones in the core were difficult to place because of non-fossiliferous intervals produced by the destruction of organic material by soil-forming processes.
		Within Potomac Unit 2, sediments correlated with pollen Zone IIC are organic rich and are interpreted to be deposits from an anastomosed fluvial system.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/174AXSIR/chap_04/c4_2.htm (1048 words)

	Author Auteur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Five main pollen zones are discerned using constrained cluster analysis and confirm climatic events observed throughout the Pacific Northwest of North America.
		This zone corresponds with the early Holocene xerothermic period observed throughout the Pacific Northwest coast and southern British Columbia.
		This Alnus - Pseudotsuga - Tsuga heterophylla - zone appears to be a period of climatic transition representing a change from early Holocene warm/dry conditions to a mild/wet Neoglacial climate in the late Holocene.
	www.ggl.ulaval.ca /cgi-bin/consultau.cgi?538& (415 words)

	Enter Article Title
		Pollen diagrams from three peat bogs in western Southland, New Zealand record the vegetation and climate history of the last 12 600 yrs.
		This article presents results of pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating from three late glacial-Holocene peat cores from the southern South Island of New Zealand and aims to analyse vegetation and climate histories from a 50 km area in inland western Southland.
		BP at the Ramparts, to dominate the pollen zones.
	geovoice.otago.ac.nz /issue001/mvandergoes.html (2884 words)

	Ragweed Allergy Survival Tips
		If you live in the "pollen zone," there are some steps you can take to reduce your exposure levels.
		Pollen counts flourish on hot, dry days, and the wind carries the pollen.
		Pollen grains stick to hair, skin and clothing, so consider showering after being outdoors to reduce exposure.
	health.ivillage.com /allergy/0,,92ff-2,00.html (411 words)

	Does short distance isolation reduce pollen dispersal by honey bees?
		The design was a V truncated in such a way that the zone, without any vegetation, between the two strips varied from 3 m to 12 m width.
		It can be concluded that a barren zone from 3m to 12 m width is not sufficient to completely discourage honey bees to cross between two identical resources but that it can significantly reduce cross pollination.
		Despite these restrictions, it is obvious that a barren zone of 3m to 12m width between two similar small strips considerably reduced the movement of honey bees but it is not sufficient to totally eliminate pollen transfer by these insects.
	www.regional.org.au /au/gcirc/4/387.htm (1883 words)

	[No title]
		Pollen may be deposited with sediments coarser than would be expected based on the size and density of individual grains; thus caution should be taken when utilizing decanting in processing to assure that pollen incorporated into pellets are not discarded with sands.
		Berchemia scandens was classified as a secondary pollen type (i.e., 15-45%) in all five counts, and in all of the individual 200 and 100 grain counts, except for the 300, 400, and 500 grain counts made from one of the five slides.
		The temperate rainy zones are indicated by the Siberian and Gondwana coals.
	www.palynology.org /content/abst/Abstr27AnMtg.html (15992 words)

	Corn pollen deposition on milkweeds in and near cornfields -- Pleasants et al., 10.1073/pnas.211287498 -- Proceedings ...
		Mean in-field pollen densities on milkweed leaves for the different studies are shown in Table 1.
		Some of the observed in-field pollen density differences may be due to differences in the position of the leaves sampled.
		Mean off-field pollen densities on milkweed leaves were much lower than the mean in-field density (Table 2).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/211287498v1 (5215 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The best modern analogue for the spruce pollen zone (>9000 BP) at the bottom of Glimmerglass Lake was a sample located near Hudson's Bay in Quebec.
		This zone was not present at Crooked Lake.
		Samples analogous to those from the haploxylon pollen zone (8000 to 3000 BP) come from eastern Minnesota and western Wisconsin.
	www.siue.edu /~rbrugam/sylabs.html (201 words)

	NCSSF - Transition Hardwoods
		Surveys and descriptions of forests in the transition hardwoods zone written before or at the time of colonization are the basis of a number of studies describing presettlement vegetation.
		The incidence of fire in the transition hardwood zone before European settlement was higher than in the northern hardwood zone to the north, where catastrophic fire frequencies may have been less than once per millenium (Fahey and Reiners 1981).
		Given the land-use history of the transition hardwood zone, and the “mid-successional wave” phenomenon, many stands are lacking in structural legacies such as large live trees, large snags, and large downed dead trees.
	www.unh.edu /ncssf/results-transition-hardwoods.htm (14228 words)

	Japanese IMAGES Activities in 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The pollen and spores can be grouped to represent six local zones of pollen assemblages based on their abundance and components.
		High abundance of non-arboreal pollen in Zones MD2195-2 and -3 is attributed to reduced distance, exposed continental shelf and ocean current system.
		A sharp decrease in the abundance of non-arboreal pollen due to rapid transgression characterizes Zone MD2195-4 (14-8 ka).
	www.images-pages.org /natreports/japan01.html (472 words)

	Bacterial Cellulose-Binding Domain Modulates in Vitro Elongation of Different Plant Cells -- Shpigel et al. 117 (4): ...
		Peach pollen tubes and Arabidopsis seedlings were examined by IGSS to detect CBD attachment to cellulose.
		Peach pollen was germinated in the presence of different concentrations of CBD, and its effect on pollen-tube elongation is
		IGSS of pollen tubes grown in the presence of CBD reacted with anti-CBD antibodies (C) or with preimmune serum (D).
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/117/4/1185 (4255 words)

	System for Pollen Related Information Gathering
		Several pollen level forecasts are offered by SPRING in this Web site, in the section "Pollen Forecasts", through the e-mail, SMS and WAP Services, In this page you can consult the meaning of the different terms appearing in these forecasts.
		Pollen season status: Provides information about the situation of the flowering period (period in which the pollen production is important) of the selected pollen type.
		"No data available for this pollen type in this zone": This pollen type is not present in the selected area so the pollen level concentration in the air is not relevant.
	www.sadiel.es /europa/spring/english/terminos.asp (196 words)

	Abrupt Climate Oscillations During the Last Deglaciation in Central North America -- Yu and Eicher 282 (5397): 2235 -- ...
		Picea pollen recurrence from the southern Great Lakes region is interpreted as climate cooling, correlative to the YD interval [ L.
		Pollen stratigraphy indicates a change in vegetation from an Alnus, Cyperaceae, Salix sparse tundra (subzone 1a) through Salix, Cyperaceae, Artemisia dense tundra (subzone 1b) and Picea woodland (zone 2) to Pinus forest (zone 3) (Fig.
		C dates from 355 to 357 cm and 345 to 347 cm of core DC at Crawford Lake bracket a mineral-rich sediment band, corresponding with the PB as indicated by the Picea pollen recurrence (Fig.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/282/5397/2235?ck=nck (2115 words)

	Number 4/98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In Katowice, very highly polluted area, allergic symptoms were initiated in all te patients with grass pollen hypersensitivity when pollen concentration reached the level of 36 grains in 1 cubic meter of the air.
		In Warsaw, where air pollution is also a problem, a threshold exposure concentration for all patients was 53 grass pollen grains per cubic meter of air, while 50% of them developed their symptoms earlier at the level of 41 grass pollen grains in 1 cubic meter.
		In unpolluted area of Great Mazurian Lakes all patients with grass pollen hypersensitivity developed their symptoms at the level of 71 grains in 1 cubic meter of air, while 50% of them displayed the symptoms earlier - when grass pollen concetration reached the level of 62.
	w3.am.lodz.pl /ampl/immunol/eng/numb498.html (1525 words)

	Comparative analysis of late floral development and mating-system evolution in tribe Collinsieae (Scrophulariaceae ...
		Thus, the length of the pollen zone is a function of
		into the pollen zone or was in the pollen zone throughout anthesis.
		pollen zone are reasonable both in the context of evolution
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/89/1/37 (6717 words)

	Long Paleoclimate Records From Beringia, the North Pacific, and Adjacent Seas I Posters - Paleoceanography and ...
		This zone is characterized by dominance of shrub alder and birch, herbs, and ferns.
		Zone 4 (1200 BP to present) shows development of an oligotrophic peat bog indicated by high values of heath; the establishment of shrub pine is signaled by a sharp increase in its pollen.
		Calibration was done using a dataset of 4549 modern pollen samples from across North America, with a pollen sum of 106 pollen taxa.
	www.agu.org /meetings/fm04/fm04-sessions/fm04_PP21B.html (4876 words)

	USGS SE Coastal Plain-Abstracts
		The evidence is as follows: Eight pollen taxa generally thought of as being Eocene are now known from the upper Paleocene of Mississippi and Alabama.
		Eight pollen taxa previously thought to be characteristic of the Eocene have now been found to range down into upper Paleocene strata particularly in Mississippi.
		Graphic correlation of pollen and calcareous nannofossil data from Virginia to the eastern Gulf Coast enables an important Gulf Coast unit, the Gravel Creek Sand Member of the Nanafalia Formation, to be dated more precisely than was previously possible.
	geology.er.usgs.gov /eespteam/sergp/seabsts.html (2930 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Twenty three samples were selected from the inorganic geochemistry sample set for analyses of carbon and oxygen isotopes and Rock-Eval pyrolysis hydrogen and oxygen indices.
		The basic sampling scheme for pollen and physical properties was a 0.5-cm3 sample centered on every 50th varve, but again not every sample was analyzed, and additional 0.5-cm3 samples were collected for pollen analyses in certain pollen-zone transitions.
		Elk Lake Pollen Data File File Name: elkpolln.wk1 File Size: 36,995 bytes Sampling Method: 0.5 cm3 sample every 50 varves; not every sample was analyzed, and additional samples were collected and analyzed at certain pollen-zone transitions Investigator: Cathy Whitlock, Department of Geography, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403.
	geochange.er.usgs.gov /pub/lakes/elk_lake/elkinfo.txt (1570 words)

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