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	Polyacrylonitrile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a resinous, fibrous, or rubbery organic polymer.
		Almost all polyacrylonitrile resins are copolymers made from mixtures of monomers; acrylonitrile is usually the main component.
		Polyacrylonitrile is chemically modified to make acrylic fibres and carbon fibres found in tennis rackets and high-tech bicycles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polyacrylonitrile (90 words)

	Dry heat process for dyeing and printing organic material which can be dyed with cationic dyestuffs - Patent 4057388 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The ordinary cationic dyestuffs for dyeing polyacrylonitrile fibres by conventional aqueous methods are used principally in the form of their salts with strong inorganic acids, for example as chlorides, bromides, methasulphates, or zinc chloride double salts.
		Polyacrylonitrile fabric weighing 200 g/m.sup.2 is placed on the treated carrier and carrier and material are heated for 30 seconds to 190.degree.
		Brilliant blue dyeings on polyacrylonitrile fabric with similarly good fastness properties are also obtained by using corresponding amounts of sodium metaborate, sodium phosphite, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulphide, or sodium fluoride, instead of the 2 g of potassium chromate indicated in the Example, and by otherwise carrying out the procedure as described in Example 1.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4057388.html (4831 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040091705
		In a preferred embodiment, oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers are advantageously carded or otherwise formed into one or more threads, which are twisted or otherwise combined with one or more metallic filaments to form high strength, cut resistant, abrasion resistant, heat resistant, and fire retardant yarns.
		Thus, even yarns containing high concentration of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers that are generally too weak to be used in the manufacture of fire retardant and heat resistant fabrics are greatly strengthened with a small percentage of one or more metallic filaments, and fabrics manufactured therefrom have been found to be surprisingly strong.
		Yarns containing a high concentration of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers that are generally too weak to be used in the manufacture of fire retardant and heat resistant fabrics can be greatly strengthened with even small percentages of one or more metallic filaments, and fabrics manufactured therefrom have been found to be surprisingly strong.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040091705".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040091705&RS=DN/20040091705 (9650 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Thus, for a blend having 10 percent by volume of binder fibers and a 50 to 50 percent relative volume of oxidized PAN fibers to carrier fibers, the volume of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and carrier fibers in the blend is 45 percent each.
		The method of claim 2 wherein the relative percent volume of said oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers to said carrier fibers in said blend is in the range of about 15 percent to 85 percent.
		The method of claim 5 wherein the relative percent volume of said oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers to said carrier fibers in said blend is in the range of about 15 percent to 85 percent.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/68341.010920&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (11299 words)

	Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (from major industrial polymers) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Acrylonitrile (CH CHCN), a compound obtained by reacting propylene with ammonia (NH) and oxygen in the presence of catalysts, is polymerized to polyacrylonitrile through suspension methods using free-radical initiators.
		More results on "Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (from major industrial polymers)" when you join.
		Almost all polyacrylonitrile resins are copolymers (q.v.), made from mixtures of monomers, with acrylonitrile (see nitrile) usually making up the major portion; other monomers often present include butadiene, styrene, vinylidene chloride, or...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-76442?tocId=76442 (827 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Print Page
		Polyacrylonitrile was first made in the late 1930s and it quickly became an important types of synthetic rubber.
		During W.W.II, polyacrylonitrile was made into fibers for military use.
		Pure polyacrylonitrile is also used for moldings, shoe soling and wall panels.
	www.mfa.org /_cameo/frontend/material_print.asp?name=polyacrylonitrile&type=description (144 words)

	Polyacrylonitrile
		Polyacrylonitrile is used for very few products an average consumer would be familiar with, except to make another polymer, carbon fiber.
		But mostly copolymers containing polyacrylonitrile are used as fibers to make knitted clothing, like socks and sweaters, as well as outdoor products like tents and such.
		Polyacrylonitrile is a vinyl polymer, and a derivative of the acrylate family of polymers.
	www.pslc.ws /macrog/pan.htm (371 words)

	Welcome To Zoltek - PANEX® Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Carbon fiber is manufactured by heating, oxidizing, and carbonizing polyacrylonitrile polymer fibers.
		The resulting carbon fibers are typically molded into high strength composite materials for structural applications or are used in their pure form for electrical and friction applications.
		In its most pure form, Polyacrylonitrile is used as the precursor polymer fiber to make carbon fiber.
	www.zoltek.com /panex_products (593 words)

	Water Science & Technology 49:5-6 (2004) 341-354 - C.M. Lee and C.C. Wang - Denitrification with -caprolactam by ...
		The aim of this study is to isolate denitrifying bacteria utilizing ɛ-caprolactam as the substrate, from a polyacrylonitrile fibre manufactured wastewater treatment system.
		The aim is also to compare the performance of PAN (polyacrylonitrile) mixed bacteria cultures acclimated to ɛ-caprolactam and isolated pure strain for treating different initial e-caprolactam concentrations from synthetic wastewater under anoxic conditions.
		Paracoccus thiophilus was isolated from the polyacrylonitrile fibre manufactured wastewater treatment system and it could utilize 1722.5 mg/l of ɛ-caprolactam as a substrate for denitrification.
	www.iwaponline.com /wst/04905/wst049050341.htm (319 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0020040978
		The foam of claim 4, wherein the active hydrogen-containing component comprises a polyoxyalkylene diol with polystyrene and/or polyacrylonitrile grafted onto the polymer chain, a polyoxyalkylene triol with polystyrene and/or polyacrylonitrile grafted onto the polymer chain, and a polyester polyol.
		The foam of claim 4, wherein the active hydrogen-containing component comprises a polyoxyalkylene diol, a polyoxyalkylene triol with polystyrene and/or polyacrylonitrile grafted onto the polymer chain, a chain extender diol, and a polyester polyol.
		The foam of claim 4, wherein the active hydrogen-containing component comprises a polyoxyalkylene diol, a polyoxyalkylene triol, a chain extender diol and a polyester polyol.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=20020040978.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020040978&RS=DN/20020040978 (6233 words)

	Filter Specialists, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is part of the production of carbon fiber materials.
		Today, carbon fiber composites have a wide range of uses where strong, lightweight materials are required.
		Effective filtration serves to eliminate contaminants from the polyacrylonitrile process, improving fiber consistency and quality.
	www.fsifilters.com /plasres_panproc.asp (340 words)

	Superporous IPN Hydrogels Having Enhanced Mechanical Properties
		The objective of this study was to improve the mechanical properties of superporous hydrogels (SPHs), which were used to develop gastric retention devices for long-term oral drug delivery.
		The main approach used in this study was to form an interpenetrating polymer network by incorporating a second polymer network inside an SPH structure.
		The swelling and mechanical properties of the resulting superporous IPN hydrogels (SPIHs) were characterized, and the microscopic structure of SPIH was examined to explain the improved mechanical properties.
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt040451&pdf=yes (2815 words)

	Amino acid losses during hemodialysis with polyacrylonitrile membranes: effect of intradialytic amino acid ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Amino acid losses during hemodialysis with polyacrylonitrile membranes: effect of intradialytic amino acid supplementation on plasma amino acid concentrations and nutritional variables in nondiabetic patients -- Navarro et al.
		Amino acid losses during hemodialysis with polyacrylonitrile membranes: effect of intradialytic amino acid supplementation on plasma amino acid concentrations and nutritional variables in nondiabetic patients
		From the Departments of Nephrology and Biochemistry and the Research Unit, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain, and the Research Unit, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid.
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/abstract/71/3/765 (433 words)

	TAPPI -- leading technical association for the pulp, paper, and converting industry. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Investigation of the fiber, bulk, and surface properties of meltblown and electrospun polymeric fabrics, International Nonwovens Journal, October 2004, Vol.
		We also report new data on the diameters of electrospun fibers measured from digitized SEM images of electrospun nylon, polyurethane (PU), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polycarbonate (PC) fabrics.
		The electrospinning process produced fibers with diameters in the range from 10 nm to several microns.
	www.tappi.org /index.asp?pid=30950&ch=1 (211 words)

	AMEC - Media - Latest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		AMEC, working with its technology partner, Applied Composite Engineering Ltd, will undertake the engineering, procurement, project management, construction supervision and commissioning of what will be the first combined polyacrylonitrile and carbon fibre plant to be built in China.
		The plant will produce polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor, which is then converted into carbon fibre yarn.
		The plant comprises raw material storage and preparation, batch polymerization processing, by the conversion of acrylonitrile monomer into polyacrylonitrile.
	www.amec.com /news/mediareleasedetails.asp?Pageid=876&MediaID=799 (483 words)

	Composites with carbon nanotubes offer improved properties
		For example, composite fibers made from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and polyacrylonitrile – a carbon fiber precursor – are stronger, stiffer and shrink less than standard fibers.
		Research has shown that the strength of the fiber was increased 50 percent through incorporation of 10 percent nanotubes.
		Recently, Kumar’s research team has been collaborating with Richard Smalley, a Rice University professor who received a 1996 Nobel Prize for his work in developing nanotubes, which are of great interest because of their high strength, light weight, electrical conductivity and thermal resistance.
	gtresearchnews.gatech.edu /newsrelease/nanofibers.htm (1008 words)

	FR Doc 05-2171 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Background This final rule extends the ending date for phasing out domestic source restrictions on the acquisition of PAN carbon fiber from May 31, 2005, to May 31, 2006.
		The prescription for use of the clause at DFARS 252.225-7022, Restriction on Acquisition of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Carbon Fiber, is amended to require inclusion of the clause in solicitations and contracts for major systems issued on or before May 31, 2006, if the system is not yet in development and demonstration.
		Use the clause at 252.225-7022, Restriction on Acquisition of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Carbon Fiber, in solicitations and contracts for major systems issued on or before May 31, 2006, if the system is not yet in engineering and manufacturing [[Page 6375]] development (milestone B as defined in DoDI 5000.2).
	a257.g.akamaitech.net /7/257/2422/01jan20051800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2005/05-2171.htm (559 words)

	Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber; restrictions to domestic sources; correction,
		Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber; restrictions to domestic sources; correction,, Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Polyacrylonitrile Carbon Fiber--Restriction to Domestic Sources; Correction
		DoD is issuing a correction to the final rule published at 70 FR 63746375 on February 7, 2005, that extended the ending date for phasing out domestic source restrictions on the acquisition of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) carbon fiber.
		Use the clause at 252.2257022, Restriction on Acquisition of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Carbon Fiber, in solicitations and contracts for major systems issued on or before May 31, 2006, if the system is not yet in development and demonstration (milestone B as defined in DoDI 5000.2).
	thefederalregister.com /d.p/2005-02-22-05-3204 (245 words)

	ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES ACROSS THE HUMAN ELBOW: A PERFORMANCE STUDY OF POLYACRYLONITRILE FIBERS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Nonetheless, physical models of the human elbow joint using artificial actuators are rare to nonexistent.
		Using a skeletal replica of a human arm for elbow joint motion, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers could potentially be used as an artificial muscle actuator to per- form various elbow movements.
		This work is supported, in part, by PSC Scanning Inc. and Omega Engineering Inc. We would like to thank Dr. Moh- sen Shahinpoor and Karim Salehpoor of the University of New Mexico for providing us the PAN fibers.
	www.asb-biomech.org /onlineabs/abstracts97/107 (1278 words)

	Textile Research Journal: Polyacrylonitrile Fibers Modified by Nano-Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Particles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Textile Research Journal: Polyacrylonitrile Fibers Modified by Nano-Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Particles
		A new method for preparing a novel antistatic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber modified by nano-antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) particles is proposed.
		Nano-ATO particles are first dispersed in water by the dispersant polyethyleneimine PEI, then the nano-ATO suspension is applied in a pre-heating bath during spinning of PAN fibers.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4025/is_200412/ai_n9466830 (1424 words)

	Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		(18) Molecular brushes with polyacrylonitrile block copolymer side chains: synthesis, morphology and application as templates for nanostructured carbons.
		(14) One-step preparation of nanoporous carbon from copolymers with polyacrylonitrile blocks.
		(11) Polyacrylonitrile block copolymers: synthesis, physics characterization and nanoscale devices.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /user/ctang/publication.htm (829 words)

	China developing PAN and carbon fiber plant
		(Changzhou, China) to engineer and construct a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and carbon fiber production plant in Bengbu, a city in Anhui province, located in eastern mainland China.
		The plant will be the first combined polyacrylonitrile and carbon fiber manufacturing facility built in China.
		The operation will include production of PAN precursor, which then will be converted into carbon fiber tow at the same location.
	www.compositesworld.com /hpc/issues/2003/November/272 (173 words)

	FR Doc 04-14339
		Background This rule proposes amendments to DFARS Subpart 225.71 to extend the ending date for phasing out domestic source restrictions on the acquisition of PAN carbon fiber from May 31, 2005, to May 31, 2006.
		The clause at DFARS 252.225-7022, Restriction on Acquisition of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Carbon Fiber, will be required in solicitations and contracts for major systems issued on or before May 31, 2006, if the system is not yet in development and demonstration.
		Use the clause at 252.225-7022, Restriction on Acquisition of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Carbon Fiber, in solicitations and contracts for major systems issued on or before May 31, 2006, if the system is not yet in engineering and manufacturing development (milestone B as defined in DoDI 5000.2).
	a257.g.akamaitech.net /7/257/2422/14mar20010800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2004/04-14339.htm (634 words)

	Composite makers feel they have been overcharged illegally for polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber and pre-impregnated ...
		Composite makers feel they have been overcharged illegally for polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber and pre-impregnated materials.
		Four civil class-action lawsuits have been filed in Los Angeles against a dozen domestic and foreign makers of these polyacrylonitrile materials.
		Separately, a federal grand jury in LA also is studying allegedly anti-competitive pricing practices in polyacrylonitrile.
	www.purchasing.com /index.asp?layout=articlePrint&articleID=CA147468 (96 words)

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