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Topic: Polyatomic ions

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: List of Polyatomic Ions
		A polyatomic ion or molecule ion is an ion consisting of covalently bonded atoms that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid/base chemistry or in the formation of salts.
		A large polyatomic ion will often be considered as the conjugate acid or conjugate base of a neutral molecule, for example the conjugate acid of adrenaline at the amine group.
		A polyatomic ion is an ion consisting of a molecule with covalently bonded atoms or of a metal complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-Polyatomic-Ions (375 words)

	Polyatomic ions
		Polyatomic ions are electrically charges collections of two or more atoms.
		Polyatomic ions usually have a charge because the collection of atoms has either gained an extra electron or else it has lost an electron.
		The single most common positive polyatomic ion is the ammonium ion, NH, (note the -ium ending on the positive ion).
	www.800mainstreet.com /4/0004-009-Polyatomicions.html (346 words)

	Chemical Formula Polyatomic ions
		Below are the chemical formulas for Polyatomic ions which are electrically charges collections of two or more atoms, chemical formula show Polyatomic ions usually have a charge because the collection of atoms has either gained an extra electron or else it has lost an electron in a chemical reaction.
		Polyatomic ions like phosphate, PO has three extra electrons beyond the electrons on the P and O atoms.
		The charge is written outside the brackets to indicate the charge is spread on the polyatomic ions as a whole.
	www.dovada.com /chemical_data.htm (652 words)

	Polyatomic Ions
		The polyatomic ion option (middle) requires the oxygen atom to obtain one electron by sharing with another atom (hydrogen in this case) and gain the other electron by taking it away from some willing electron-losing atom.
		This situation is typical of polyatomic ions--covalent bonding holds the atoms together within the ion and ionic bonding joins the entire ion to other oppositely charged ions.
		If there are more dots shown than can be accounted for by the number of valence electrons that those atoms should have, then the polyatomic ion as a whole will have a negative charge equal to the number of additional electrons.
	dl.clackamas.cc.or.us /ch104-08/polyatom1.htm (395 words)

	Formulas and Nomenclature of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
		Ionic compounds are compounds composed of ions, charged particles that form when an atom (or group of atoms, in the case of polyatomic ions) gains or loses electrons.
		The Fe ion is known as the ferrous ion (common) or the iron(II) ion (systematic); the Fe ion is known as the ferric ion (common) or the iron(III) ion (systematic).
		Polyatomic ions are ions that are composed of two or more atoms that are linked by covalent bonds, but that still have a net deficiency or surplus of electrons, resulting in an overall charge on the group.
	www.angelo.edu /faculty/kboudrea/general/formulas_nomenclature/Formulas_Nomenclature.htm (1633 words)

	Polyatomic Ions
		Polyatomic ions usually consist of a nonmetal (such as P, S, C, or N) covalently bonded to one or more O atoms.
		Polyatomic ions have a charge of 1-, 2-, or 3- because electrons were added to the groups to complete their octets.
		Polyatomic ions are not found by themselves; they are associated with ions of opposite charge.
	us.geocities.com /wlhelmey/polyions.html (188 words)

	Polyatomic Ions
		Most chemistry teachers require you to know some of the common polyatomic ions by the end of the course whether its be from repetition of use with a help table or from memory from the day of introduction.
		Take the polyatomic ion section of the periodic chart, copy the formula and the charge in each square from a polyatom ion table from the chemistry textbooks or from the Internet.
		The charge on the -ate polyatomic ion is exactly the same as the nonoxygen central nonmetal's -ide monoatomic ion if all the oxygens are attached by single covalent bonds (simple covalent or coordinate covalent).
	www.hccfl.edu /faculty/john_taylor/chm1025/polyions/polyionstudyguide.html (988 words)

	salts of polyatomic ions
		Since there is a huge variety of molecules there is also the possibility of a huge variety of polyatomic ions.
		Fortunately there are ony a few common polyatonic ions.
		The formulas for the salts of these ions are formed by the usual requirement of electrical neutrality.
	www.iun.edu /~cpanhd/C101webnotes/chemical-nomenclature/polyatomsalts.html (109 words)

	Ionic Nomenclature Help
		Ammonium‑nonmetal or ammonium‑polyatomic ion: Ammonium ions, NH can take the place of metallic cations in an ionic compound, so chemical formulas that contain the formula for ammonium with either a symbol for a nonmetallic element or a formula for a polyatomic ion represent ionic compounds.
		Many of the polyatomic ions that you will be expected to recognize end in ‑ate, so this ending tells you that the name represents an ionic compound.
		In fact, it is common for hydrogen atoms to be transferred from one ion or molecule to another ion or molecule.
	www.mpcfaculty.net /mark_bishop/ionic_nomenclature_help.htm (767 words)

	unit03-sect02-les05-lessona (Site not responding. Last check: )
		polyatomic ion (complex ion) -- is a group of atoms that are covalently bonded which then gain or lose electrons to become stable.
		The main difference in writing formulas for compounds that contain polyatomic ions is that occasionally, you need to place brackets around a polyatomic ion symbol if its numerical subscript is greater than one.
		Since the 1+ charge on the sodium ion is balanced by the 1- charge on chlorite, one of each ion is needed in the formula.
	www.cdli.ca /courses/sci1206/unit03/section02/lesson05/3-lesson-a.htm (656 words)

	Naming Polyatomic Ions
		Some of the names and charges of common polyatomic cations and anions are listed in Table IV.
		Most polyatomic anions, consist of a nonmetallic element combined with different numbers of oxygen atoms (these polyatomic anions are called oxoanions.) Even though it seems there is no simple rule in naming these ions, in fact, here are some guidelines to follow:
		It should be noted that the acetate and oxalate ions (in purple) are organic ions.
	www.chemistry.wustl.edu /~courses/genchem/Tutorials/Naming/polyatomic.htm (337 words)

	unit01-sect01-les03-knowb (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The iron(II) ion is represented by the symbol Fe The Roman numeral II indicates the charge on the iron ion.
		The main difference in writing formulas for compounds that contain polyatomic ions is that you may need to place parentheses around a polyatomic ion symbol if its numerical subscript is greater than one.
		The polyatomic ions table lists ammonium as a 1+ ion: NH The -ate suffix in permanganate suggests that it may be a polyatomic ion.
	www.cdli.ca /courses/chem2202/unit01/section01/lesson03/2-know-b.htm (1207 words)

	ChemLab - Chemistry 3/5 - Qualitative Analysis of Anions - Chemistry
		Ions which do not react, but serve to balance the electrical charge of reacting ions, are called spectator ions.
		The sodium and nitrate ions are spectators to the precipitation reaction between silver and chloride ions.
		This is because hypochlorite and chloride ions are in equilibrium with chlorine and hydroxide ions:
	www.dartmouth.edu /~chemlab/chem3-5/qual_an/full_text/chemistry.html (1182 words)

	Polyatomic Ions
		The polyatomic ion option (middle) requires the oxygen atom to obtain one electron by sharing with another atom (hydrogen in this case) and gain the other electron by taking it away from some willing electron-losing atom.
		This situation is typical of polyatomic ions--covalent bonding holds the atoms together within the ion and ionic bonding joins the entire ion to other oppositely charged ions.
		If there are more dots shown than can be accounted for by the number of valence electrons that those atoms should have, then the polyatomic ion as a whole will have a negative charge equal to the number of additional electrons.
	dl.clackamas.edu /ch104-07/polyatom1.htm (395 words)

	Nomenclature
		Chemists now use a simpler method, in which the charge on the ion is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately after the name of the element.
		Negative ions that consist of a single atom are named by adding the suffix -ide to the stem of the name of the element.
		Many of the oxygen-rich polyatomic negative ions in Table 2.1 form acids that are named by replacing the suffix -ate with -ic and the suffix -ite with -ous.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/ch2/names.html (745 words)

	General Chemistry Online: Companion Notes: Compounds: Polyatomic ions
		The atoms within a polyatomic ion are usually very tightly bound together, so the ion retains its identity within ionic compounds and over the course of many chemical reactions.
		First year students are often asked to memorize lists of polyatomic ions without any context.
		Blank entries are uncommon or unstable; for a complete table see the Field Guide to Polyatomic Ions.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/compounds/polyatomic.shtml (449 words)

	Polyatomic Ions
		Ions can be formed from one atom having more or less electrons.
		Sometimes ions can be formed from a molecule (a group of atoms stuck together) having a net electric charge.
		So polyatomic ions are pretty much like regular ions except that they are made from groups of atoms instead of just one.
	van.physics.uiuc.edu /qa/listing.php?id=524 (116 words)

	Lecture Notes: Naming Ionic Compounds
		Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that carry a positive or negative charge; like monatomic ions positive polyatomic ions are called cations and negative ions are called anions
		In compounds of polyatomic ions the ions are treated as you would treat an element and the subscript after the parentheses tells you how many units of that ion you have
		Polyatomic ions have their own individual names which (unfortunately) are not so easy to describe as a group; you really just have to do your best to memorize them; a number of common ions are listed in the chart below
	home.gwi.net /~dakeller/Chem/Naming_Ionic_Compounds.html (775 words)

	WEEK 2: CHAPTER 5: Chemical Formulas and Names
		Cl Ca Ionic Compounds with polyatomic ions: the cation and/or the anion is formed from a grouping of elements and that grouping is either positively or negatively charged.
		polyatomic ions are not named, necessarily, upon the names of the atoms which comprise the polyatomic ion, you must know the names of those ions.
		Also note that polyatomic ions are in parentheses when there is more than one unit of that polyatomic ion present and the subscript outside the parentheses indicates the quantity of the polyatomic unit.
	faculty.colostate-pueblo.edu /linda.wilkes/111/2b.html (1093 words)

	D - Glossary of chemical terms
		Diffusion is a result of the random motions of their component atoms, molecules, ions, or other particles.
		In a polyatomic molecule, the dipole moment is the vector sum of the dipole moments of the individual bonds.
		Dissociation constant is a constant whose numerical value depends on the equilibrium between the undissociated and dissociated forms of a molecule.
	www.ktf-split.hr /periodni/en/abc/d.html (830 words)

	Polyatomic ion names (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Polyatomic ion names are more irregular than the monoatomic ion names.
		There is a series of rules for ions consisting of a nonmetal and oxygen, but there are a fair number you will just have to remember.
		If the nonmetal forms more than two, the prefix per- is attached to the ion with the most oxygens, the prefix hypo- to the one with the fewest.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/Chemistry/Miscellenous/Helpfile/Namingrules/Polyatomicion.htm (196 words)

	Table of Common Polyatomic Ions
		These ions are separated by charge on the ion into four (4) different tables and listed alphabetically within each table.
		For each polyatomic ion, the name, chemical formula, two-dimensional drawing, and three-dimensional representation are given.
		CPK structures represent the atoms as spheres, where the radius of the sphere is equal to the van der Waals radius of the atom; these structures give an approximate volume of the polyatomic ion.
	www.chemistry.wustl.edu /~edudev/LabTutorials/PeriodicProperties/Ions/ions.html (261 words)

	How to Write Chemical Formulas
		If the word ending in -ide is not a polyatomic ion, this means that the second part of the compound formula is a single element.
		Means the same as the prefix pyro- ; double the number of each element in the polyatomic ion and subtract one oxygen; double the oxidation number of the polyatomic ion and add +2.
		Remember: When subscripts have to be written with polyatomic ions, the polyatomic ion is placed in parentheses; and when the subscript is 1, it is not written.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/chemistry/links/chem1/WritingFormulas.html (1274 words)

	Naming and Writing Chemical Formula (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A polyatomic ion is a group of elements which act like a single atom in the formation of a compound.
		The bonds within these polyatomic ions are predominantly covalent, but the groups of atoms as a whole have an excess of electrons when combined, and thus are negative ions.
		When a subscript is applied to a polyatomic ion, parentheses are placed around the formula for the ion.
	members.aol.com /chemman41/naming_and_writing_chemical_formula.htm (1170 words)

	Chemistry Study Resources!
		AP Chemisty top 21 common polyatomic ions for studying.
		Polyatomic Ions that need to be memorized for chem 1061 (23 cards)
		If you don't see a study stack on the subject you are looking for, please create your own to share with the rest of the world.
	www.studystack.com /category-19 (1008 words)

	Chemistry: Polyatomic Ions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Polyatomic ions are charged particles (usually negative) made up of groups of atoms bonded together.
		They act in very similar ways to single atomic ions of the same charge.
		Polyatomic ions that are relevant to the study of the human body are:
	tls.vu.edu.au /SLS/slu/Science/Chemistry/PolyatomicIons.htm (57 words)

	Lesson 5-3 Writing Chemical Formulas
		Since it would take two fluoride ions (each with a charge of negative one) to cancel out one barium ion (with a charge of plus two) we use a subscript of two after the symbol for fluorine to show the ratio.
		The only common polyatomic ion with a positive charge is the ammonium ion.
		A roman numeral is shown after the name of the positive ion (cation) to indicate the oxidation number of the positive ion.
	www.fordhamprep.com /gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson53.htm (1998 words)

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