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Topic: Polybrominated biphenyls

	Polybrominated Biphenyls (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 41, 1986) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The carcinogenicity of a commercial preparation of polybrominated biphenyls (FireMaster FF-1, various lots), composed primarily of hexabromobiphenyl with smaller amounts of penta- and heptabrominated isomers, was tested by oral administration by gavage in one strain of mice and two strains of rats and by perinatal exposure in one strain of rats.
		Various commercial preparations of polybrominated biphenyls are not mutagenic to bacteria in the presence or absence of exogenous metabolic systems or in a host-mediated assay.
		Polybrominated biphenyls do not induce DNA damage, or mutation, in cultured mammalian cells or chromosomal aberrations in rat or mouse bone marrow, nor micronuclei in mouse bone marrow, but they do inhibit junctional intercellular communication in cultured mammalian cells.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol41/polybrominatedbiphenyls.html (342 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs)
		HIGHLIGHTS: Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are chemicals produced by human activity and are found in plastics used in many consumer products to make them difficult to burn.
		PBBs are mixtures of brominated biphenyl compounds known as congeners.
		Toxicological Profile for Polybrominated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts68.html (1002 words)

	Abstracts
		Millis, C.D., R.A. Mills, and S.D. Aust (1982) "Characterization of the Photolysis of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-Hexabrominated Biphenyl", The Toxicologist 2, 173.
		Mills, R.A., C.D. Millis, and S.D. Aust (1983) "Metabolism of Polybrominated Biphenyls by 3-Methylcholanthrene Induced Rat Liver Microsomes", The Toxicologist 3, 108.
		Millis, C.D., R.A. Mills, and S.D. Aust (1983) "Toxicity of 3,4,5,3',4',5'-Hexabrominated Biphenyl and 3,4,3',4'-Tetrabrominated Biphenyl", The Toxicologist 3, 109.
	www.chem.usu.edu /~sdaust/abstracts.html (5568 words)

	Breast-Feeding Among Women Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls in Michigan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A toxic syndrome associated with the feeding of polybrominated biphenyl-contaminated protein concentrate to dairy cattle.
		Cancer among a Michigan cohort exposed to polybrominated biphenyls in 1973.
		Determinants of polybrominated biphenyl serum decay among women in the Michigan PBB cohort.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2001/109p1133-1137thomas/thomas-full.html (3759 words)

	Polybrominated biphenyls (EHC 152, 1994)
		PBBs are manufactured using a Friedel-Crafts type reaction in which biphenyl is reacted with bromine with, or without, an organic solvent, using, e.g., aluminium chloride, aluminium bromide, or iron as catalyst.
		2.1.1 Primary constituents The term "polybrominated biphenyls" or "polybromobiphe nyls" (PBBs) refers to a group of halogenated hydrocarbons, formed by substituting hydrogen by bromine in biphenyl (Fig.
		According to two major manufacturers, their biphenyl grade used for bromination contained less than 5 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, of impurities, e.g., toluene, naphthalene, methylene biphenyl (fluorene), and various methyl biphenyls (Neufeld et al., 1977).
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc152.htm (11013 words)

	Polybrominated Chemical Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Intertek tests for polybrominated chemicals in polymers, plastics and composites.
		Polybrominated chemical testing is conducted by experienced chemists using state-of-the-art instrumentation.
		Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are also bromine based compounds, used for similar applications as PBDEs, but have been banned in most nations since the 1970's.
	www.intertek-cb.com /newsitetest/news/polybromchemtest.shtml (159 words)

	EWG Report \|\| Toxic Fire Retardants (PBDEs) in Human Breast Milk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Stern, G.A. and Ikonomou, M.G. Temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in SE Baffin Beluga: increasing evidence of long-range atmospheric transport.
		Comparison of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish, vegetables, and meats and levels in human milk of nursing women in Japan.
		Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal and fetal blood samples.
	www.ewg.org /reports/mothersmilk/references.php?print_version=1 (2217 words)

	OCC-ENV-MED-L archives -- September 2003 (#152)
		The PBB (Polybrominated biphenyls) contamination incident in Michigan: in 1972-73, animal feed contaminated with this flame retardant were widely distributed in Michigan, resulting in the destruction of millions of dollars of animals and animal products and the formation of our cohort study of highly-exposed farm families, their offspring and consumers.
		In 1973 and 1974, 8,000 to 12,500 Michigan residents were exposed to meat, milk, butter, cheese, and eggs contaminated with polybrominated biphenyls.
		Accidental contamination of the Michigan food supply with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) led to the exposure of more than 4000 individuals in 1973 and subsequent formation of the Michigan PBB registry.
	list.mc.duke.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0309&L=occ-env-med-l&F=&S=&P=17986 (2068 words)

	ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBBs and PBDEs).
		Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are chemicals that were added to plastics used in a variety of consumer products, such as computer monitors, televisions, textiles, and plastic foams, to make them difficult to burn.
		Because PBBs were mixed into plastics rather than bound to them, they were able to leave the plastic and find their way into the environment.
	atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov /toxprofiles/phs68.html (2986 words)

	ATSDR - Toxicological Profile: Polybrominated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBBs and PBDEs)
		ATSDR - Toxicological Profile: Polybrominated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBBs and PBDEs)
		Polybrominated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBBs and PBDEs)
		Toxicological profile for polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers - draft for public comment.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /toxprofiles/tp68.html (516 words)

	Occurrence of Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Polybrominated Dibenzofurans as ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Occurrence of Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Polybrominated Dibenzofurans as Impurities in Commercial Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Mixtures
		The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations and compositions of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs), and polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs) as contaminants in the commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixtures DE-71, DE-79, and DE-83 and to ascertain the lot-to-lot variations in the proportions of these contaminants.
		Results of our study suggest that PBDFs can also be formed during the production of commercial PBDE mixtures, in addition to their formation during pyrolysis of brominated flame retardants.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/esthag/asap/abs/es060559k.html (250 words)

	Environmental Poisoning of Children -- Lessons from the Past (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1973, the Michigan Chemical Company was marketing two compounds with similar names and packaging--Nutrimaster, a magnesium oxide supplement for dairy cows, and Firemaster, a polybrominated biphenyl mixture used as a flame retardant.
		Chromatographic evidence of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure from a spill.
		Lymphocyte function of Michigan dairy farmers exposed to polybrominated biphenyls.
	www.ehponline.org /members/1995/Suppl-6/rogan-full.html (4923 words)

	Polybrominated Biphenyls
		The six substances are lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB (polybrominated biphenyls), and PBDE (polybrominated diphenylethers).
		1 July 2006, new electric and electronic equipment put on the market should not contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls...
		It also covers five industrial chemicals: crocidolite, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated terphenyls (PCT) and...
	carcinogens.cancer-help.org /Polybrominated_Biphenyls.html (221 words)

	Risk assessment of polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers - RIVM Rapport 679101016 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Risk assessment of polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers - RIVM Rapport 679101016
		in the present report a risk assessment of polybrominated flame retardants carried out by the Dutch ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment in 1990 is evaluated in the view of new information.
		The assessment focusses on three aspects on which the following is concluded: 1) One can expect an increase in polybromodibenzodioxins, polybromodibenzofurans and their chlorinated analogs (PBDD/F and PCDD/F, respectively) formation in MWI plants as a consequence of the growing use of brominated flame retardants in plastics.
	www.rivm.nl /bibliotheek/rapporten/679101016.html (306 words)

	The New PCBs
		olybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
		Toxicological Profile for polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyl ethers.
		Sciences International, Inc. Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBS), Prepared Under Subcontract to: Research Triangle Institute Under Contract No. 205-93-0606; Prepared for: US Department Of Health And Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
	www.heritageresearch.com /pbde.htm (1595 words)

	Developmental abilities of children exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) -- Seagull 73 (3): 281 -- American ...
		Developmental abilities of children exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) -- Seagull 73 (3): 281 -- American Journal of Public Health
		Developmental abilities of children exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)
		To investigate whether ingestion of polybrominated biphenyls has an adverse
	www.ajph.org /cgi/content/abstract/73/3/281 (283 words)

	ICE Components - RoHS Directive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The RoHS directive requires that new electrical and electronic equipment do not contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE).
		No lead, mercury, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls or polybrominated diphenyl ethers are intentionally added to new purchases of raw materials for use in ICE Components’ magnetic products.
		From July 1, 2006, Article 4(1) prohibits the use of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) in electric light bulbs and luminaires used in households and in electrical and electronic equipment of the following categories defined in Article 2:
	www.icecomponents.com /rohs_letter.htm (371 words)

	EPA - Endocrine \| Human Health Consequences of PBB Contamination in Michigan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Breast cancer among women exposed to polybrominated biphenyls.
		Landrigan PJ, Wilcox KR, Silva J, Humphrey H, Kauffman C, Heath C. Cohort study ofMichigan residents exposed to polybrominated biphenyls: epidemiologic andimmunologic findings.
		Mortality Experience among people exposed to polybrominated biphenyls.Am J Epidem, July, 1996 (Abstract)Rosen at al.
	www.epa.gov /edrlupvx/inventory/CDC-RUB1.html (219 words)

	EPA - Endocrine \| Mortality Experience of People Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mortality Experience of People Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls
		This project compares the observed and expected cause-specific mortalityof the Michigan PBB cohort.
		Mortality Experience of People Exposed to Polybrominated Biphenyls(Abstract) American Journal of Epidemiology, June 1996.
	www.epa.gov /edrlupvx/inventory/CDC-SINK.html (171 words)

	RoHS-compliant monitoring and control instruments: News from National Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Voluntary programme to restrict use of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) despite EU exclusion for these instruments
		The European Union RoHS directive restricts the use of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in new electrical and electronic equipment put on the market in the European Union after 1 July 2006.
		The RoHS directive applies to eight categories of electrical and electronic equipment but excludes products in category 9, monitoring and control instruments, under which NI products fall.
	www.laboratorytalk.com /news/nat/nat164.html (334 words)

	Green SupplyLine \| EU updates RoHS exemption annex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sign up for the Green SupplyLine newsletter, a weekly e-mail guide to information on global environmental standards.
		The European Parliament recently announced additional exemptions to the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive in some applications of lead, mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE).
		Changes center on use of lead in solders, optical and filter glass, compliant-pin connector systems, as well as cadmium in electrical contacts.
	www.greensupplyline.com /news/173603000 (472 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #160914 - Toxicological profile for polybrominated biphenyls
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		The Statement was prepared to give one information about polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and to emphasize the human health effects that may result from exposure to them.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=160914 (148 words)

	AquaSirius - POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs). (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The information below is taken from the EPA website on critical contaminants:
		Polybrominated biphenyl (PCBs) were widely used in electrical equipment such as transformers and capacitors.
		For example, PCB oil-filled electric switches eliminated electric sparking problems that could trigger explosions at petroleum refineries.
	www.aqua-sirius.com /w-kill-pcbs.html (620 words)

	Chemical - Factsheet - Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) Hexabromobiphenyl (HxBB)
		Chemical - Factsheet - Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) Hexabromobiphenyl (HxBB)
		Discovery/Uses: The production of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) began in 1970.
		HxBB was used as a fire retardant mainly in thermoplastics for constructing business machine housing and industrial (e.g.
	www.oztoxics.org /cmwg/chemicals/rbapts_chem/PBB.html (215 words)

	Find in a Library: Polybrominated biphenyls.
		by W Gross; J Kielhorn; C Melber; WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Polybrominated Biphenyls.
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/de771617b8812f70a19afeb4da09e526.html (52 words)

	Green Materials for Electrical, Electronic and Other Applications
		There are several worldwide initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of various hazardous materials (i.e., lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in many industrial applications to safeguard both human health and the environment.
		Since deadlines for the implementation of environmental regulations are quickly approaching (for example, the European RoHS directive will go into effect on July 1, 2006), many manufacturers are required to make decisions on which replacement materials to use, while minimizing process risks and ensuring optimal product quality.
		Of particular interest are replacement material trends, technical issues related to their utilization, current and emerging applications, process methods and market penetration.
	www.electronics.ca /reports/materials/green_materials.html (2189 words)

	RoHS Directive is an EU directive that will restrict the use of six substances - Norgay Enterprises Ltd
		RoHS Directive is an EU directive that will restrict the use of six substances - Norgay Enterprises Ltd
		RoHS Directive is an EU directive that will restrict from July, 2006 the use of six substances, Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Haxavalent chromium (Cr6+), Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) as certain hazardous substances in connection with the Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE).
		It regulates content ratios of these certain hazardous substances on a weight basis in a product by minimum components such as regulated DC power supplies, noise filters.
	www.norgay.com /products/cosel_power_supplies/RoHS-Directive.htm (153 words)

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