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Topic: Polygonal fort

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	Fort Burgoyne
		Fort Burgoyne was designed (as one of the famous 'Palmerston Forts') to protect the North Spur area of Dover Castle which was perceived as a weak spot in the defences and the most likely approach for an invading army.
		The polygonal fort is surrounded by a 35 foot wide dry ditch with a double caponier giving flanking fire along the ditch from the northern point.
		In the centre of the fort is the parade ground surrounded on three sides by bomb proof barracks.
	www.undergroundkent.co.uk /fort_burgoyne.htm (516 words)

	Fortification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nakhal Fort, one of the best-preserved forts in Oman.
		Star forts of the cannon era did not fare well against the effects of high explosive, and the intricate arrangements of bastions, flanking batteries and the carefully constructed lines of fire for the defending cannon could be rapidly disrupted by explosive shells.
		Worse the large open ditches surrounding forts of this type were an integral part of the defensive scheme, as was the covered way at the edge of the counter scarp.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort (948 words)

	My Gosport Guide to the Palmerston Forts of Gosport - Fort Grange, Fort Gomer, Fort Blockhouse, Fort Rowner
		All five forts, with a supporting battery, were built between 1853 and 1863 on the western side of Gosport to protect Portsmouth harbour from an invasion force attacking from the land.
		Fort Elson and Fort Gomer at the north and south of the line were smaller with only 30 guns.
		In 1708 the fort was rebuilt on an irregular trace.
	www.mygosport.org /forts.htm (1308 words)

	Udaipur Forts, Forts in Udaipur Rajasthan, Rajasthan Fort Tours
		Cradled in the Aravali Ranges the fort was built in the 15th century by Rana Kumbha.
		The fort is self-contained and has within its amalgam almost everything to withstand a long siege.
		Maharana Fateh Singh renovated the fort in the 19th century.
	www.holidays2india.com /holy-places-in-rajasthan-udaipur.htm (614 words)

	Fort Burgoyne
		At both the north-east and north-west corners of the fort are single caponiers, with another on the west flank to give cover to the remaining ditches.
		In the centre of the fort is a parade ground surrounded on three sides by bomb proof barracks protected by a covering of earth on top of which were the main gun positions.
		The fort was initially armed with 29 guns on the ramparts of which 6 were in Haxo casemates (bomb proof vaulted gun emplacements designed by General Haxo).
	www.dover-kent.co.uk /defence/fort_burgoyne.htm (450 words)

	Fort Du Quesne - Historic Landmarks
		FORT DU QUESNE was situated on the east side of the Monongahela, on the tongue of land formed by the junction of that stream with the Alleghany.
		The sides of the fort nearest the rivers being comparatively protected by nature, were not furnished with bastions; but a strong stockade, twelve feet high, and made of logs a foot in diameter driven pile-wise into the ground, extended from bastion to bastion and completely enclosed the area.
		Immediately between the eastern postions was sunken a deep well, whose diameter was the width of the gate-way, and over which a drawbridge was placed that at night, or in time of danger, was drawn up with chain and levers; and these actually formed the gate.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles16/america-36.shtml (1912 words)

	New Age Fortifications Magazine
		Today the fort of Grodzisko with the contiguous fortifications and infrastructure belongs to the best-preserved polygonal fortifications in Poland and vegetation is gradually wiped out from its surface.
		At the beginning the author mentions the construction of the forts, which were unable to resist the heaviest artillery during the WWI, so the garrisons hidden there had to search a solution.
		The fortress of Froideterre is a small infantry fort ("ouvrage") in the northern part of the Verdun fortification ring.
	www.sweb.cz /fortif/8_02/en_index.html (1076 words)

	Fort Adams, Newport, Rhode Island - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Comparison of the armament and the garrison of Fort Adams with others in the country indicates Fort Adams was designed for mounting 468 cannons and for a wartime garrison of 2400 men.
		Fort Adams has an enceinte that incorporates tiers of cannon for seacoast defense that characterized forts such as Pulaski and Sumter, yet has detached landward defenses comprised of massive earth ramparts that appear only infrequently at other forts, among them Fort Delaware.
		It was demonstrated at Fort Pulaski and other forts that brick and granite was incapable of resisting the impact of missiles propelled from heavy rifled cannons.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /newport_fort_adams.htm (602 words)

	Fort Adams History
		While both Fort Adams and Fort Pickens had bastions that were countermand, the counter mines extending under the covered way and glacis are unique in the former as is the system of underground stairways providing access to these and the counterfile rooms.
		Consistent with practice at all the forts under construction detailed annual reports illustrated with drawings of plans and sections were required as the work progressed--thus producing the large number of progress drawings of plans and sections were required as the work progressed--thus producing the large number of progress drawings now in the archives.
		The fort was again abandoned in 1859 and in 1861 it was transferred to the Department of the Navy for the use of the Naval Academy.
	www.riparks.com /fortadamshistory.htm (5801 words)

	Fort Negley Opens to Public (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The fort was built in 1862 on one of the highest hills surrounding the city.
		The fort was built by impressed fl laborers, either slaves or runaway slaves, and it is estimated that 300 to 800 workers died during construction.
		Fort Negley was the largest and most important fortification built by Union troops after their occupation of Nashville in 1862.
	www.bonps.org /negley121004.htm (838 words)

	Royal Armouries: Fort Nelson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Fort Nelson was built as a response to invasion fears at a time of rapidly changing military technology and of British suspicion of the ambitions of France under Emperor Napoleon III.
		Fort Nelson is an extensive artillery fortification forming part of the defences of the Royal Dockyard at Portsmouth.
		At Fort Nelson the gorge and entrances were defended by flanking fire from the barracks and 'redan' - a V shaped projection, while the dry moat was covered by fire from 'caponiers' - protected gun-emplacements reached by tunnels from the barracks.
	www.royalarmouries.org /extsite/view.jsp?sectionId=147 (512 words)

	Fort Negley in Nashville
		Fort Negley became the largest Union fort west of Washington, D. The topmost structure consisted of twelve-foot timbers, a stockade to hold horses and soldiers' quarters.
		Fort Negley, a polygonal copy of an old Spanish design consumed 62,500 cubic feet of stone and 18,000 cubic yards of dirt; occupied 600 by 300 feet and 51 acres of St. Cloud Hill; and rested some 620 feet above sea level.
		The fort, however, was allowed to fall into ruins again until interest to restore the fort began anew with the 1964 Civil War Centennial Celebration.
	www.tnstate.edu /library/digital/FORT.HTM (983 words)

	13. Saalburg
		The main axis of the settlement was the road which led from the main gate, dead straight in a south-eastern direction towards Nida, the capital of the Civitas Taunensium at the north edge of Frankfurt.
		Two older forts from the end of the 1st century were situated not far to the north-east of the fort.
		In the reconstruction, the stone defence wall with the earth embankment behind it and the four gates, the principia, the horreum, parts of the conjectured praetorium, two troop barracks and numerous springs were erected.
	www.deutsche-limeskommission.de /index.php?id=44&L=1 (622 words)

	Articles by W. Lynn Seldon Jr. - Travel Writer & Photographer
		One of the island's earliest strongholds, Fort St. Catherine was built in the 17th century and was enlarged in the 19th century.
		Fort Scaur was built in the 1870s to defend against potential attack by the U.S. Navy.
		Fort afficionados will enjoy the view from the ramparts, the RML cannon, and the disappearing carriages upon which the fort's cannons were mounted.
	www.lynnseldon.com /article202.html (8128 words)

	Journal of San Diego History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Construction of the fort, which would be capable of repelling a naval armada and a landing force of 200 marines storming the shores of Ballast Point and La Playa, began on June 6, 1873, and was aborted on June 30, 1874, when Congress cut funding for U.S. military spending across the nation.
		Union bombardment of Fort Sumter between 1863 and 1865 provided proof-positive to the Totten Board that brick masonry architecture was made obsolete by the large-bore guns being developed by ordnance research in that period.
		The outline of this fort was a polygon with seven gun batteries facing the inside of the harbor offshore from La Playa.
	www.sandiegohistory.org /journal/85spring/fort.htm (3989 words)

	GOSPORT ADVANCED LINE FORTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		They were constucted at the same time as the Portsdown Forts to the north of Portsmouth and Fort Fareham.The 3 main polygonal shaped forts, all with circular keeps and 83 guns, are Fort Brockhurst, Fort Grange and Fort Rowner.
		The forts were all protected by moats, although Fort Grange's moat has been filled in.
		Fort Rowner is MOD owned but now derelict and overgrown and Fort Elson, also MOD property, is also derelict but with no access.
	www.ecastles.co.uk /gosport.html (232 words)

	Victoria Lines Fortifications - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
		The militarization of the whole span of the great Fault was a process which was undertaken during the second half of the l9th century by the British military in an attempt to seal off the northern approaches to the fortified Grand Harbour area with its important naval facilities.
		A fourth fortress, Fort Pembroke, was built on the eastern littoral below and to the rear of Fort Madliena.
		The major forts themselves, with the exception of Fort Mosta, however, continued to play out a dual coastal and defensive role with their heavy 9.2-inch and 6-inch guns.
	whc.unesco.org /en/tentativelists/1114 (452 words)

	CARDIFF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The original Flavian fort may have been occupied until the turn of the third-century if the Antonine pottery found at the site was used by the military, however, it is possible that the fort site had been abandoned sometime earlier and the pottery is civilian in origin.
		Whatever the case, a large stone fort was built on the site in AD343, at roughly the same time as the forts of the Saxon Shore were appearing on the south-east coast of England.
		The fort measures about 650 by 600 feet (7¾ acres internally) and has a single gate, with projecting towers, at each end, and perhaps a postern in the middle of each side.
	www.roman-britain.org /places/cardiff.htm (308 words)

	Arkansas Post National Memorial - The Founding of Arkansas Post (Chapter Five)
		Fort Saint Louis had been founded by De Tonti in 1680.
		This fort was abandoned in 1756 and moved to a site six miles from the mouth of the Arkansas, on the south side of the river, opposite Big Island, at a place in later days called either Fort Desha or the Turner Place.
		A polygonal fort, each side 180 feet long, with a 3-pounder cannon in each bastion was built enclosing four buildings.
	www.nps.gov /arpo/found/chap5b.htm (617 words)

	Fort of Moti, Daman Forts, Monuments of India, Tourist Places in Daman Diu, Historical Forts of Daman, Daman & Diu ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Prior to the construction of the Fort of Moti Daman, there existed a small Muslim citadel under the control of an Abyssinian chief.
		The Fort is protected by a moat on the land side and also connects the river to the sea.
		On the Northern side within the con- fines of the Fort were located the palaces, the secretariat and other official buildings.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /states/fort-moti-daman.html (297 words)

	Sahyadri,Trekking,Marathi,Maharastra site. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Each and every fort built had a purpose mainly confined to war times, but the basic aim behind fort building was to guard the important routes on which trade takes place.
		The lake is polygonal with 16 sides, and was constructed by Nana Phadnis.
		The fort is not so big as the main forts, but it acquired significance due to its geographical location and the dominance of Buddhists and later the Satvaahans here.
	www.trekshitiz.com /EI/EI_DefaultUser.asp?FortName=Lohgad (1258 words)

	CHATHAM DEFENCES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Forts Pitt and Clarence were added in 1805 and then a ring of forts was built around the south, north and east of Chatham dockyard between the late 1870's and 1900.
		These were based on a polygonal design for the land forts and a circular plan for the island forts on Darnet and Hoo.
		A circular fort on an island in the Medway built between 1861 and 1872.
	www.ecastles.co.uk /chatham.html (269 words)

	Crownhill Fort - Plymouth
		This Palmerston fort built to defend Plymouth against attack from the north was built between 1863 and 1872 in response to the threat from Napoleon III of France.
		Above this the steeply banked earthwork rampart protects the terreplein on which the forts main ordenance was stationed in a variety of enclosures with the heaviest firepower facing north.
		A interesting feature of this fort is the countermining gallery, a complex of tunnels running north from the counterscarp in which sentries would listen for the sounds enemy sappers digging to place explosives under the defences.
	home.clara.net /sjtammadge/crwnhll.html (952 words)

	The Tribune - Windows - Sites and scenes
		Having failed to regain the control of the fort, he raised a parallel fort at Sujanpur Tira on the shores of the Beas.
		The quake left a trail of devastation as a number of religious and historical structures, housed in the fort, were reduced to rubble.
		The fort, a winsome blend of the medieval and ancient genre of fort architecture, covers a fairly large area and is guarded by high ramparts and a huge wall.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2002/20021228/windows/sites.htm (1230 words)

	U.K. Fort Data
		Fort Nelson SU 608 072 Portsmouth, Hants Land Royal Commission Bought by Hampshire County Council 1978 and leased by Royal Armouries as out-station.
		Outside the fort on the foreshore are the remains of and old RML practice battery and a 3-pounder QF battery.
		Fort Southwick SU 626 068 Portsmouth, Hants Land Royal Commission Was Admiralty Research Establishment (H.M.S. Fort Southwick) and inaccessible.
	www.palmerstonforts.org.uk /data.htm (2606 words)

	VLN: S.F. Architecture 1853-1860
		As one of the finest surviving examples of a group that includes Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, it is well worth a visit and has a wonderful view of the bay from beneath the Golden Gate Bridge (Woodbridge and Woodbridge 1992: 163).
		When the military declared the fort, now abandoned and decaying, surplus property after World War II, a citizens group arranged to reopen the fort for intermittent tours and campaigned to turn it into a National Historic Site--which was accomplished in 1970 (Wiley 2000: 351-52).
		When preparations were being made in the 1850s for the construction of the massive brick Fort Point, the entire promontory and whatever remained of the old castillo were blasted away (Alexander and Heig 2002: 12).
	www.verlang.com /sfbay0004ref_19thc_003.html (4062 words)

	The Tribune - Windows - Featured story
		The fort was conquered by Mahmud Ghazni in early eleventh century.
		Sansar Chand II, the Katoch ruler, recaptured the fort from its Mughal governor in 1785.
		Beyond the temple is the Sheesh Mahal and towards the south-west is the polygonal watch tower overlooking the spectacular valley.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2000/20000129/windows/main4.htm (391 words)

	Jeropa Travel
		Was for centuries a fishing village, a focal point for fishermen attracted by the abundance of fish, especially sardines and tuna, which was salted and sold in the south and in the centre of Portugal.
		To defend the settlement against raids from pirates and corsairs, a small fort was built in the 17th century at the initiative of a prosperous boat-owner.
		The hermitage used to be surrounded by an old coastal defence fort that was built in the 15th century, which was destroyed by the earthquake of 1755.
	www.jeropa-travel.com /information_details.asp?ID=18 (13890 words)

	Fort George (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Originally, the Fort was due to be a reconstruction of Oliver Cromwell's seventeenth century fort at Inverness, but the present site, on barren land, was chosen and proved much more suitable.
		To support the Fort and the other military bases in the Highlands, roads were built between them and several old tower houses and castles were provided with a similar style of polygonal rampart, such as can still be seen at Corgarff.
		One of the best displays within the Fort tells the story of several men who passed through, their varying ranks and experiences as well as the conditions they lived in while at Fort George.
	www.heritage.me.uk /misc/fort_george.htm (770 words)

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