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Topic: Polymer chain

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	Glossary
		Periodic copolymers are named: poly(A-per-B-per-C) block copolymers: a polymer comprising molecules in which there is a linear arrangement of blocks, a block being defined as a portion of a polymer molecule in which the monomeric units have at least one constitutional or configurational feature absent from the adjacent portions.
		Polymer liquid crystals in which the mesogenic cores are a part of the main chain or backbone of the polymer.
		A polymer liquid crystal in which the mesogens are attached to the side of the main chain and not a part of the main chain itself.
	plc.cwru.edu /tutorial/enhanced/files/GLOSSARY/Glossary.htm (5322 words)

	Polymer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Because polymers are distinguished by their constituent monomers, polymer chains within a substance are often not of equal length.
		Polymers containing amide groups can form hydrogen bonds between adjacent chains; the positive hydrogen atoms in N-H groups of one chain are strongly attracted to the oxygen atoms in C=O groups on another.
		Polymer known as polymer substrate is used for everyday banknotes in Australia and New Zealand, and is also used in commemorative notes in other countries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polymer (1398 words)

	Polymer Glossary
		a chain reaction in which the growth of a polymer chain proceeds exclusively by reaction(s) between monomer(s) and reactive site(s) on the polymer chain such that the reactive site(s) are regenerated on the same polymer chain by the end of each growth step.
		In a chain polymerization, the average degree of polymerization remains constant with monomer conversion (e.g., in steady-state, radical polymerizations) or may increase with monomer conversion (e.g., in the formation of living polymers).
		An adjective referring to a chain macromolecule the segments of which produce such small frictional effects when moving in a medium such that the hydrodynamic field in the vicinity of a given segment is not affected by the presence of other segments.
	www.mit.edu /afs/athena/course/10/10.491-md/www/CourseNotes/Polymer_CN_Glossary.html (2834 words)

	Definitions of Terms
		The decision to classify a polymer as branched or cross-linked is based on the extent to which the side-chains on the polymer backbone link adjacent polymer chains.
		Cross-linked polymers are insoluble in all solvents because the polymer chains are tied together by strong covalent bonds.
		Polymers with regular substituents on the polymer chain possess a property known as tacticity (from the Latin tacticus, fit for arranging).
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/1polymer/terms.html (1369 words)

	Polymer chain - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Polymer chain
		In the polymerization of ethene to polyethene (polythene), electrons are transferred from the carbon–carbon double bond of the ethene molecule, allowing the molecules to join together as a long chain of carbon–carbon single bonds.
		There are many polymers, both natural (cellulose, chitin, lignin, rubber) and synthetic (polyethylene and nylon, types of plastic).
		The size of the polymer matrix is determined by the amount of monomer used; it therefore does not form a molecule of constant molecular size or mass.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Polymer+chain (178 words)

	SPI: About the Industry: Definitions of Resins
		Plastics generally are organic high polymers (i.e., they consist of large chainlike molecules containing carbon) that are formed in a plastic state either during or after their transition from a small-molecule chemical to a solid material.
		Low molecular weight polymers of ethylene are fluids used as lubricants; medium weight polymers are waxes miscible with paraffin; and the high molecular weight polymers (i.e., over 6000) are the materials used in the plastics industry.
		Polymers with densities ranging from about.910 to.925 are called low density; those of densities from.926 to.940 are called medium density; and those from.941 to.965 and over are called high density.
	www.plasticsindustry.org /industry/defs.htm (4802 words)

	Monte Carlo Simulation of Hard-Sphere Polymer Chains: Theory and Practice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		It is of importance to determine the conformations of polymer chains in solution and in the liquid state as well as the amorphous or glassy state.
		The average conformations of the polymer chains determine the macroscopic properties not the instantaneous conformations.
		Chain movements are correlated to the previous arrangements as the movements are effected by interactions between chains.
	infohost.nmt.edu /~morganp/MC_intro.html (4241 words)

	Scientific Principles:Polymers
		The field of polymers is so vast and the applications so varied, that it is important to understand how polymers are made and used.
		Branched polymers have a chain structure that consists of one main chain of molecules with smaller molecular chains branching from it.
		The molecular segments in amorphous polymers or the amorphous domains of semi-crystalline polymers are randomly arranged and entangled.
	matse1.mse.uiuc.edu /~tw/polymers/prin.html (3651 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The spring-bead chain model as defined already in 1953 by Rouse along with the Fraenkel spring potential was used to represent polymer chains.
		The equations of motion of the chains are solved by using the Langevin equation.
		Chains move according to actions of a systematic frictional force and a randomly fluctuating force w(t), where t is time.
	www.unt.edu /LAPOM/publications/abstracts/drag_reduction.html (199 words)

	Fundamentals of Polymers for Fiber Applications
		A molecule used in producing a polymer is a monomer” —; mono is Greek for single, thus a monomer is a “single part”.
		This form of step-growth polymerization is used for the manufacture of two of the most important classes of polymers used for textile fibers, polyamide (commonly known as nylon), and polyester.
		Thus, nylon 6,6 — a very common fiber polymer — is made by reacting molecules of adipic acid (containing six carbons in a chain, with an acid function at each end) with hexamethylene diamine (also six carbon atoms, with amine functions at each end).
	www.fibersource.com /f-tutor/poly.htm (2001 words)

	AmericanPlasticsCouncil.org - Plastics: The Basics of Polymer Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The polymer chains in objects that are translucent and opaque are in a crystalline arrangement.
		Thermal resistance is evident in the kitchen with pot and pan handles made of polymers, the coffee pot handles, the foam core of refrigerators and freezers, insulated cups, coolers and microwave cookware.
		Polymers have many inherent properties that can be further enhanced by a wide range of additives to broaden their uses and applications.
	www.americanplasticscouncil.org /benefits/about_plastics/primer.html (1357 words)

	Controlling chain end structure a stepping stone to new polymers
		Since chain ends make up such a small portion of a material, they have received less attention in material design.
		Koji Yamauchi, a visiting scientist in the chemistry department at Virginia Tech, is attaching DNA base pairs as polymer end groups.
		Long credits James McGrath with raising awareness of chain ends and has organized the four-session symposium in conjunctions with the ACS Award Symposium recognizing McGrath's influence as a polymer scientist.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-04/vt-cce032902.php (411 words)

	Polymer Chemistry Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Examples are the swelling of a poly(acrylamide) polymer with aqueous solution (in a disposable nappy) or the dissolution of carbon dioxide in seawater (one of the possible antidotes to global warming that crops up in models of world climate.
		Most synthetic polymers are not particularly biodegradable (poly(acrylamide) is a rare example of one that is readily degraded), but many are susceptible to breakdown by ultraviolet radiation from the sun and will crumble away in about the same time as an equivalent sheet of paper.
		Some polymers, like styrene and vinyl chloride, will be difficult to depolymerise because the bonds between the side-groups (the phenyl ring and chlorine in these examples) are weaker than the C-C bonds between ex-monomers, and the polymer will degrade into different species than the starting materials.
	www.kcpc.usyd.edu.au /discovery/glossary-all.html (6465 words)

	Review of Artificial Muscle based on Contractile Polymers
		Polymer gels exhibit abrupt volume changes in response to variations in their external conditions --- shrinking or swelling up to 1000 times their original volume.
		Hydrogen ions enter the gel attracted by the negative charges on the polymer chain while their random motions tend to expand the gel much as a gas exerts pressure within a contained volume.
		The local motion of the polymer network is given by a diffusion equation D = K/f, where D is the diffusion coefficient, K the elastic modulus of the network and f the frictional coefficient between the network and the liquid (Chiarelli 1988).
	www.ai.mit.edu /projects/muscle/papers/memo1330/memo1330.html (3599 words)

	Polymers: Experiment 1
		Polymers (plastics) are large molecules (macromolecules) made up of repeating units called "mers" or more correctly "monomers".
		Draw your polymer and the polymers of two other people who have different numbers on their bags.
		It should be noted here that normal polymers have literally tens to hundreds of thousands of monomers making up a chain instead of the sparingly few that you have been given to use.
	matse1.mse.uiuc.edu /~tw/polymers/d.html (957 words)

	Simulations of the Erythrocyte Cytoskeleton at Large Deformation. II. Micropipette Aspiration -- Discher et al. 75 (3): ...
		In paper I, three variations of a polymer chain model are motivated and investigated as candidate descriptions of the erythrocyte
		The chains are assumed to have a nominal contour length l
		the chains at the pipette entrance are strongly stretched to approximately
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/75/3/1584 (8114 words)

	WLC model
		With the assumption that L is the average bond length the average square chain vector simplifies to Equation 2, where the brackets denote the statistical average over all conformations.
		The freely jointed chain is defined as having a Kuhn length equal to the bond length, Equation 6.
		The unit vector of the polymer chain is the vector of the first bond divided by the bond length.
	www.pitt.edu /AFShome/g/i/gilbertw/public/html/jason/wlc.html (750 words)

	BioMatNet Item: FAIR - EUR 18304 EN: Green Chemical and Polymer Chain - Catalogue of Contracts
		This is done through the concept of integrated chains whereby the needs and specifications of the industry for market products are relayed to the primary or intermediate producer within the respective research projects.
		These chains cover 80 diverse projects selected and funded from six calls over the course of the programme since 1995.
		One of the encouraging results pertaining to these research projects is the high level of active industrial participation, which at 42% is the highest in any life sciences sector in the fourth framework programme, and includes some of Europe's leading chemical companies.
	www.biomatnet.org /secure/Fair/S946.htm (558 words)

	Long-Chain Polymer Branching: Determination by GPC-SEC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Polymer branching has long been recognized as a main influencer of macromolecular properties, both chemical and physical.
		The increase in the number (and, possibly, variety) of end groups of a branched polymer, with respect to its linear counterpart,along with the concomitant increase in the number of branch points, has the potential to greatly alter the chemical reactivity of the polymer, the polymer's ability to crystallize, and so forth.
		Although a clear difference between these two types of branching is yet to be established, LCB is usually thought of as when the length of the side chains is comparable to that of the main chain or, in the absence of the latter, when random dendritic branching occurs.
	www.dekker.com /sdek/120824948-5442248/abstract~content=a713528207~db=enc (386 words)

	Polymer network Defs
		The gel point is defined as the state where enough polymer chains are bonded together (either physically or chemically) such that at least one very large molecule is coextensive with the polymer phase.
		Beyond the gel point, one begins to speak of a polymer network, since increasing fractions of the system are interconnected by more than one bond.
		If the polymer network is an amorphous polymer above its glass transition temperature, it usually exhibits rubber elasticity, i.e., it may stretch several hundred percent and essentially recover its original dimensions on release of the stresses.
	www.polyacs.org /nomcl/pmse.network.html (764 words)

	On the Precise Meaning of Extension in the Interpretation of Polymer-Chain Stretching Experiments -- Neumann 85 (5): ...
		FIGURE 1 The reduced end-to-end separation is shown as a function of the reduced force for the three ensembles.
		Neumann, R. Implications of using the entropy-spring model for an ideal polymer chain.
		Neumann, R. Polymer stretching in an elongational flow.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/85/5/3418 (1074 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The results suggest that the attractive interaction energy between the polymer and the substrate affects the chain dynamics at least 2Rg from the substrate surface.
		The experimental results are interpreted with reference to theoretical self-consistent mean field calculations of the initial polymer chain conformations.
		The decrease in the polymer dynamics can be attributed to the distorted chain conformations in the initial layer size as well as to the structure of polymer chains adsorbed to the substrate.
	www.nist.gov /sigmaxi/Abstracts97/Lin.html (243 words)

	New polymer chain drive could save money
		The ultra-miniature chain performs to a similar standard as the more commonly used stainless steel drives, the manufacturer claims.
		Yet because it is made from a polymer the chain is non-corrosive, solvent-resistant and non-magnetic.
		Stock Drive recommends use of the chain under a maximum operating load of two pounds of tension, although they are tested to a minimum break strength of five pounds.
	www.foodproductiondaily-usa.com /news-by-product/news.asp?id=71326&idCat=0&k=new-polymer-chain (428 words)

	Making sense of polymer-based biosensors -- Heeger and Heeger 96 (22): 12219 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
		Conjugated polymers such as poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and its soluble derivatives are known to exhibit photoluminescence
		on the polymer chain), the luminescence is quenched.
		the complexing of the quencher to the polymer chain.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/22/12219 (1949 words)

	ELEVAG Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In PEO the movement of the polymer becomes important due to the stickiness of the ether oxygen atoms.
		Lithium ion motion can be seen as one polymer chain passing the ion on to the next, in a behaviour we have called octopus football.
		This means that we must now allow the polymer as well as the ions to move.
	www.dcs.shef.ac.uk /%7Esimons/ions (316 words)

	An Artist's Paradise for Polymer Clay Shopping - Polymer Clay Express! Polymer Clay PLUS all the cool stuff you need to ...
		Polymer Clay PLUS all the cool stuff you need to go with it!
		Shop on line for polymer clay, tools, supplies and accessories.
		With this shopping cart system, payment information is submitted via a secure server.
	www.polymerclayexpress.com (261 words)

	Nematic Solvation of Segmented Polymer Chains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		We examine the effect of polymer chain segmentation on the recently discovered ability of nematic solvents to elongate and align polymer chain solutes.
		Coordinated single molecule spectroscopy and beads-on-a-chain simulations are used to study the orientational and conformational order of a series of segmented conjugated polymers, dissolved in the nematic liquid crystal 5CB.
		The order parameters for alignment and elongation are both observed to decrease with increasing segmentation, reflecting an interplay among conformational entropy, solvation anisotropy, and bending energy of the chain.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/nalefd/2005/5/i09/abs/nl051108l.html (139 words)

	Year 1999: Re: ORGLIST: mild methylation of -OH on a polymer chain
		Re: ORGLIST: mild methylation of -OH on a polymer chain
		Maybe in reply to: Eugene Leitl: "ORGLIST: mild methylation of -OH on a polymer chain"
		polymer you have in hand I just can suggest to have a look at the way they
	www.orglist.net /archive/1999/0115.html (157 words)

	Year 1999: ORGLIST: mild methylation of -OH on a polymer chain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		ORGLIST: mild methylation of -OH on a polymer chain
		Maybe reply: Jacob Zabicky: "Re: ORGLIST: mild methylation of -OH on a polymer chain"
		What are your suggestions for methylating hydroxy groups on a polymer
	www.orglist.net /archive/1999/0113.html (132 words)

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