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Topic: Polymorphism biology

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Polymorphic
		In materials science polymorphism is the ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure.
		In biology multiple alleles of a gene within a population, usually expressing different phenotypes, are called polymorphism.
		In these languages, subtyping polymorphism (sometimes referred to as dynamic polymorphism or dynamic typing) allows a function to be written to take an object of a certain type T, but also work correctly if passed an object that belongs to a type S that is a subtype of T (according to the Liskov substitution principle).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Polymorphic (385 words)

	Polymorphism (biology) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In biology, polymorphism (from Greek: poly "many", morph "form") can be defined as "the occurrence in the same habitat of two or more forms of a trait in such frequencies that the rarer cannot be maintained by recurrent mutation alone." E.B. Ford, 1940.
		Still other polymorphisms are variations in an organism's DNA sequence that may or may not affect its phenotype.
		Polymorphisms that do not affect the phenotype are sometimes called neutral polymorphisms.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Polymorphism_%28biology%29 (316 words)

	Polymorphism (biology) Summary
		Polymorphisms are also found outside of genes, in the vast quantity of DNA that does not code for protein.
		Polymorphisms are found in many plants and animals and often exist at a frequency too high to be maintained solely by mutation.
		Polymorphisms are known to exist either as obvious physical variations easily detected by examination of the body of the organism, enzymes, or proteins of those organisms, and as chromosomal or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) variants.
	www.bookrags.com /Polymorphism_%28biology%29 (2720 words)

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		Polymorphism is extremely common; it is a kind of variation related to biodiversity, genetic variation and adaptation.
		Polymorphism deals with forms in which the variation is discrete (discontinuous) or strongly bimodal or polymodal.
		Polymorphism was crucial to research in ecological genetics by E.B. Ford and his co-workers from the mid-1920s to the 1970s (similar work continues today, especially on mimicry).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=polymorphism_(biology) (6856 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Polymorphism (biology)
		In biology, mutations are permanent, sometimes transmissible (if the change is to a germ cell) changes to the genetic material (usually DNA or RNA) of a cell.
		A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism or SNP (pronounced snip) is a DNA sequence variation, occurring when a single nucleotide: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) or guanine (G) - in the genome is altered.
		In molecular biology, the term restriction fragment length polymorphism (or RFLP) is used in two related contexts: as a characteristic of DNA molecules (arising from their differing nucleotide sequences) by which they may be distinguished, and as the laboratory technique which uses this characteristic to compare DNA molecules.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Polymorphism-%28biology%29 (931 words)

	Department of Biology - Faculty
		Polymorphism of the MhcMosa class II b chain-encoding gene in the striped bass (Morone saxatilis).
		Polymorphism of the MHC class II DAB locus in swordtailsXiphophorous multilineatus and Xiphophorus pygmaeus.
		Polymorphism of the MHC class II DAB locus in swordtails Xiphophorous multilineatus and Xiphophorus pygmaeus.
	www.ecu.edu /cs-cas/biology/mcconnell_tom.cfm (1868 words)

	Home : Nature Omics Gateway
		Biology has become an increasingly data-rich subject, and NPG is committed to helping the community mine those data for novel insight.
		The importance to the life science community as a whole of such large-scale approaches is reflected in the huge number of citations to many of the key papers in these fields; the human and mouse genome papers being the most obvious examples.
		By organizing our papers and web focus projects on large-scale biology into this comprehensive, regularly updated, one-stop web portal, we hope to help you quickly reach the resources you need to study the -ome of your choice and to keep you up-to-date with the most significant research in that area.
	www.nature.com /omics/index.html (317 words)

	Species (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		That is, polymorphism at the higher level, and the population structure that binds polymorphism, is essential in explaining lower level similarities within the genders and other sub-groups of a species.
		Contemporary biology may not have discovered the unifying feature of species, but that does not mean that biology will not find such a feature in the future.
		In that search, biology has learned that there are different types of lineages called ‘species.’ But proponents (Ereshefsky 1998) of this option do not opt for a disjunctive definition of ‘species.’ According to this option, we should doubt the very existence of the category species.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/species (6899 words)

	polymorphism - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		In computer science, polymorphism means allowing a single definition to be used with different types of data (specifically, different classes of objects).
		In general, polymorphism describes multiple possible states for a single property (it is said to be polymorphic, or polymorphous).
		Polymorphism may be: * Polymorphism (biology), having multiple...
	encarta.msn.com /polymorphism.html (238 words)

	Biology & Biotechnology - Faculty & Staff
		We have cloned both ribosomal RNA genes and histone genes from P. vannamei and shown that both sets of genes are polymorphic in all populations tested, and that the diversity of rRNA genes is restricted in aquacultured shrimp.
		The polymorphism we found in the rRNA genes is particularly interesting, because it may have biological significance.
		The other fragment is polymorphic, even within individual animals, and the variants differ by nearly equal lengths of 250-280 base pairs.
	www.wpi.edu /Academics/Depts/BBT/People/Bagshaw (869 words)

	Restriction fragment length polymorphism - definition from Biology-Online.org
		(Science: molecular biology, technique) A method that allows familiar relationships to be established by comparing the characteristic polymorphic patterns that are obtained when certain regions of genomic dna are amplified (typically by pCR) and cut with certain restriction enzymes.
		The variation in the length of dna fragments produced by a restriction endonuclease that cuts at a polymorphic locus.
		Similarly, if a polymorphism can be identified close to the locus of a genetic defect, it provides a valuable marker for tracing the inheritance of the defect.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/restriction_fragment_length_polymorphism (253 words)

	Biology Direct \| Full text \| Clinical applications of Genome Polymorphism Scans
		Multiallelic polymorphisms A and B from the Scan are 5 cM apart and flank a disease gene with rare disease allele D and normal allele N. Typing of the disease locus in the grandmother and mother establishes the haplotypes in the mother.
		Multiallelic polymorphisms have the advantages of higher informativeness, the apparent ability to detect linkage disequilibrium at much greater distances [49], and the presence of rare alleles which help in the detection of biological relationships, inbreeding and aneusomies, and which increase haplotypic diversity.
		Polymorphisms may also be chosen so as to determine the orientation of large scale chromosomal rearrangements [22].
	www.biology-direct.com /content/1/1/16 (6357 words)

	polymorphism - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		Biology The occurrence of different forms, stages, or types in individual organisms or in organisms of the same species, independent of sexual variations.
		Ad-hoc polymorphism (better described as overloading) is the ability to use the same syntax for objects of different types, e.g.
		In object-oriented programming, the term is used to describe a variable that may refer to objects whose class is not known at compile time and which respond at run time according to the actual class of the object to which they refer.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/polymorphism (488 words)

	Polymorphism (biology) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In biology, polymorphism (from Greek: poly "many", morph "form") can be defined as discontinuous genetic variation that results in the occurrence of several different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species.
		A polymorphism that persists over many generations is usually maintained because no one form has an overall advantage or disadvantage over the others in terms of natural selection.
		Still other polymorphisms are variations in an organism's DNA sequence that may or may not affect its phenotype.
	en.askmore.net /Polymorphism_%28biology%29.htm (348 words)

	polymorphism - definition by dict.die.net
		Ad-hoc polymorphism (better described as overloading) is the ability to use the same syntax for objects of different types, e.g.
		Parametric polymorphism allows the same object code for a function to handle arguments of many types but overloading only reuses syntax and requires different code to handle different types.
		In object-oriented programming, the term is used to describe a variable that may refer to objects whose class is not known at compile time and which respond at run time according to the actual class of the object to which they refer.
	dict.die.net /polymorphism (268 words)

	MHC Variation - Is it important for conservation? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		MHC polymorphism is characterized by extremely old allelic lineages that have been generated in an evolutionary line of descent from one species to another.
		The trans-species evolution and properties of MHC polymorphism is influenced by the parasites of the second and third categories.
		The origin of MHC polymorphism can be attributed to the defence of the host immune system against the attack of parasites.
	www.science.mcmaster.ca /biology/CBCN/genetics/tran.htm (2413 words)

	Alexey Nikitin - Biology - Grand Valley State University
		My primary research interest is genetic mechanisms that govern the adaptation of animal populations, including humans, to their environment, and the ways to trace and quantify that adaptation.
		My specific area of interest is Human Ecology, the study of reciprocal relationships between human beings and their environment and how this relationship led to changes in both the environment and in the human population, from an evolutionary and a social standpoint.
		The goal of this project is to establish whether those populations differ in the frequency of polymorphic patterns of mtDNA (mtDNA haplogroups) from those of populations from other parts of Europe and to examine various reasons for why and how any such difference may have come about.
	www.gvsu.edu /biology/index.cfm?id=0147D676-FDF4-CEEE-F5368E6C7197E386 (624 words)

	Polymorphism - Definition, explanation
		In computer programming, polymorphism is a mechanism allowing a given function to have many different specifications, depending on the class that implements it.
		Detailed protocol for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), which allows the fingerprinting of a community by analyzing the polymorphism of a certain gene.
		USA Detailed protocol for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), which allows the fingerprinting of a community by analyzing the polymorphism of a certain gene.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/p/po/polymorphism.php (530 words)

	CLEP: Biology
		The Biology examination covers material that is usually taught in a one-year college general biology course.
		Most textbooks used in college-level biology courses cover the topics in the outline given earlier, but the approaches to certain topics and the emphasis given to them may differ.
		To prepare for the Biology exam, it is advisable to study one or more college textbooks, which can be found in most college bookstores.
	www.collegeboard.com /student/testing/clep/ex_bio.html (487 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Polymorphism (biology), having multiple alleles of a gene within a population, usually expressing different phenotypes;
		Polymorphism (biophysics) also referred to as Lipid polymorphism, the property of amphiphiles that gives rise to various aggregations of lipids;
		Polymorphism (botany), the ability of a plant to produce both quiescent and dormant seeds.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=polymorphism (125 words)

	CiteULike: Was Lysenko (partly) right? Michurinist biology in the view of modern plant physiology and genetics.
		Michurinist biology in the view of modern plant physiology and genetics.
		Soviet Lysenkoism was the darkest period of modern science, and its main product--Michurinist biology--was a collection of absurd theories usually based on anecdotal observations or on a few badly designed experiments without proper controls and without any statistical evaluation of results.
		Here, I attempt to present an explanation in terms of modern biology of some of those phenomena, namely vegetative hybridization, wobbled heritability, heritability of environmentally induced adaptive modifications and effects of intravariety hybridization of self-fertilizing cultivars.
	www.citeulike.org /user/camster/article/144292 (423 words)

	Publications - Biology - Ithaca College
		School of Humanities and Sciences » Departments » Biology » Faculty and Staff » Marina Caillaud »
		Genetic variation in an aphid wing polyphenisms is genetically linked to a naturally occurring wing polymorphism.
		A sex-linked locus controls wing polymorphism in males of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris).
	www.ithaca.edu /hs/depts/biology/facstaff/mcaillaud/publications (659 words)

	Association Between IL-1{beta} Gene Polymorphism and Myocardial Infarction -- Momiyama et al. 25 (4): e36 -- ...
		IL-1ß gene polymorphism may not be a factor
		Polymorphisms of the IL-1ß gene affect the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke at young age and the response of mononuclear cells to stimulation in vitro.
		Momiyama Y, Hirano R, Taniguchi H, Nakamura H, Ohsuzu F. Effects of interluekin-1 gene polymorphisms on the development of coronary artery disease associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/atvbaha;25/4/e36 (480 words)

	Brown University Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
		Rand, D. and L. Kann, 1996 Excess amino acid polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA: contrasts among genes from Drosophila, mice, and humans.
		Ecological genetics of the Mpi and Gpi polymorphisms in the northern acorn barnacle and the spatial scale of neutral and non-neutral variation.
		Recombination, dominance and selection on amino acid polymorphism in the Drosophila genome: contrasting patterns on the X and fourth chromosomes.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/EEB/rand/pubs.htm (536 words)

	Molecular Biology Workshop
		This workshop is a combination of lectures and hands-on laboratories in Molecular Biology.
		Overall, it was a decent overview of molecular biology.
		Overall this course is WONDERFUL because it exposes students to the techniques and concepts of molecular biology.
	www.iupui.edu /%7Embwkshp (452 words)

	Rediscovering Biology - Online Textbook: Unit 9 Human Evolution
		Either one or both gene trees may not accurately reflect the true evolutionary history of the species.
		This phenomenon occurs because of genetic variation (polymorphism) in the ancestral species.
		Ancestral polymorphism can segregate differently in the different descendant species; that is, in one of the different descendant species, one of the variants may become fixed and in another descendant species a different variant may be fixed.
	www.learner.org /channel/courses/biology/textbook/humev/humev_3.html (641 words)

	polymorphism - What is definition of the term - polymorphism ?
		Polymorphism may be: * Polymorphism (biology), having multiple alleles of a gene within a population, usually expressing different phenotypes, which include Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
		* Polymorphism (computer science), a mechanism allowing a given function to have many different specifications, depending on the type(s) to which it is applied.
		Polymorphism may also refer to: * Polymorphic code, self-modifying code designed to defeat antivirus programs.
	www.linguasphere.org /dictionary/n-56307-polymorphism.html (217 words)

	Office of the President @ Rowan University
		Farish, D.J. Balanced polymorphism in North American populations of the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (Homoptera: Cercopidae).
		The polymorphism in Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in British Columbia.
		The adaptive significance and genetic control of polymorphism in the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (Cercopidae).
	www.rowan.edu /president/resume (613 words)

	Polymorphism - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		In general, polymorphism describes multiple possible states for a single property.
		In computer programming, polymorphism is allowing types and implementations to be anything as long as certain contracts are maintained.
		In computer underground terms, Polymorphic code is code that mutates to make it harder for antivirus programs to find it.
	www.music.us /education/P/Polymorphism.htm (398 words)

	Just one cross appears capable of dramatically altering the population biology of a eukaryotic pathogen like Toxoplasma ...
		The height of each bar is a linear representation of the number of SNPs per 500 bp of overlapping sequence from all three strains in that particular window.
		Total polymorphism percentages (i.e., SNPs per 100 bp) and those of each SNP type (I, II, or III) in chromosomal regions of low polymorphism percentage (Low), or those dominated by type I, II, or III SNPs.
		The percent polymorphism was calculated by determining the number of SNPs and the number of "informative" sites in a particular region (at least two sequences per strain at that particular site), summed over all similar regions.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/103/27/10514 (4976 words)

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