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Topic: Polynesian rat

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Rattus exulans

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Rattus fuscipes

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	Rat
		Rats are mammals somewhat bigger than their relatives the mice, but seldom weighing over 300 grams.
		The rat (or mouse) is also one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar.
		Rats might eat each other in stressful environments or when the number of rats in a space is very high, but cannibalism to prevent diseases from spreading is normal, where dead rats are eaten before they start spreading diseases.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ra/Rat.html (292 words)

	rat@Everything2.com
		Rats are treated in a way that walks the fine line between discipline and hazing, in an effort to instill uniformity and obedience to orders, as well as creating a bond between fellow rats (VMI calls this the Rat Line).
		The rat belongs to the mouse-like family of rodents (in contrast to the squirrel-like rodents and the the cavy-like rodents).
		Rats used in scientific research travelled the Atlantic and in the late 19th Century they became a popular animal for experimentation; no doubt as a result of their rapid growth, tamability, intelligence, and because there were plenty of them.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node=rat (3053 words)

	Rat
		Rat is a small omnivorous rodent of the genus Rattus.
		Well-known species of rat are the Brown Rat, Rattus norvegicus; the Black Rat, Rattus rattus; the Rice Rat[?], Rattus argentiventer, and the Indian Mole Rat, Bandicota bengalensis.
		The rat (or mouse) is also one of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar.
	www.findword.org /ra/rat.html (647 words)

	Rat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rats are mammals somewhat bigger than their relatives the mice, but seldom weighing over 500 grams.
		Descendants of Norwegian rats bred for research, these animals are often called "fancy rats", "coloured rats" or "colour rats." Domesticated rats tend to be both more docile than their wild ancestors and more disease prone, presumably due to inbreeding.
		They have a very poor reputation; in the English language, "rat" is an insult and "to rat on someone" is to betray them by denouncing a crime or misdeed they committed to the authorities.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Rat (1165 words)

	Natural History Magazine \| Feature
		When rat bones were discovered at some of the fossil sites, he decided to test the assumption that the rats had arrived in New Zealand with the people who settled in the islands about 800 years ago.
		The idea that intermittent visitors carried rats to the islands several times is borne out by a study of the mitochondrial DNA of Pacific rats by Lisa Matisoo-Smith, an anthropologist at Auckland University in Auckland, New Zealand.
		Rats that arrived 1,000 years before any permanent human occupation would have had more than twice as long as people had to alter their adopted ecosystem.
	www.naturalhistorymag.com /0403/0403_feature.html (3026 words)

	Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans, control and management
		In Hawaii, Polynesian rats are most common below 2,500 feet (750 m) elevation, although individuals have been captured at an elevation of 4,900 feet (1,500 m) on Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii and 9,700 feet (2,950 m) on the rim of Haleakala Crater on Maui.
		Polynesian rats are nocturnal and are relatively sedentary.
		Polynesian rats are a major agricultural pest throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific region.
	icwdm.org /handbook/rodents/PolynesianRats.asp (2255 words)

	Rat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A rat is a small nearly omnivorous rodent of the genus Rattus which comprises 56 different species of what is commonly known as the Old World Rats or true rats who originated in Asia.
		Rats are bigger than their relatives the mice, but seldom weigh over 500 grams.
		Their reputation has carried into common parlance: in the English language, "rat" is an insult and "to rat on someone" is to betray them by denouncing a crime or misdeed they committed to the authorities.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Rat (973 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Invasive Alien Species
		This susceptibility is spectacularly illustrated by the demise of Polynesian Partulid snails.
		The Polynesian Rat is widespread throughout the Pacific and South-east Asia.
		The Polynesian rat in the photos is radio tagged and marked to study their number and territory size.
	www.petermaas.nl /extinct/invasive_alien.htm (1172 words)

	Rats Black Rat Black Rat Rattus rattus Scientific classification...
		Rats are mammals mammals somewhat bigger than their relatives the mice mice, but seldom weighing over 300 grams.
		Like mice mice, rats (especially albino albino "Rattus norvegicus Rattus norvegicus") are frequently subjects of medical, psychological and other biological experiments due to their rapid growth to sexual maturity and because rats are easily kept and bred in captivity.
		In imperial Chinese culture Chinese culture, the rat (sometimes referred to as a mouse) is the first of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac Chinese zodiac.
	www.biodatabase.de /rat (898 words)

	The pith and cambium of young palm stems contains both water and nutrients for the rat, and is relatively high in plant ...
		The young rat is sexually mature at 4 months and reproductive potential is continuous until death.
		Rat behavior is influenced by thirst, hunger, sex, maternal instinct, and curiosity.
		Thirsty or hungry rats become desperate and are therefore easier to control because they are less wary.
	www.ctahr.hawaii.edu /nelsons/banana/bananarat.htm (463 words)

	Roof rat control and roof rat animal facts
		Rat densities (numbers of rats in a given area) are determined primarily by the suitability of the habitat—the amount of available nutritional and palatable food and nearby protective cover (shelter or harborage).
		In residences where rats may be living in the attic and feeding outdoors, the damage may be restricted to tearing up insulation for nesting or gnawing electrical wiring.
		Like the Norway rat, the roof rat is implicated in the transmission of a number of diseases to humans, including murine typhus, leptospirosis, salmonellosis (food poisoning), rat-bite fever, and plague.
	www.crittercontrol.com /?doc=resources_af_roofrats (2596 words)

	rats: Roof Rat, biology, elimination
		The roof rat (Rattus Rattus) is one of two introduced rats found in the contiguous 48 states.
		A third rat species, the Polynesian rat, is present in the Hawaiian Islands but not on the mainland.
		The roof rat is apparently not quite as adaptable as the Norway rat, which is one reason it has not spread throughout the country.
	www.pestproducts.com /roof_rats.htm (931 words)

	Small mammal predators invade Hawai`i
		The Polynesian rat arrived with the first Hawaiian settlers and is now common in forests, agricultural and adjacent grassy areas, and wooded gulches.
		Predation by rats, cats, and mongooses is considered a leading cause in the decline and extirpation of endemic Hawaiian birds.
		Rats also prey on native Hawaiian tree snails and insect larvae and are suspected of competing for food with the 'alala (Hawaiian crow), oma`o (Hawaiian thrush), and some endemic insectivorous bird species.
	hvo.wr.usgs.gov /volcanowatch/1999/99_07_15.html (712 words)

	Rodents and Rodent Control in Hawaii
		There are four rodents of economic importance in Hawaii: the roof or fl rat, the Norway or brown rat, the polynesian (Hawaiian rat), and the house or field mouse.
		The roof rat is found in agricultural areas, wooded gulches, kiawe forests, and in both wet and dry forests.
		The polynesian rat is the smallest of the three rats and it apparently prefers agricultural lands, range, and wooded areas (including gulches) up to 2500 feet.
	pestworld.stjohn.hawaii.edu /studypackets/rodents.html (1354 words)

	Rat History
		The rats are holy because they are considered to be reincarnations of people hiding from the wrath of Yama, the Hindu god of death.
		The rat is one of the creatures in the Chinese Zodiac.
		The Rat likes to know who is on its side and will treat its most loyal friends with an extra measure of protection and generosity like the western Zodiac, the Chinese Zodiac is also split into 12 animals, the first of which is the rat.
	www.ramshornstudio.com /rat_history.htm (2865 words)

	Title: Getting the Drop on Hawaiian Invasives , By: Levy, Sharon, Bioscience, 00063568, Aug2003, Vol
		Rats raid the nests of native birds and are one of the major reasons that populations are dwindling, even in the remote Alakai.
		The rats did in the last of the island's bush wrens and short-tailed bats, two creatures that conservationists were actively trying to save.
		The bones of one mother puaiohi were found in a fl rat's nest; broken eggs and she car-casses of many nestlings showed characteristic rat tooth marks and sometimes were found in rat burrows.
	www.hawaii.edu /geog_mr/geog122online/08-terrestrial/invasives.htm (3379 words)

	Critter Control
		Polynesian rats are native to Southeast Asia but have dispersed with humans across the central and western Pacific.
		Rat damage to Hawaiian sugarcane is negligible until the crop is 14 to 15 months old, after which it increases substantially and progressively until harvest.
		Rats are an exotic species in Hawaii and are not protected by law.
	www.crittercontrol.com /?doc=resources_af_polynesianrats (1203 words)

	Silflay Hraka: Of Rapa Nui And Rattus Exulans
		Humanity did have a hand in destroying the environment there, but an indirect one, as it was the rats accompanying the Polynesian colonists that were the primary cause of the environmental destruction.
		Whether rats were stowaways or a source of protein for the Polynesian voyagers, they would have found a welcoming environment on Rapa Nui—an almost unlimited supply of high-quality food and, other than people, no predators.
		Reason to blame rats more than people may also be revealed in the analysis of sediments obtained at Rano Kau, which, like the Hawaiian evidence, appears to show that the forest declined (leaving less forest pollen in the sediment) before the extensive use of fire by people.
	www.silflayhraka.com /archives/2006/08/of_rapa_nui_and_rattus_exulans.html (913 words)

	DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln \| HAWAIIAN SUGAR CANE RAT CONTROL METHODS AND PROBLEMS
		In the latter species we include both the fl rat and the alexandrine rats, their habits seem to be the same in Hawaii.
		This is a small rat, the average length head to tip of tail is nine inches and the average body weight is 65 grams.
		The norway and alexandrine rats are found in and around the villages and farms, the Polynesian rat is only found in the fields and waste areas.
	digitalcommons.unl.edu /vpc2/13 (805 words)

	AnimalTrek.com - Rat Pictures, Information, Wallpaper, Photos
		Rats are mammals somewhat bigger than their relatives the mice, but seldom weighing over 500 grams.
		The term rat is also used in the names of other small mammals which are not true rats.
		Descendants of Norwegian rats bred for research, these animals are often called "fancy rats", "coloured rats" or "colour rats." Domesticated rats tend to be both more docile than their wild ancestors and more disease prone, presumably due to inbreeding.
	www.animaltrek.com /mammals/rat (228 words)

	Rat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Like mice, rats (especially albino rattus norvegicus) are frequently subjects of medical, psychological and other biological experiments.
		This has disadvantaged many investigators, who regard many aspects of behavior and physiology in rats as more relevant to humans and easier to observe than in mice, but who wish to trace their observations to underlying genes.
		So rats may begin to see more use as genetic research subjects.
	www.enlightenweb.net /r/ra/rat.html (725 words)

	CONSERVATION STATUS OF BIRDS OF CENTRAL PACIFIC ISLANDS CONSERVATION COMMITTEE REPORT
		The fl rat (Rattus rattus) is present on both islands of Midway and probably preys on seabirds and their eggs.
		Polynesian rats are unconmon and may be restricted to one islet in the atoll.
		Polynesian rats, presumably introduced from an early shipwreck on reefs around the island, are abundant at times.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Wilson/v085n01/p0089-p0103.html (14232 words)

	USGS PIERC - Mammalian Predators in Hawaii wet forests
		Of the four rodent species, the fl rat, because of its size, arboreal behavior and nocturnal habits, is considered the greatest threat to native forest birds.
		Black and Polynesian Rats reproduced throughout the year, but the highest proportion of juveniles in the population was captured in September-November and the lowest proportion in April-June.
		Of 44 rats captured in trees, 43 were Black Rats and one was a Polynesian rat.
	biology.usgs.gov /pierc/PLLindseyPredator1.htm (630 words)

	issg Database: Ecology of Rattus exulans
		The Polynesian rat is thought to have originated from the Malayan region, and to have been deliberately introduced to many islands by Polynesians who considered it a valuable food source (Spennemann, 1997).
		Pacific rats have been observed to carry food to “husking stations” to feed, where they are sheltered from predators, competitors and rain (Campbell et al., 1984).
		Pacific rats have been observed to mature earlier and survive better, with some adults surviving to a second breeding season, where high quality food and year-round shelter were available (Atkinson and Towns, 2001).
	www.issg.org /database/species/ecology.asp?si=170&fr=1&sts= (1613 words)

	Introduced Animals - Rats - Christchurch City Libraries
		There are three species of rat in New Zealand - the kiore (Polynesian rat), the Norway or water rat, and the ship or fl rat.
		It is thought that the ferrets and stoats released into New Zealand in the 1880s competed with the Norway rat, while the ship rat extended its range into the forests.
		The Norway rat, the largest of the three, is believed to have first arrived in New Zealand in 1769 with Captain Cook's ship, the Endeavour.
	library.christchurch.org.nz /Kids/NZBirdsAnimals/Rats (625 words)

	Polynesian Rat . Enpsychlopedia
		The Polynesian Rat or Pacific Rat (Rattus exulans), known to the Māori as Kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the Brown Rat and Black Rat.
		The Polynesian Rat is similar in appearance to the Black Rat, but smaller, averaging around 12cm in body-length with a 13cm tail.
		The Polynesian Rat is widespread throughout the Pacific and South-east Asia.
	enpsychlopedia.org /psypsych/Polynesian_Rat (244 words)

	Polynesian Rat Predation on Nesting Laysan Albatrosses and Other Pacific Seabirds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rats also fed on the dead birds, picking the bones elean and often burying the careass as they burrowed around and under it to get at the flesh.
		Thus it seems obvious that the rats prey on healthy, incubating birds, first by removing their feathers and then by feeding on the exposed flesh.
		The lack of observations of Polynesian rats feeding on Laysan Albatrosses is understandable.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v084n03/p0426-p0430.html (3330 words)

	Grain storage techniques ... - Rodent control - Rodent species of post-
		The multimmate rat (Praomys natalensis) and the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) are found in Africa; while the Pacific rat (R. exulans), the bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) and occasionally the striped squirrel (Funambulus pennant)) (Posamentier 1989) occur in Asia.
		A female rat may have up to to five litters in her lifetime, R. norvegicus and R. rattus averaging 7 or 8 young in each litter.
		A female bandicoot rat may share a burrow with a weaned litter, have a litter suckling and be pregnant all at the same time.
	www.fao.org /docrep/T1838E/T1838E1k.htm (2977 words)

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