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Topic: Polyol

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	Polyol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sugar alcohols, a class of polyols, are commonly added to foods because of their lower caloric content than sugars; however they are also generally less sweet, and are often combined with high intensity sweeteners.
		In polymer chemistry polyols are polymers or monomers with hydroxyl functional groups available for organic reactions.
		Polymeric polyols may be polyethers such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or polytetrahydrofuran.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polyol (216 words)

	Polyol pathway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Also called the sorbitol-aldose reductase pathway, the polyol pathway appears to be implicated in diabetic complications, especially in microvascular damage to the retina, kidney and nerves.
		Activation of the polyol pathway results in a decrease of reduced NADP+ and oxidized NAD+; these are necessary cofactors in redox reactions throughout the body.
		Excessive activation of the polyol pathway increases intracellular and extracellular sorbitol concentrations, increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species and decreased concentrations of nitric oxide and glutathione.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polyol_pathway (485 words)

	Food Product Design: Nutrition Notes - May 2004 - The Sweetening Power of Polyols (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Chemically, polyols are considered polyhydric alcohols or sugar alcohols, because part of their structure resembles sugar and part is similar to alcohols.
		Polyols can have a chemical structure that is monosaccharide-derived, such as sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol and erythritol; disaccharide-derived mixtures like isomalt, lactitol or maltitol; or polysaccharide-derived mixtures, such as maltitol syrup or hydrogen hydrolysates.
		Polyols also are noncariogenic; hence FDA authorizes the health claim, "does not promote tooth decay" for erythritol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol or a combination of these in sugar-free foods that don't lower plaque pH below 5.7.
	www.foodproductdesign.com /archive/2004/0504NN.html (953 words)

	Low-Carb Pavilion -- Sugar Alcohols
		Sugar alcohols, or polyols, may be used in place of sugar by most people on a low-carbohydrate diet or who have diabetes.
		Polyols are slowly and incompletely absorbed from the small intestine into the blood.
		A monosaccharide polyol derived from fruits and vegetables (e.g., lettuce, carrots, strawberries) and from plants and fibrous vegetation.
	www.wilstar.com /lowcarb/print-sugaralcohols.htm (890 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Said flexible polyol may comprise a polymer polyol which is a dispersion of a solid polymer in a liquid base polyol.
		The amine content of said rigid polyol (expressed in terms of the percentage of nitrogen in the polyol) is not particularly critical for the purpose of the present invention.
		Polyol A-a diethanol amine/aromatic PO-based polyether polyol with a hydroxyl value of 520 mg KOH/g, a molecular weight of 318, an average nominal functionality of 3.0, an aromatic content of 16% and an amine content (expressed as a nitrogen content) of 3.6%.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/18087.010315&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3941 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A PO-PO/EO-EO polyol is a polyol having first a PO block then a block of randomly distributed PO and EO and then a block of EO.
		The polymer-modified polyols which are particularly interesting in accordance with the invention are products obtained by in situ polymerisation of styrene and/or acrylonitrile in poly (oxyethylene/oxypropylene) polyols and products obtained by in situ reaction between a polyisocyanate and an amino-or hydroxy-functional compound (such as triethanolamine) in a poly (oxyethylene/oxypropylene) polyol.
		Polyol F polyoxyethylene polyol having an equivalent weight of 450, an OH value of 123 and a functionality of 3.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/73362.001207&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3313 words)

	THAI PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		General purpose polyether polyol suitable for flexible slabstock foams.
		Polyether polyol for flexible slabstock foams with improved oxidation resistance.
		Aromatic polyester polyol for flame retardant rigid foams.
	www.tpigroup.co.th /polyol_polyols.asp (155 words)

	Hydro Safe - Product Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Synthetic polyol esters (formed by the reaction of a fatty acid with an alcohol, diol or other polyol) have been regarded as one of the best performing of the biodegradable and fire-resistant hydraulic fluids.
		For synthetic polyol esters, biodegradability ranges up to 90 percent; lubrication is excellent, as is liquidity and aging stability at low and high temperatures.
		Polyol esters feature a high viscosity index (over 150); flash point at 530-550 degrees F; and fire point at 600-615 degrees F. As an anhydrous fire-resistant fluid, synthetic polyol esters have proven ideal for applications such as high-pressure mill equipment operating at pressures above 3000 psi and as high as 5000 psi.
	www.hydrosafe.com /fire_resistant.html (1251 words)

	THAI PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		TPI Polyol Co., Ltd. is recognised as the largest manufacturer of polyurethane-based raw materials in Thailand, following the acquisition of Thai Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd. in 1996.
		TPI Polyol has its manufacturing facility at Rayong, Thailand and produces a wide range of different polyurethane raw materials with applications in sectors as diverse as thermal insulation, bedding and furniture, footwear and flexible packaging.
		TPI Polyol is one of few suppliers in Asia offering the whole range of polyurethane raw materials - polyester and polyether polyols, isocyanates, prepolymers and formulated systems for a variety of polyurethane applications.
	www.tpigroup.co.th /tpipolyol.asp (379 words)

	Patent 6,861,069 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Polyols and polyol mixtures are used on a large scale as additives and carriers inter alia for active pharmaceutical ingredients, chewable and suckable tablets and other products of the drugs industry and as compacts in the food industry.
		The total amount of polyol employed for producing the solid forms or compacts should be chosen such that 10% by weight to 99% by weight, in particular 25% by weight to 98% by weight, of polyol is present in the solid forms or compacts according to the invention.
		The amount of polyol solution added and of hot air blown in is adjusted so that the substance mixture is dried to a water content of about 0.1% by weight to about 1% by weight, where appropriate in a fluidized bed.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2005/Mar2005/030105/6861069_Tabletting030105.htm (2618 words)

	CSZ's Refrigerant Retrofit Guidelines
		Most manufacturers have been warned about the highly hygroscopic nature of polyol esters and that systems and polyol ester cans should be kept closed; they can absorb enough moisture in thirty minutes exposure to the atmosphere that system performance can suffer or acids may form, breaking down internal motor winding insulation.
		Polyol esters are excellent solvents, carrying debris, solder, flux, dirt, and oxidized metal throughout the system affecting valves, compressors, capillary tubes, and filter/dryers.
		Refrigerants are much more soluble in polyol esters than in mineral oils, causing low oil pressure, and the oil is carried by the refrigerant throughout the system in much higher concentration than mineral oils, forcing system manufacturers to take extra precautions to assure efficient oil return, especially from the colder sections of the system.
	www.cszindustrial.com /documents/articles/retrofitguidelines.htm (1297 words)

	Ariel Industries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Besides the Polyol and Isocyanate there are also additives such as catalysts, blowing agents, surfactants, flame retardants, pigments and fillers which are generally contained in the polyol component.
		Polyol leaks or spills should be taken up using a suitable adsorbent material such as sawdust or dry sand and then disposed of safely.
		Since polyols are not readily biodegradable, they should not be permitted to enter the ground water, drainage systems or the soil.
	www.ariel-industries.com.au /index.aspx?link_id=1.22 (908 words)

	Lyondell Chemical Company News - Zero VOC Liquid Acrylic Polyol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A multi-purpose, low VOC acrylic polyol for high solids, high performance coatings, M100 will be supplied as an 80 percent solids solution.
		A140 is a hard acrylic polyol for high performance, high solids and powder coatings.
		Due to their unique compositions and patented manufacturing process, ACRYFLOW polyols do not lose functionality at low molecular weight, have high terminal hydroxyl content, and even distribution of functionality throughout the polymer.
	www.lyondell.com /html/news/news_releases/11_5_01b.shtml (669 words)

	Polyol
		Polyol producers are looking for additives which stabilize the polyether polyol against oxidation during neutralization, storage and transport.
		On the other hand flexible foam manufactures are looking for a high level of scorch resistance since halogenated blowing agents are replaced with other auxiliary blowing agents such as water leading to higher exothermic reactions and therefore to more severe scorch especially in low density foams.
		They are added to protect the polyether polyol from oxidation (hydroperoxide formation) during manufacture, transportation and storage.
	cibasc.com /index/ind-index/ind-pla/.../ind-pla-pol-pol-raw-_polyol.htm (585 words)

	Polyol
		The state-of-the-art stabilization of polyether polyol against oxidation is the use of 300-500 ppm of a hindered phenol.
		The effectiveness of antioxidants in polyols is often assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
		Beside cyclic polyols - widely recognized as a major factor in fogging - amine catalysts, silicone surfactants and BHT antioxidants are also contributors.
	www.cibasc.com /index/ind-index/ind-pla/ind-pla-polymersandpolymerprocessing/ind-pla-pol-polyurethane/ind-pla-pol-pol-raw_materials/ind-pla-pol-pol-raw-_polyol.htm (585 words)

	BioMatNet Item: FAIR-CT95-0837 - Novel Polyol Intermediates Derived from Biosustainable Starch for Polymer Technologies ...
		During the second year of the project new polymers (polyesters, alkyd resins, latices) based on the novel polyols were synthesised, characterised and their properties were evaluated in order to select suitable polyol mixtures for industrial polymer applications.
		The main emphasis of the third year was placed on the reaction technology of the novel polyol synthesis, on optimising the formulation and reaction conditions of the polyester and alkyd synthesis, on the analysis and characterisation of the new polymers and on the exploitation of the novel materials.
		The next objective is to evaluate the polyols obtained in polyesters, alkyds, polyurethanes and acrylic/vinyl lattices for utilisation in a range of industrial end uses.
	www.biomatnet.org /secure/Fair/F334.htm (2582 words)

	Polyurethanes — What Goes Into PUs?
		The functionality of the polyether polyol (number of active hydroxyl groups per molecule) can be varied and is normally 2 for elastomers, approximately 3 for flexible foams and up to 6 or more for rigid foams.
		The polyester polyols are typically produced by the condensation reaction of a diol such as ethylene glycol with a dicarboxylic acid.
		In a pre polymer system, the polyol and isocyanate (either a polyester or a polyether) are reacted to give a pre polymer that may be either a liquid or a waxy solid.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=218 (1625 words)

	Polyol Pathway Hyperactivity Is Closely Related to Carnitine Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy of ...
		Polyol Pathway Hyperactivity Is Closely Related to Carnitine Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy of Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats -- Nakamura et al.
		Polyol Pathway Hyperactivity Is Closely Related to Carnitine Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy of Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats
		McGarry JD and Foster DW (1976) An improved and simplified radioisotopic assay for the determination of free and esterified carnitine.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/287/3/897 (4209 words)

	POLYOL
		Polyol Polyethers are mainly used as a raw material for a wide range of products in the polyurethane industry.
		We are continuously improving the quality and performance of these Polyols as well as developing new grades consistent with the latest foam techniques.
		Non-reactive Polyol specially designed to obtain increases in load bearing over the conventional values obtained with Alcupol F-4811.
	www.montbelle.com /products/products_polyol.html (253 words)

	Low-Viscosity Phthalates for Flexible Packaging Polyurethane Adhesives - Archives - Adhesives & Sealants Industry
		While polyether and polyester polyols may each possess a unique set of benefits for an adhesive system, they are often insoluble in one another, creating barriers to simultaneously exploiting the advantages of both types of polyols.
		General polyol hydrolysis resistance was evaluated by monitoring the acid value (ASTM D 4662) of 2% aqueous mixtures at 95°C as previously reported.4 For the base hydrolysis studies, 30% by weight of aqueous KOH (0.5 N) was mixed into the polyol and the mixtures were placed into a 95°C oven.
		Polyol blends and the prepolymer were heated to 50˚C for 1 hour before being combined by hand-mixing.
	www.adhesivesmag.com /CDA/Archives/2a62d5d2beac8010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____ (3077 words)

	An Overview of the Global Market for Aliphatic Polyester Polyols
		Total global production capacity of these polyester polyols is reported to be in excess of 1.1 million tonnes, accounting for nearly 25% of world's total polyurethane polyol capacity, which is estimated to be 4.8 million tonnes.
		All polyols manufacturers are looking to increase sales volumes and reduce their fixed costs.
		Polyol prices bear little connection to raw material and manufacturing costs, they are dictated by the large foam producers who are in turn under the control of their customers in the furniture, construction, appliance and automotive industries
	www.mindbranch.com /listing/product/R212-051.html (517 words)

	Alliance for the Polyurethanes Industry - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		They may be thermosetting or thermoplastic, rigid and hard or flexible and soft, solid or cellular; and the properties of any of these types may be varied within wide limits to suit the desired application.
		The polyol may be of the polyester or polyether type.
		When the isocyanate is in excess of the amount that will react with the polyol, and when the water is present, the excess isocyanate will react with water to produce carbon dioxide, which expands the mixture.
	www.polyurethane.org /functions/glossary.asp (748 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - Arabidopsis POLYOL TRANSPORTER5, a New Member of the Monosaccharide Transporter-Like Superfamily, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Linear polyols, such as sorbitol or mannitol, are found in high concentrations in the phloem sap of plants from several families, such as Rosaceae, Apiaceae, or Plantaginaceae (Zimmermann and Ziegler, 1975).
		After their synthesis in leaves by sugar phosphate reductases and polyol phosphate phosphatases, linear polyols are loaded into the phloem by polyol-H+ symporters that accumulate their substrates to concentrations of several hundred millimolar (Zimmermann and Ziegler, 1975; Lohaus and Fischer, 2002; G. Lohaus, unpublished data).
		All plant plasma membrane sugar and polyol transporters of the 12 transmembrane helix-type (STPs, PLTs, and SUCs) were shown to be energy-dependent H+-symporters and to be voltage dependent (Williams et al., 2000; Ramsperger-Gleixner et al., 2004).
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=119872 (9153 words)

	Polyol
		Polyol Pigment Dispersions are of two broad types: concentrated dispersions of selected pigments in Polyether polyol; and very liquid low pigment level dispersions in DOP (dioctyl phthalate).
		New pigments are regularly added to the range, and specials are catered for (with a minimum batch size required).
		Polyol Pigment Dispersions are products that find an application in the polyurethane industry.
	www.colourdispersion.com.au /polyol.html (200 words)

	Synthesis of purified, partially esterified polyol polyester fatty acid compositions patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Moreover, the partially esterified polyol polyester compositions produced from these known synthesis techniques typically contain unacceptable levels of impurities, such as solvent, polyol, lower alkyl esters, ash, soap, free fatty acids, and other unwanted reaction byproducts.
		It is another object of the present invention to provide purified, partially esterified polyol polyester compositions with a degree of purity sufficient to be used in a variety of industrial and commercial applications.
		One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the use of a numeric range to indicate the value of a variable is meant to include not just the values bounding the stated range, but also all values and sub-ranges contained therein.
	www.freshpatents.com /Synthesis-of-purified-partially-esterified-polyol-polyester-fatty-acid-compositions-dt20050224ptan20050042356.php (1227 words)

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