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Topic: Polyphaga

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	Beetle - New World Encyclopedia Preview
		Polyphaga, the largest suborder, contains more than 300,000 described species in more than 170 families, including rove beetles (Staphylinidae), scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae), blister beetles (Meloidae), stag beetles (Lucanidae), and true weevils (Curculionidae).
		These beetles can be identified by the cervical sclerites (hardened parts of the head used as points of attachment for muscles) absent in the other suborders.
		Their phylogenetic relationship is uncertain, with the most popular hypothesis being that Polyphaga and Myxophaga are most closely related, with Adephaga an outgroup to those two, and Archostemata an outgroup to the other three.
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /preview/Beetle (2075 words)

	[No title]
		121 RTH 01072650 8/23/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Psephenidae Psephenus Psephenus herricki Psephenus herricki (DeKay) 364 RTH 01072650 8/23/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Nematocera Chironomidae Chironomidae 40 RTH 01072650 8/23/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Nematocera Chironomidae Chironominae Chironominae 81 RTH 01072650 8/23/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Nematocera Chironomidae Chironominae Chironomini Polypedilum Polypedilum sp.
		101 RTH 01072845 8/29/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Elmidae Elmidae 50 RTH 01072845 8/29/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Elmidae Oulimnius Oulimnius latiusculus Oulimnius latiusculus (LeConte) 101 RTH 01072845 8/29/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Elmidae Oulimnius Oulimnius latiusculus Oulimnius latiusculus (LeConte) 101 RTH 01072845 8/29/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Elmidae Promoresia Promoresia sp.
		323 RTH 01089743 8/29/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Elmidae Stenelmis Stenelmis concinna Stenelmis concinna Sanderson 23 RTH 01089743 8/29/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Psephenidae Psephenus Psephenus herricki Psephenus herricki (DeKay) 184 RTH 01089743 8/29/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Nematocera Chironomidae Chironominae Chironominae 23 RTH 01089743 8/29/2000 Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Nematocera Chironomidae Chironominae Chironomini Microtendipes Microtendipes sp.
	nh.water.usgs.gov /projects/nawqa/data/lug_bug.txt (13605 words)

	Coleoptera
		Polyphaga is by far the largest suborder, containing 85% of the known species, including rove beetles, scarabs, stag beetles, metallic wood-boring beetles, click beetles, fireflies, blister beetles, mealworms, ladybirds, leaf beetles, longhorn beetles, and weevils.
		Evidence for the alternative hypothesis, that Polyphaga is the sister group to remaining beetles, is based primarily on characters of wing structure, and on the loss of the cervical sclerites in the three suborders other than Polyphaga (Lawrence and Newton, 1982; Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence, 1993).
		The composition of the clade Coleoptera is not in dispute, with the exception of the twisted-wing parasites, Strepsiptera.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Coleoptera&contgroup=Endopterygota (1446 words)

	Coleoptera : Beutel, Rolf G.
		Beutel, R. 1994 Phylogenetic analysis of Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia) based on characters of the head of adults and larvae.
		1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim).
		Beutel, R. Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie der Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung evolutiver Trends larvaler und imaginaler Kopfstrukturen.
	www.coleoptera.org /p1918.htm (2223 words)

	beetlelady.com: Suborder Phylogenetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Polyphaga is comprised of 16 superfamilies including Scarabaeoidea, Staphylinoidea, Hydrophiloidea, and Curculionoidea.
		Evidence for the relationship of Polyphaga and Myxophaga in this phylogeny is based on a shared reduction in the number of larval leg articles.
		This new phylogeny placed Polyphaga sister to Adephaga with Myxophaga sister to the Polyphaga+Adephaga clade and Archostemata sister to the rest of the suborders (Figure 5).
	www.beetlelady.com /phylogeny.html (1352 words)

	Ameba-associated Microorganisms and Pneumonia \| CDC EID
		To elucidate the role of ameba-associated microorganisms (AAMs) as etiologic agents of pneumonia, we screened for Legionella spp., Parachlamydia acanthamoeba, Afipia sp., Bosea spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Mesorhizobium amorphae, Rasbo bacterium, Azorhizobium caulinodans, Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus, and conventional microorganisms in 210 pneumonia patients in intensive-care units by using culture, polymerase chain reaction, and serologic testing.
		polyphaga mimivirus was the fourth most common etiologic agent, with a higher seroprevalence than noted in healthy controls.
		polyphaga mimivirus (http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/VirusGroups.html), in 26 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia at another ICU (12,13,16).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol12no02/05-0434.htm (3605 words)

	[No title]
		8002656 A 1 1 9315 LIRB0998IQM3317 05572000 A 9/14/1998 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Hydrophilidae Enochrus Enochrus sp.
		8002667 A 1 1 9315 LIRB0998IQM3317 05572000 A 9/14/1998 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Scirtidae Scirtidae 8002708 L 1 1 9313 LIRB0998IRM3316 05572000 A 9/14/1998 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Elmidae Ancyronyx Ancyronyx variegata Ancyronyx variegata (Germar) 8002732 L 10 10 9315 LIRB0998IQM3317 05572000 A 9/14/1998 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Elmidae Dubiraphia Dubiraphia sp.
		8002737 A 1 1 9315 LIRB0998IQM3317 05572000 A 9/14/1998 Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Elmidae Dubiraphia Dubiraphia sp.
	il.water.usgs.gov /annual_report/data/sampdatb/05572000.txt (7449 words)

	Acanthamoeba polyphaga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		To evaluate the interactions, we set up co-cultures in Neffs’ amoebic saline, at a multiplicity of invasion (MOI) of 1:100 of amoeba to bacteria, and a temperature of 37 ºC, although the effects of MOI and temperature were also assessed.
		polyphaga, may be attributable to intracellular survival and replication.
		In conclusion, this study illustrates the significance of protozoa as vehicles augmenting the survival of MRSA and L.
	www.uga.edu /protozoa/secabs/abstr/int/gb7/gb702.html (275 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Interaction between Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosisand environmental protozoa
		polyphaga CCAP 1501/3B during co-culture for 3 h at 25°C. Map cells were observed to be present within the vacuoles of the amoebae by acid-fast staining.
		polyphaga cultures were resuspended by tapping the flasks and the resulting cell suspensions counted using a haemocytometer.
		The respective protozoan cultures were centrifuged at 400 g for 5 min and the pellets re-suspended with the Map-ASS suspensions (10 ml) at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 Map to 1 Acanthamoeba cell and incubated at 25°C for 180 min.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2180/6/63 (3757 words)

	Heterogeneity in the Attachment and Uptake Mechanisms of the Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, ...
		polyphaga microtubules (by colchicine) and microfilament (by cytochalasin D) and inhibition of protein synthesis (by cycloheximide) on invasion by L.
		The percent invasion was determined by dividing the number of intracellular bacteria recovered following the invasion period after killing of extracellular bacteria by the number of intracellular bacteria in untreated samples.
		The number of attached bacteria is represented by the percentage of attached bacteria compared to that of the wild-type, strain AA100, in the presence of an inhibitor of uptake in both amoebae.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/64/1/126 (3982 words)

	Elateriformia (Coleoptera) - Characters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Each cavity is bordered anteriorly and often mesally by the prosternum and laterally and often posteriorly by the pleuron (Adephaga, Myxophaga and Archostemata) or pronotal hypomeron (Polyphaga) and is at least partly lined internally by a thin cuticular cowling formed by the prosternum.
		In many Polyphaga, the pleurotrochantin is entirely concealed beneath the walls of the notum and sternum, which join to form the ventrolateral walls of the prothorax, but in others it may be partly or entirely exposed and is usually referred to as the trochantin.
		Where the cell occurs in Polyphaga, it is formed when vein RA forks at about the middle of the anterior edge of the wing and the two forks meet again enclosing an eyelet-like space between them.
	delta-intkey.com /elateria/www/chars.htm (14887 words)

	Suborder Polyphaga - Water, Rove, Scarab, Longhorn, Leaf and Snout Beetles - BugGuide.Net
		Suborder Polyphaga - Water, Rove, Scarab, Longhorn, Leaf and Snout Beetles
		Water, Rove, Scarab, Longhorn, Leaf and Snout Beetles (Polyphaga) » Water Scavenger and Clown Beetles (Hydrophiloidea)
		Water, Rove, Scarab, Longhorn, Leaf and Snout Beetles (Polyphaga) » Water Scavenger and Clown Beetles (Hydrophiloidea) »; Clown Beetles (Histeridae)
	bugguide.net /node/view/40606/bgimage (201 words)

	Folia Parasitologica - Content of volumes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		polyphaga, CCAP 1501/3c and ATCC 30871, using morphological, biochemical, physiological, molecular and cytotoxicity assays.
		polyphaga CCAP 1501/3c exhibited a maximum of 5 arms thus indicating their position in group 2 and 3, respectively.
		Acanthamoeba polyphaga ATCC 30871 exhibited growth at 37°C and growth on 1M mannitol plates while A.
	www.paru.cas.cz /folia/content.php?volume=7&content=310 (236 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Acanthamoeba polyphaga - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Acanthamoeba polyphaga: Type of or association with medical condition Acanthamoeba.
		Acanthamoeba polyphaga: Acanthamoeba polyphaga is listed as a type of (or associated with) the following medical conditions in our database: Acanthamoeba
		Acanthamoeba are microscopic ameba commonly found in the environment.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/acanthamoeba_polyphaga.htm (291 words)

	Infection of Acanthamoeba polyphaga with Simkania negevensis and S. negevensis Survival within Amoebal Cysts -- Kahane ...
		polyphaga was grown in 5 ml of PYG in a supine 25-cm
		polyphaga amoebae were infected at an MOI of 1 with purified S.
		polyphaga and of the amoebae themselves in the same cultures.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/10/4789 (2906 words)

	E-Fauna BC Beetles
		There are at least six times as many beetles as vertebrate species and 90 times more than the number of mammals.
		Perhaps the single most important factor in the success of the Coleoptera is the development of the elytra, which protect the folded hind wings, permitting the occupation of enclosed spaces and hidden habitats by adults.
		Carnivorous beetles are common, and include almost all Adephaga and Polyphaga such as the Hydrophildae (larvae), Histeridae, Staphylinidae, Elateridae, Lampyridae, Cantharidae, Cleridae and Coccinellidae.
	www.geog.ubc.ca /biodiversity/efauna/beetles.html (1161 words)

	Effects of magainins on ameba and cyst stages of Acanthamoeba polyphaga. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Effects of magainins on ameba and cyst stages of Acanthamoeba polyphaga.
		Problems associated with the infection are compounded by the lack of effective and well-tolerated chemotherapeutic agents.
		The magainins, a group of naturally occurring and synthetic membrane-active peptide compounds, have been shown to be active in vitro against a clinical isolate of Acanthamoeba polyphaga.
	www.galenicom.com /?ac=viewArticleMXPrint&idpm=1416825 (168 words)

	Coleoptera : Artematopodidae
		Polyphaga Artematopodidae Artematopodinae Artematopodini Artematopus caniceps Kirsch, 1866 Bogota, Columbia
		Polyphaga Artematopodidae Artematopodinae Artematopodini Artematopus conicollis Kirsch, 1889 Bogota, Columbia
		Polyphaga Artematopodidae Artematopodinae Artematopodini Artematopus gracilipes Kirsch, 1866 Bogota, Columbia
	www.coleoptera.org /p1532.htm (293 words)

	Crescent Bodies of Parachlamydia acanthamoeba and Its Life Cycle within Acanthamoeba polyphaga: an Electron Micrograph ...
		OR of having crescent bodies inside (A) and outside (B) polyphaga and of the presence of reticulate bodies undergoing binary fission (C).
		polyphaga cyst (A) and infected amoeba in the process of being encysted (B).
		GREUB, G., SCOLA, B. Parachlamydia acanthamoeba Is Endosymbiotic or Lytic for Acanthamoeba polyphaga Depending on the Incubation Temperature.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/6/3076 (3126 words)

	M009: SURVIVAL AND MULTIPLICATION OF BURKHOLDERIA (PSEUDOMONAS) CEPACIA WITHIN THE FREE-LIVING AMOEBA ACANTHAMOEBA ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Legionella pneumophila is known to parasitize free-living amoebae and inhalation of infected protozoa is considered an important route of transmission for this organism.
		Experiments in which sequential samples from co-cultures were Iysed by ultrasonication and plated on to nutrient agar demonstrated that the B. cepacia strains multiplied within A. polyphaga.
		These findings suggest that free-living amoebae may be important in the ecology of, B. cepacia in the environment and may have important implications for the transmission of infections to cystic fibrosis patients.
	www.ecfsoc.org /brussels/microbiol/m00995.html (268 words)

	American Beetles: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga : Staphyliniformia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Prepared as a replacement for the out-of-print classic The Beetles of the United States, this guide for professional and amateur coleopterists, entomologists, and naturalists is being printed in two volumes.
		The remainder of the Polyphaga and the keys to families will appear in Volume 2.
		It is intended as a tool for the identification of adult beetles to family and genus with the aid of many b&w illustrations, keys, descriptions, and references to sources.
	www.booksmatter.com /b0849319250.htm (122 words)

	Development of Colorimetric Microtiter Plate Assay for Assessment of Antimicrobials against Acanthamoeba -- McBride et ...
		polyphaga (b) cultures in 100 µl (closed squares) and 200 µl (closed circles) of medium over 6 h.
		polyphaga (b) cultured in 100 µl of medium for 96 h (open squares), 72 h (closed squares), 48 h (open circles), and 24 h (closed circles) prior to the addition of alamarBlue.
		polyphaga); and (c) eldefosine (IC s were between 250 and 500 µM for A.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/43/2/629 (3410 words)

	ExactAntigen acanthamoeba polyphaga
		(2004) Analysis of Acanthamoeba polyphaga surface carbohydrate exposure by FITC-lectin binding and fluorescence evaluation J Appl Microbiol 97:1319-25.
		(2003) Interactions between Salmonella typhimurium and Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and observation of a new mode of intracellular growth within contractile vacuoles Microb Ecol 46:358-69.
		(2003) Parachlamydia acanthamoeba is endosymbiotic or lytic for Acanthamoeba polyphaga depending on the incubation temperature Ann N Y Acad Sci 990:628-34.
	www.exactantigen.com /taxonomy/others/a/acanthamoeba-polyphaga.html (212 words)

	Coleoptera
		The two major suborders in Michigan are Adephaga and Polyphaga.
		The former have larvae with 5 tarsal segments, and generally 2 moveable tarsal claws per leg.
		Polyphaga larvae have tarsi with 4 segments, 1 tarsal claw per leg fused to the tarsi.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~mjwiley/www516/lab_notes_for_coleoptera.html (628 words)

	Coleoptera:Fossil Groups: SciComms 05-06: Earth Sciences
		Polyphaga is by far the largest and most diverse suborder, containing over 300,000 described species, or approximately 85% of the beetle species so far discovered.
		The beetles included in Polyphaga can be identified by the cervical sclerites (hardened parts of the head used as points of attachment for muscles) absent in the other suborders.
		Aquatic lineages have evolved several times within Polyphaga, with the largest aquatic groups being found within Hydrophilidea and Byrrhoidea.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/coleop1/mod.html (555 words)

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