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Topic: Polypteriformes

Elopiformes

Albuliformes

Actinopterygii

Gadiformes

Acipenseriformes

Beloniformes

Eucla Cod

Amiiformes

Semionotiformes

Acanthodii

Yellow perch

Actinopteri

	Air Breathing Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Polypteriformes, lungfish, and tetrapods are characterised by the existence of lungs; in all other bony fish the swimbladder is ancestral.
		Perry et al.(2001) defines lungs as "paired ventral derivatives of the pharynx posterior to the gills." The unpaired swimbladder in gar fish (Ginglymodi), bowfin (Halecomporphi), and basal teleosts is dorsal and evolved from the posterior pharynx.
		The authors of "Which came first, the lung or the breath?" (Perry et al., 2001) demonstrate that extreme variation exists even though air ventilatory mechanisms in the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) and Polypteriformes are similar among different groups, and are markedly different from those of lungfish and tetrapods.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /people/midorcas/animalphysiology/websites/2004/Kornilev/Evolution.htm (471 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 90.200 Teleostomi: Osteichthyes
		Note: Lund (2000) believes that the guildayichthyiforms were specialized to have strong medial bones concentrating the force of the bite in the small antorbital jaw and permitting high maneuverability in "geometrically complex environments." The sister group relationship with the polypteriforms is very strong and stable.
		Note: The polypteriforms anchor the crown group Actinopterygii at what is believed to be a very early stage in actinopterygian evolution, and a wide phylogenetic gap lies between the polypteriforms and the next living group (the Chondrostei).
		Under these circumstances it is not clear that the proposed synapomorphies for the crown group Actinopterygii have a great deal of credibility.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/090Teleostomi/090.200.html (1576 words)

	ABL - Hearing in Primitive Fish
		The first primitive genus we are using is the sturgeon, Acipenser.
		Sturgeon belong to the order Acipenseriformes which together with the Polypteriformes (bichir and reedfishes) form the group “lower Actinopterygian fishes”.
		It is assumed that the Acipenseriformes separated from the “advanced fishes” in the Triassic, about 200 million years ago.
	www.life.umd.edu /biology/popperlab/research/primitive.htm (565 words)

	American Zoologist: rise of fish embryology in the nineteenth century, The
		The surviving cladistians are represented by two genera, Polypterus and Calamoichthys, which are in the order Polypteriformes.
		In some classifications, e.g., Nelson (1994), the Polypteriformes are placed in the subclass Chondrostei together with the sturgeons.
		Both Polypterus, the sturgeons and paddlefish are considered to be part of the lineage that led to the teleosts (Nelson, 1994).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_199706/ai_n8777217/pg_11 (1257 words)

	bichir -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Bichirs and the eellike reedfish, Calamoichthys (sometimes called Erpetoichthys calabaricus), are of the family Polypteridae, order Polypteriformes.
		Bichirs and the eellike reedfish, Calamoichthys (sometimes called Erpetoichthyscalabaricus), are of the family Polypteridae, order Polypteriformes.
		Like the sturgeons and paddlefishes, they are thought to be members of the superorder Chondrostei, although some authorities question this.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9079106?tocId=9079106 (293 words)

	Untitled
		A major diagnostic feature of Polypteriformes is the possession of special 'palaeoniscid' ganoid scales which consist of the three superimposed layers (basal bony plate, dentine and ganoine), but are characterised by a typical plywood-like structure (between dentine and basal plate), unique in this group.
		Both fossil and recent Polypteriformes were originally considered to be endemic to Africa, their oldest records being from the Cenomanian of Egypt, Sudan, and Morocco.
		Pollia, however, cannot be integrated into this family, due to the characteristic histology of its scales (with the specific plywood-like structure) and the lack of true pinnulae.
	www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de /~dc8/samc/News8.html (16059 words)

	Erpetoichthys calabaricus
		ADW: Erpetoichthys calabaricus: Classification: Polypteriformes Family Polypteridae Species Erpetoichthys calabaricus.
		Ordnung, Polypteriformes, Herkunft, Afrika, vom Ogun River in Nigeria...
		Birchirs (Polypteriformes) - MavicaNET: Select site, Erpetoichthys calabaricus (Rope Fish): Narrative - English URL: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/erpetoichthys/e._calabaricus$narr.
	www.specieslist.com /fish_species/F/Erpetoichthys_calabaricus.shtml (1375 words)

	MavicaNET - Birchirs (Polypteriformes)
		Katalógus / Természet / Élet / Animals (Animalia) / Fishes (Pisces) / Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) / Birchirs (Polypteriformes)
		Katalógus / Természet / Élet / Animals (Animalia) / Fishes (Pisces) / Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) / Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii): taxonomy / Birchirs (Polypteriformes)
		Rhombic ganoid scales; spiracular, opening large but canal lost; dorsal fin consisting of 5-18 finlets, each with a single spine to which is attached one or more soft rays; pectoral fin rays supported by numerous ossified radials which attach to a cartilaginous plate and two rods.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/hun/21617.html?sortby=8 (288 words)

	Polypterus retropinnis
		MavicaNET - ÐÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐ¾Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½ÑÐµ (Polypteriformes): MavicaNET - ÐÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ?Ð·ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÐÐ¾Ð¸Ñ?ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑÐ¹ ÐÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¾Ð³ Ð¡ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ?ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°: Ñ?Ñ?ÑÐ»Ð¾Ðº: 366087, ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð¹: 30587...
		FlÃ¶sselhechte (Polypteriformes) - MavicaNET: Mehrsprachiger Suchkatalog MavicaNET - Mehrsprachiger Suchkatalog.
		List of Species Treated in Reference and Used in FishBase: Polypterus palmas palmas Ayres, 1850, Polypterus retropinnis lowei (p.
	www.specieslist.com /fish_species/P/Polypterus_retropinnis.shtml (759 words)

	FishBase Glossary Searched Term (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Fishes of the Family Polypteridae, Order Polypteriformes (bichirs).
		See FishBase for more information on this Family.
		Poissons de la famille des Polypteridae, ordre des Polypteriformes.
	www.fishbase.org /larvalbase/Glossary/Glossary.cfm?TermEnglish=bichirs (41 words)

	fishtaxonomy
		Hyostylic jaw suspension: second branchial arch (hyomandibular) modified to attach the jaw to the cranium
		Polypteriformes - the African Reedfishes and Bichirs (Polypterus)
		Nile river - move to floodplain (fresh water)
	www.naturalsci.gardner-webb.edu /Faculty/lbrown/fishtaxonomy.htm (189 words)

	Ronquil . Actinopterygii . Greek language . Bering Sea . List of fish common names . List of fish families (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		List of fish common names List of fish families
		Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes bichirs Order Acipenseriformes sturgeons, paddlefish Order Semionotiformes gars Order Amiiformes bowfins Teleostei Osteoglossomorpha Order Osteoglossiformes bony tongues, etc Order...
		Sidney Allen, Vox Graeca - a guide to the pronunciation of classical Greek.
	www.uk.fraquisanto.net /Ronquil (587 words)

Bichir : Polypteriformes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)

It uses material from the wikipedia article Bichir : Polypteriformes.

www.eurofreehost.com /po/Polypteriformes.html (105 words)

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