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	Encyclopedia: Polyrhythm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A nested polyrhythm is a polyrhythmic set formed of more than one polyrhythmic subset which are proportional to one another in a different ratio.
		The nested polyrhythm is extended from a two subset system to three subsets, the last subset being an octave extension of the first in that 6:12, 8:16, and 9:18 are all in a 1:2 ratio.
		This new polyrhythm is analogous to the dominant set, and is treated as a dominant harmonic area throughout the piece.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Polyrhythm (1381 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Polyrhythm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Polyrhythm is the simultaneous sounding of two or more independent rhythm (The basic rhythmic unit in a piece of music) s.
		Other simple polyrhythms are 3:4, 4:3, 5:4, 7:4, etc. Another form of polyrhythm, which might also be termed polymeter (additional info and facts about polymeter), would be phrasing to suggest a different meter than the one being played by the rest of the ensemble.
		A common example of this in jazz (A genre of popular music that originated in New Orleans around 1900 and developed through increasingly complex styles) would be phrasing quarter notes in groupings of 3 to suggest 3/4 time while the ensemble plays in 4/4.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/polyrhythm.htm (581 words)

	[No title]
		The concept of polyrhythms is an often misunderstood topic.
		Polyrhythms are found in just about all types of music.
		First we'll begin with a discussion of what a polyrhythm is. A simple definition of a polyrhythm is two or more rhythms played simultaneously.
	f.unkster.tripod.com /polyrhythm.html (1374 words)

	The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus - Polyrhythm and polymetre in modern jazz
		The polyrhythmic occurrences can be divided into three groups: 1) polyrhythmic occurrences which can be notated, 2) polyrhythmic occurrences which can be notated to a certain extent (where the counter pulse can be notated, but where part of the rhythm cannot be notated meaningfully) and 3) polyrhythmic occurrences which cannot be notated.
		The factors which influence how strongly we perceive a polyrhythmic occurrence are 1) the counter pulse's general rhythmical character, 2) the counter pulse's recognizability, 3) the distribution of the counter pulse and basic pulse internally in the orchestra, 4) the duration of the polyrhythmical situation, 5) the inherent ambivalence of the basic groove.
		A polyrhythmic phrase has a tendency to move "out" harmonically, just as the collective effect of a phrase, which is "out" both rhythmically and harmonically/melodically, in many cases is stronger than the individual effects.
	www.musik-kons.dk /webshop/pvbogeng.php (1314 words)

	The Polyrhythmicon Home Page: Selected Works
		The dissonant polyrhythm was created by identifying a highly characteristic area of the transformational space between the two nested polyrhythms.
		The nested polyrhythm is juxtaposed with a transformational spectrographic rhythmic structure.
		Polyrhythmic stone textures containing as many as 32 independent transforming tempi are hierarchically ordered by phase relationships to create slowly evolving polyrhythmic systems.
	www-ccrma.stanford.edu /~mburtner/polyrhythmicon3.html (2867 words)

	New Fractal Tunes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Polyrhythms are particularly characterstic of African music, with the performers each playing one of the rhythms, making a complex resultant rhythm that would be very hard for a single performer to play.
		You can still make polyrhythms with little irregularities at the end of the cycle, as I've made an option to change the number of ticks per beat away from the default for the polyrhythm.
		This next one is a polyrhythm fractal tune proper, rather than a polyrhythm custom voice playing the notes of the fractal tune, which one can do already.
	tunesmithy.netfirms.com /tunes/new_fractal_tunes.htm (1211 words)

	Bloomsbury.com - Research centre
		Polyrhythm (Greek, 'many rhythms') is the simultaneous use of contrasting rhythmic characteristics by two or more instruments or voices.
		There is some disagreement between the terminologies used for the discussion of rhythm in Western art music and those used to discuss the rhythmic, often percussive music of other cultures, such as African drumming; debate centres on the precise meanings of 'rhythm', 'metre', and 'pulse' or 'beat'.
		But in performance, the effect of polyrhythm is easily perceived and is exhilarating and stimulating, the brain simultaneously reacting to the 'reassurance' of a perceived, regular rhythm, and to the 'surprise' of rhythmic variants or contrasts being performed at the same instant.
	www.bloomsburymagazine.com /ARC/detail.asp?EntryID=102692&bid=2 (155 words)

	LESSON 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Polyrhythms are two or more rhythms occurring simultaneously and are often used effectively in both improvisation and composition.
		A knowledge of polyrhythms can be of great benefit in both expanding your vocabulary and to improve your time.
		To do this I will show how to derive a polyrhythm of 3 over 2; a polyrhythm with which many of us would be familiar; if you can play 1/4 note triplets over 1/4 notes, you know how this polyrhythm should sound.
	members.optusnet.com.au /ryto/LESSON3.html (376 words)

	\|\|\|\|\| ESCOT \|\|\|\|\|
		The ratio of the mystery polyrhythm is 3:4.
		I them took into account the number of beats for each polyrhythm and noticed it took 12 beats in order for the beats to be simultaneous, or 3 sets of the 4 original beats.
		The result was a polyrhythm that has a phrase length of 15 and a ratio of 3:5.
	www.escot.org /resources/problems/polyrhythms.html (729 words)

	jaced.com » Blog Archive » Polyrhythms
		First: To qualify as a polyrhythm, the contributing rhythms should be chosen such that the numbers denoting their rhythmic relation, are relatively prime to each other.
		In English: A polyrhythm is comprised of two or more independent patterns in which their subdivisions have no prime mathematical relation to the subdivisions of their accompanying rhythms.
		Now some complicated examples: This example is clearly a polyrhythm: the top line has a rhythm based on a group of 4 notes, the bottom line has a rhythm based on a group of 3 notes.
	www.jaced.com /blog?p=224 (786 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. Polyrhythms
		Polyrhythm impels the listener to explore a complex space of beats, to follow any of a number of fluid, warping, and shifting lines of flight, to submit to what the hip hop act ATribe Called Quest calls "The rhythmic instinction to yield to travel beyond existing forces of life."
		Polyrhythmic music provides a primary and unusually intuitive avenue, not just to conceptualize, but to draw these heterogeneous spaces, chaotic passages and communicating milieus into our bodyminds as we weave ourselves into the polyrhythmic ensemble's fibrillating tapestry of molecular beats and criss-crossed percussive patterns.
		Listening and dancing to polyrhythm, we thus tacticly participate in the phenomenon of emergence, as fluid lines arise from the complex and chaotic interaction (or "communication") of numerous smaller and simpler repetitions and individual beats.
	fusionanomaly.net /polyrhythms.html (839 words)

	Notablog: Musical "Purists" and "Impurities" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Polyrhythm might more accurately be called "polymeter", since it's made by playing more than one meter at a time.
		Polyrhythm makes your brain work overtime by demanding more attention than the simple meters found in most music, where sixteenth notes fit evenly into eights, eighths into quarters, quarters into halves, everything nicely aligned.
		In classical music, polyrhythm often is employed ornamentally as a sort of rhythmic bump in the road.
	www.nyu.edu /projects/sciabarra/notablog/archives/000432.html (2242 words)

	[No title]
		Polyrhythm and Micropolyphony in Ligeti's Music [4.1] Although complex polyrhythms have appeared in Ligeti's music ever since he came to the West--nearly every score abounds in simultaneous layers of triplets, sixteenth notes, quintuplets, and so on--the difference between the earlier pieces and the etudes lies in a different concept of pulse.
		Since the melody is accented in fives, while the ostinato is arpeggiated in fours, a five-against-four polyrhythm results.
		The aural result, though, is not a polyrhythm, but rather two separate entities juxtaposed: a background ostinato and a foreground, falling lament which sounds subtly "off," not unlike a rubato performance of a Chopin nocturne.
	www.societymusictheory.org:16080 /mto/issues/mto.97.3.3/mto.97.3.3.taylor.art (4737 words)

	African Dance Drumming Tradition
		Polyrhythm is a general and non-specific term for the simultaneous occurrence of two or more conflicting rhythms, of which, the term cross-rhythm is a specific and definable subset.
		Cross-rhythm should be properly reserved to define rhythmic/metric contradiction which is regular and systematic and which occurs in the longer span: that is, systematic rhythmic/metric contradiction that significantly disrupts the prevailing meter or accent pattern of the music.
		In Anlo-Ewe cultural understanding, polyrhythm is a highly developed systematic interplay of varying rhythmic motions simulating the dynamics of contrasting moments or emotional stress phenomena likely to occur in actual human existence.
	www.cnmat.berkeley.edu /~ladzekpo/Kusum/Polythythm.htm (218 words)

	Most recent uploads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Polyrhythm Metronome help page (on-line copy) to find out more about how it works and how you use it.
		As they didn't have the compass, they navigated using the stars, the patterns of the waves, the direction of the wind, and other natural signs.
		As for the African style complex polyrhythm, it is inspired by recordings I've heard of African polyrhythms, but probably not in the least African sounding if you are immeresed in the traditions; but never mind...
	www.robertinventor.com /polyrh.htm (353 words)

	Bass Player magazine - Acoustic and electric bass guitar tabs, chords and lessons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Polyrhythm is the simultaneous occurrence of sharply contrasting rhythms within a composition.
		To get the most out of a polyrhythm it helps to play with a drummer, a drum machine, or at the very least, a metronome—something that can keep consistent time while you play a contrasting rhythm.
		There are tons of other polyrhythms out there to push you even further into the rhythmic stratosphere, so be sure to keep your ears wide open.
	www.bassplayer.com /story.asp?sectioncode=15&storycode=4807 (807 words)

	Polyrhythm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Some basic definitions and examples of polyrhythm for drumset, in standard musical notation.
		The simplest example of polyrhythm is 2 against 3, where one hand or one drum is playing two evenly spaced notes in the same time it takes for the other to play three evenly spaced notes.
		In the context of bata drumming, polyrhythm means most of the toques may be written in 12/8 meter but have some drum parts that emphasize a 2, 4, or 8 feel while others simultaneously emphasize a 3, 6, or 12 feel.
	www.batadrums.com /understanding_rhythms/polyrhythm.htm (401 words)

	Salsa & Merengue Society – A History of Salsa: An African Movement
		Each part of the polyrhythm can be complex, and drummers play in a highly syncopated environment, so it's easy for them to lose their place.
		The large number of African deities required a large number of polyrhythms; which could be easily achieved by varying the parts of just a few drummers.
		n an example of polyrhythmic change in salsa, a chachacha can be changed to a pachanga simply by altering the pattern on the congas from “tumbao moderno” [modern rhythm] to “a caballo” [horse gallop].
	www.salsa-merengue.co.uk /revealit/histsal/part3.html (638 words)

	Math Forum: Teacher Support - ESCOT May 21, 2001
		Polyrhythm is no longer the current ESCOT Problem of the Week.
		In the Polyrhythm problem students will be investigating polyrhythms, and then have a chance to build their own to investigate the mathematics.
		Ask students to orchestrate the polyrhythms that they created in the problem.
	mathforum.org /escot/polyrhythm.html (330 words)

	polyrhythm - Musician Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Generally, a polyrhythm is the superposition of different rhythms or metres.
		Generally, for it to be considered a polyrhythm, the different rhythms would not normally fit together (ie.
		For example, playing the bass drum on 1 and 3 against 8ths on the hi-hat is not considered a polyrhythm.
	www.musicianforums.com /forums/showthread.php?t=4693 (439 words)

	Tomás Howie Drumming Web - Monthly Drum Lessons - #13: Polyrhythms #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		When talking about Polyrhythms, two different concepts are generally discussed as both being definitions of the term "Polyrhythm." The first concept is the notion of playing in odd time signatures, like 5/4, 11/8, 17/16.
		In fact, most advanced drumset rhythms have the potential of being Polyrhythmic, as long as each rhythm is clearly defined and repeats itself after a regular duration.
		This is the Polyrhythm: a three-note pattern in a "measure" of seven against a two-note pattern in a "measure" of five, played concurrently.
	www.drummingweb.com /lessons/lesson13.htm (1170 words)

	What this is about
		Create polyrhythms by taking the groupings and play every other note, every third note, etc. to create the new polyrhythm.
		With the polyrhythms I chose to clearly define the underlying pulse rather than using the notation of spanning the rhythm across beats.
		At some point I will show the shorthand on writing the polyrhythms and the concept of using the new rhythm as a base to expand from.
	www.izap.com /~pinnacle/rhythms/about.html (807 words)

	[No title]
		In order to write out a different polyrhythm, for example, two against five, we will need to find a number that is divisible by both 2 and 5.
		For each of the given polyrhythms, write the smallest number of beats that can be used to write out the rhythm.
		A true polyrhythm of the form m against n occurs when neither n nor m divides the other.
	www.sju.edu /~rhall/Multi/polyrhythms.html (583 words)

	Glossary: Polyrhythm \| Sweetwater.com
		Long identified with ancient origins in African music, polyrhythms are common in twentieth-century music, from minimalist compositions to progressive rock and jazz.
		In other words, a drum solo that's filled with lots of varying note values isn't necessarily polyrhythmic unless those note values are being played at the same time.
		The most common polyrhythm is the juxtaposition of triplets against quarter or eighth notes.
	www.sweetwater.com /expert-center/glossary/t--Polyrhythm (201 words)

	African Polyphony and Polyrhythm - Cambridge University Press
		Considering in particular the harp, sanza, xylophone and percussion music of Central Africa, Simha Arom develops a rigorous method for the analysis of the music and for the recording and deciphering of the many strands of polyphony and polyrhythm.
		Through a systematic breakdown of the many layers of apparently improvised rhythm he reveals the essential structure which underlies this rich and complex music.
		The association of polyphony and polyrhythmics; Conclusion; Bibliography; Discography; Index.
	www.cambridge.org /aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521616018 (253 words)

	Salsa & Merengue Society – Salsa Level Two The Percussionist Dancer: Extras
		If you happen to be dancing to the tumbao moderno or a song containing it, then two simultaneous contrasting rhythms are being used and you've established a polyrhythm.
		And if you were to clap your hands on the pulse as well, then you would have a three-layer polyrhythm as represented in Figure 3 (below).
		Polyrhythms are the theme and the vehicle by which you will learn to dance to individual instrument layers in Phase II soon to follow.
	www.salsa-merengue.co.uk /VidTutor/salsatwo/pulse/extr_pulse.html (519 words)

	iBreatheMusic Forums - polyrhythm
		I've been looking for good info on polyrhythms for ages and, as far as I know, there are none.
		I studied polyrhythms with Bret Willmott at Berklee and I know that he was working on such a book - but I don't think he's finished it yet.
		I think a certain theoretical knowledge is necessary to even realise when ya come across a polyrhythm and to be able to take it apart, practice it and to add it to your playing.
	www.ibreathemusic.com /forums/showthread.php?t=16 (823 words)

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