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Topic: Polyuria

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	Polydipsia and Polyuria in Cats - PetPlace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Polyuria is present if the cat’s daily urine output is greater than 20 milliliters per pound of body weight per day.
		The occurrence of polyuria and polydipsia usually does not constitute an emergency, but several potentially serious diseases (such as diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, liver failure or high blood calcium caused by a malignancy) may be the underlying cause of the symptoms.
		Polyuria and polydipsia cannot be prevented, and successful treatment depends on identification of the underlying disease causing these symptoms.
	www.petplace.com /cats/polydipsia-and-polyuria-in-cats/page1.aspx (661 words)

	Polyuria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Polyuria is a persistent, large increase in urine output, usually associated with nocturia.
		Polyuria is the result of an excessive (hysterical) intake of water, an increased excretion of solute (as in hyperglycaemia and glycosuria), or a defective renal concentrating ability or failure of production of ADH.
		Polyuria is a highly subjective symptom and one which presents rather less often than urinary frequency.
	www.total-health-care.com /illness/polyuria.htm (221 words)

	The ins and outs of polyuria and polydipsia - DVM
		Polyuria is defined as the formation and elimination of large quantities of urine.
		Pharmacologic polyuria Pharmacologic polyuria may occur: 1) following ingestion of sufficient quantities of salt to increase thirst, 2) following administration of diuretic agents, 3) following administration of glucocorticoids, especially in dogs, 4) following parenteral administration of fluids, 5) following administration of phenytoin (ADH inhibition), and 6) following administration of synthetic thyroid hormone supplements.
		Pathologic polyuria On the basis of different pathophysiologic mechanisms, polyuria may be classified as water diuresis or solute diuresis.
	www.dvmnewsmagazine.com /dvm/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=59966 (760 words)

	VetMedCenter - Consumer - Article Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The causes of polyuria and polydipsia generally are related because the body tries to maintain a normal fluid volume.
		Polyuria and polydipsia are diagnosed through a good medical history and physical examination.
		Polyuria and polydipsia themselves rarely cause serious problems for the pet, if free access to water is provided and the animal is willing and able to drink.
	consumer.vetmedcenter.com /consumer/display.asp?fn=P-MR-M-En_5-PUPDso1XX.xml&dt=5 (671 words)

	Challenging consults: application of principles of physiology and biochemistry to the bedside. Osmotic diuresis: the ...
		Polyuria is usually the result of a water diuresis or an osmotic diuresis.
		Hence, we postulated a water diuresis to be the cause of the polyuria.
		Illustration of the utility of a quantitative approach to polyuria is the focus of the discussion.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1996/apr/M9640779.html (500 words)

	Sect. 7, Ch. 8: Primary Polydipsia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The hallmark of this disease, is plasma hypo-osmolarity in the presence of polyuria and the ability to form a maximally concentrated urine when deprived of water or when ADH is administered.
		As noted above in central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus the polyuria precedes and is the cause of the polydipsia.
		In the case of psychogenic diabetes insipidus the polydipsia precedes and is the cause of the polyuria.
	www.lib.mcg.edu /edu/eshuphysio/program/section7/7ch08/7ch08p43.htm (78 words)

	Cecil Textbook of Medicine : />
		The sudden appearance of hypotonic polyuria after transcranial surgery in the area of the hypothalamus or after head trauma with basal skull fracture and hypothalamic damage obviously suggests the diagnosis of hypothalamic diabetes insipidus.
		Most patients do not report polyuria until urine volume exceeds 4 L/day, and, as illustrated in Figure 238-2, urine volume does not exceed 4 L/day until the ability to concentrate the urine is severely limited and plasma vasopressin is nearly absent.
		Polyuria, however, may become manifest in patients who have limited vasopressin reserve because of either a decreased ability to secrete vasopressin (partial hypothalamic diabetes insipidus) or to respond to vasopressin action (compensated nephrogenic diabetes insipidus).
	www.merckmedicus.com /ppdocs/us/common/cecils/chapters/238_007.htm (1421 words)

	NDI Article: 173 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1979 he developed severe polyuria and was diagnosed to have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus after a water deprivation test.
		Lithium treatment was discontinued but despite persistent polyuria and polydipsia he was discharged from follow-up by the physicians, although he continued to receive psychiatric care with chlorpromazine therapy.
		The patient was discharged on chlorpromazine 25 mg tid and advice on fluid intake but as polyuria persisted (24 hour urine volume 6,800 ml) he was commenced on indomethacin 25 mg tid with a fall in urine output (24 hour urine volume 3,800 ml) and subjective symptomatic improvement.
	www.ndif.org /Article/jar-173.html (1283 words)

	PetPlace.com - Article: Polydipsia and Polyuria in Dogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		One of the first steps in the evaluation of a dog with polyuria and polydipsia is to determine the urine concentration by a test called “urine specific gravity.” The specific gravity of pure water is 1.000.
		Polyuria is present if the dog’s daily urine output is greater than 20 milliliters per pound of body weight per day.
		Polyuria and polydipsia usually do not constitute an emergency (hypercalcemia is an exception), but occasionally these symptoms arise from serious diseases that require prompt attention (e.g.
	www.petplace.com /Articles/artPrinterFriendly.asp?all=1&conID=14825 (1723 words)

	Diabetes Insipidus
		Hypotonic polyuria resulting from renal insensitivity to antidiuretic effect of AVP (defect in collecting tubules or medulla), characterized by normal GFR and solute excretion, persistently hypotonic urine, normal or high levels of AVP, failure of exogenous AVP to raise Uosm or reduce urine volume.
		Polyuria per se results in a reduction in maximum urinary concentrating capacity (reduces maximum Uosm achieved on AVP administration) due to "wash out" of the medullary concentration gradient.
		Gestational DI Polyuria does not respond to exogenous AVP but does respond to desmopressin (DDAVP) which is less susceptible to degradation by vasopressinase.
	www.endocrinology.med.ucla.edu /diabetes_insipidus.htm (3914 words)

	CIN'2003. Halperin et al. "Is this polyuria?" ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Polyuria is said to be present in adults on a typical Western diet when the urine volume is too large—typically > 3 L/day (Table 1).
		The additional clinical information confirms that this is polyuria because she drinks excessive volumes of bottled water, she runs several miles per day in a hot environment and she sweats profusely.
		Concluding remarks: We prefer to use a physiology-based definition of polyuria (17) because it highlights the failure to excrete water rapidly enough despite a urine volume of 5 L/day.
	www.uninet.edu /cin2003/conf/halperin/charest.html (1513 words)

	American Psychiatric Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Side effects that appear to be related to peak serum levels (e.g., tremor that peaks within 1 to 2 hours of a dose) may be reduced or eliminated by using a slow-release preparation or changing to a single bedtime dose.
		Although the polyuria associated with early lithium treatment may resolve, persistent polyuria (ranging from mild and well tolerated to severe nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) may occur.
		If the polyuria persists, management includes ensuring that fluid intake is adequate and that the lithium dose is as low as possible.
	www.psych.org /psych_pract/treatg/pg/bipolar_revisebook_5.cfm (13744 words)

	Sarcoidosis as a Cause of Diabetes Insipidus
		In patients with sarcoidosis who are exhibiting symptoms of DI, such as polyuria, it is important to know which form of DI is present because, although extremely rare, sarcoidosis can cause both nephrogenic DI and central DI.
		There may be other causes of polyuria in sarcoidosis, such as hypercalcemia (increased calcium in the blood) caused by increased calcitrol made by the granulomas, which results in nephrogenic DI (NDI).
		In a patient with sarcoidosis and polyuria, usually the patient has sarcoidosis documented by biopsy elsewhere and the involvement of the pituitary gland is surmised to be related to the sarcoidosis.
	www.diabetesinsipidus.org /4di_sarcoid_cause_of_di.htm (702 words)

	Symptom: Polyuria - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Urinating too much liquid ("polyurea") needs to be distinguished from the slightly different symptoms of excessively frequent urination, urinary dribbling, or unusual urgency to urinate.
		Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes.
		Possible causes of symptom: Polyuria: The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Polyuria as a symptom.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /sym/polyuria.htm (398 words)

	APPROACH TO A CHILD WITH POLYURIA PEDIATRIC ONCALL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Polyuria is defined as urine output >2000ml per 1.73M
		Accurate measurement of 24 hours intake of fluids and quantity of urine passed should be done to establish diagnosis of polyuria.
		Clinically polyuria due to pathological condition can present with irritability, failure to thrive, fever due to dehydration, excessive thirst, mental retardation, and seizures due to hypernatremia.
	www.pediatriconcall.com /FORDOCTOR/DiseasesandCondition/Polyuria.asp (539 words)

	Polyuria - Patient UK
		Polyuria - Patient UK PatientPlus articles are written for doctors and so the language can be technical.
		Polyuria is a highly subjective symptom and one which presents much less often than urinary frequency.
		Nocturia will usually be a feature of true polyuria, and secondary enuresis in children can occur.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40000113 (745 words)

	EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The cause of this patient's polyuria is diabetes insipidus.
		The discussion of this should include the differential of polyuria (> 3 liters per day), including diabetes mellitus, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, and an inability of the renal tubular system to respond to AVP or nephrogenic DI, in addition to psychogenic water drinking.
		The case should be expanded to include the patient's presentation of acute onset polyuria, which is characteristic of DI and the lack of any obvious etiology for this problem.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MEdEd/mech/cases/case16/answers3.htm (592 words)

	Zebra Card HE-004: post-palpitation polyuria
		If high levels of natriuretic peptides are a result of left ventricular dysfunction, as this paper reports, then we can explain Wood's observation that polyuria does not follow tachycardia when left ventricular dysfunction is present.
		Polyuria in paroxysmal tachycardia and paroxysmal atrial flutter and fibrillation.
		Mechanism of polyuria and natriuresis in atrioventricular nodal tachycardia.
	www.zebracards.com /HE-004.html (316 words)

	Polydipsia and Polyuria
		Although diabetes mellitus is widely recognized as the commonest cause of polyuria and polydipsia, the possibility of diabetes insipidus (DI) is too often overlooked by physicians.
		It is very important to bear DI in mind because missing the diagnosis can lead to needless suffering by patients and their families; indeed, failure to make the diagnosis can result in severe dehydration with irreversible brain damage, even death.
		Forms of DI The term Diabetes Insipidus refers to an abnormal state of water diuresis (as opposed to an abnormal state of osmotic diuresis, as in diabetes mellitus); DI is characterized by a large volume of dilute urine (hypotonic polyuria) associated with increased fluid intake (polydipsia).
	www.diabetesinsipidus.org /polydipsia_polyuria.htm (866 words)

	Risk factors for the development of lithium-induced polyuria -- MOVIG et al. 182 (4): 319 -- The British Journal of ...
		Polyuria is a frequent complication in patients receiving lithium.
		The mechanism of lithium-induced polyuria is biologically explicable.
		Polyuria is a well-known and frequently occurring side-effect
	bjp.rcpsych.org /cgi/content/full/182/4/319 (2109 words)

	Pathophysiological Aspects of Nocturnal Polyuria in Monosymptomatic Enuresis Nocturna
		The excretion of large amounts of urine at night (nocturnal polyuria) is a major aetiological factor in nocturnal enuresis.
		The aim of the present PhD dissertation was to evaluate the normal circadian variations in urine output and composition in healthy children and the physiological mechanisms responsible for the dDAVP resistant nocturnal polyuria seen in a subgroup of enuretics.
		Our results point towards several areas of interest for further research such as the relation between dDAVP bioavailability and clinical effect, the mechanisms responsible for excess nocturnal sodium excretion and prostaglandin overproduction seen in selected populations of enuretics and the role of prostaglandin inhibition as a therapeutic alternative in children with enuresis nocturna.
	www.danmedbul.dk /DMB_2004/0404/0404-phd/DMB3700.htm (571 words)

	nocturia, nocturnal polyuria, urologist, marinkovic's testimonal, success story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Correctional facility guard Janet Murray is a 42-year-old white female with an 8-year history of frequency, urgency and nocturia, nocturnal polyuria.
		Prior to treatment of Nocturia and nocturnal polyuria, she voided up to 25 times in a 24-hour period, with episodes of nocturia, nocturnal polyuria 4-6 times per night.
		Her job is no longer at risk, and her quality of life has improved substantially from nocturia and nocturnal polyuria.
	www.drmarinkovic.com /interstim.php (263 words)

	Polyuria - Page 1
		Polyuria that occurs over several days and is not due to medications or an increase in fluid intake may be a cause for concern.
		Polyuria can also be due to many other conditions, including endocrine disorders, kidney disease, liver disease, urinary tract infection, mineral imbalances, head injury, emotional disorders,
		People experiencing polyuria are encouraged to see their physician for appropriate treatment.
	diabetes.healthcentersonline.com /diabetessignssymptoms/polyuria.cfm (254 words)

	Diabetes insipidus -- Baylis and Cheetham 79 (1): 84 -- Archives of Disease in Childhood
		Polyuria is defined as the passage of large volumes of dilute urine, in excess of 2 l/m
		of polyuria the greater the resistance to vasopressin.
		The profound polyuria caused by the familial forms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are particularly difficult to manage.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/79/1/84 (2998 words)

	Polyuria After Olanzapine Overdose -- ETIENNE et al. 161 (6): 1130 -- American Journal of Psychiatry
		Adam’s polyuria corrected after the intravenous administration of 4 µg of desmopressin (and 2 µg 12 hours later).
		No recurrence of polyuria was noted at the 1-month follow-up.
		The constellation of polyuria, hyposmolar urine (166 mosmol/kg
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/161/6/1130 (512 words)

	Constipation, polyuria, polydipsia, and edema associated with orlistat -- Packard et al. 36 (7): 1168 -- The Annals of ...
		Constipation, polyuria, polydipsia, and edema associated with orlistat -- Packard et al.
		CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old white woman developed symptoms of constipation, polyuria, polydipsia, and increased lower-leg edema after 2 weeks of treatment with orlistat 120 mg 3 times daily.
		No reports were discovered documenting the occurrence of constipation, polydipsia, and polyuria associated with the use of orlistat.
	www.theannals.com /cgi/content/abstract/36/7/1168 (258 words)

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