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Topic: Pomors

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	Pomors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pomors (помо́ры) are Russian settlers of the White Sea coasts.
		The most famous Pomors are Mikhail Lomonosov, Fedot Shubin (both born near Kholmogory) and Semyon Dezhnev (born in Velikiy Ustyug).
		The name of Pomors is derived from the Pomorsky Coast of the White Sea (between Onega and Kem), having the root of “море” (sea).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pomors (381 words)

	The Norwegian Barents Secretariat : Pomors press for the status of indigenous people.
		The “Pomors” is a distinguishing national name of the representatives of indigene ethnic community of the European North of Russia (the Pomor land - Pomorje).
		The name “Pomors” appeared approximately in XI-XII centuries on the south-west coast of the White sea and during XIV-XVI centuries spread far to the south and east from the place of its origin.
		Recognition of pomors as an indigenous people will mean that they should get the rights of free use of bio-resources and territories of their habitation.
	www.barents.no /cparticle299420-41098.html (409 words)

	ICI/FOCIS 2004 Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pomors - Russian subjects from North-West region of Russia (the White sea coast); 3.Tatars; 4.Mari; Orients – 5.Kalmyks (European part of Russia); 6.Tuvinians (Siberia); 7.Buriats (Siberia), and 8.
		In Pomors the homozygous DRB1*04 genotype is mainly disease-associated as well as corresponding DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes being in linkage disequilibrium to it.
		In Russians from Moscow, Tatars and Mari the disease-susceptibility is associated to DRB1*03/04 genotype.
	www.immuno2004.org /onlineabstracts/1989.html (376 words)

	Antiquity of Russian Lapland: Kola village on Kola Peninsula
		The settlement was founded by Pomors and Russian merchants and had a wholesale trade with the English, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish and Dutch dealers from Kola.
		In the end of XV -beginning of XVI centuries the trades of pomors on Murmansk coast have acquired constant character.
		Pomors are an ethnical group of the Russian people which came and settled on the coasts of the White and Barents seas eight Centuries
	www.kolatravel.com /kola.htm (671 words)

	[No title]
		According to the hypothesis of Russian scholars the discovery of the archipelago and its primary development should be attributed to coast-dwellers from the North of Russia, the pomors, to whom Spitsbergen was known as early as the XIV-XV century.
		Pomors were mainly whaling and hunting fur and have left numerous evidence of their presence here, such as the tools of their trade, various remains of boats and settlements, and wooden crosses that, apart from being religious objects, served as seamarks.
		The Barentsburg settlement is characterised by a comprehensive industrial infrastructure and well-developed social amenities (a recreation centre, a sports complex, the "Pomor" museum, a hospital, a kindergarten).
	www.norway.mid.ru /sp_eng.html (960 words)

	Russians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Russians began to be recognized as a distinct ethnic group in the 15th century, when they were referred to as Muscovite Russians, during the consolidation of Muscovy Tsardom as a regional power.
		Between 12th and 16th century Russians known as Pomors migrated to Northern Russia and settled White Sea coasts.
		As a result of the migrations and Russian conquests (following liberation from the Mongol Golden Horde domination) during 15th-16th centuries Russians settled the Volga, Urals and Northern Caucasus regions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russians (1063 words)

	BarentsObserver : Pomors repeat demand for status as indigenous people
		Pomors were then included as a separate ethnic entity in the list of nationalities.
		Since being included in the list of nationalities in the 2002 census, the Pomors have not been able to proceed with the process of recognition.
		The editor says that the Pomors was to be included in the federal list of indigenous peoples in 2004, but that the case has come to a halt first because of the reorganization of the Ministry of Nationalities into the Ministry of Regional Development an then because of a bureaucratic stalemate.
	www.barentsobserver.com /index.php?id=279561&noredir=1 (286 words)

	BarentsObserver : Cencus strengthens local patriotism among Pomors
		In its response to the Pomor census request the Russian State Committee on Statistics, Goskomstat, stated that all Russian citizens are free to individually define their ethnic adherence.
		The small and active group of Pomor Revival supporters have achieved their desired ethnic acknowledgement, but will hardly be able to change the identity of the Arkhangelsk population.
		Having registered as a Pomor at the census, Arkhangelsk governor Anatoly Yefremov himself says, "To be a Pomor is a state of the heart.
	www.barentsobserver.com /index.php?id=163150&cat=16149&forceredir=1 (1239 words)

	THE VOICE OF RUSSIA [Glimpses of Russia) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The life of pomors is represented in full in a history and ethnology museum in the village of Umba.
		For pomors it was nothing unusual to use handy natural material, first of all, wood for their household needs.
		Other items in the collection are pomor skis which unlike the modern ones did not require greasing and slid easily in any weather and a dictionary of the most frequently used Lapp words compiled last century by a man named Zaborshchikov.
	www.vor.ru /outside/cities17_eng.html (459 words)

	The Northern Lights Route - The Pomor Trade
		The word "Pomor" indicates something that is "by the sea" and is used as a designation for a northern seafarer, or a Russian who lives by the White Sea.
		The trading between the Pomors and the northern Norwegian population was extensive, and this was particuarly the case during years of war, crop failure and the lack of necessary provisions from southern Norway.
		Because of the Russian Revolution, the suspension of the Pomor trade led to negative consequences for northern Norwegian commerce, and it severely affected the communities of the coastal Sami.
	www.ub.uit.no /northernlights/eng/pomor.htm (660 words)

	Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project \| History \| Ancient Times
		Farther to the east, many historians believe that Pomors (Russians from the town of Novgorod) first began to appear in the far north along the coast of the White Sea at the beginning of the 12th century, and along the Murmansk coast in the middle of the 13th century.
		Every year, the Pomors sailed along the northern coast in boats that were constructed using axes.
		In fact, Spitsbergen was visited by the Pomors 150 years prior to being discovered by the Dutch in 1596.
	www.whoi.edu /beaufortgyre/history/history_ancient.html (280 words)

	Pomors Did You Mean pomors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As early as the 12th century, explorers from Novgorod entered the White Sea through Northern Dvina estuary and founded the Russian settlements along its coast.
		Their chief town used to be Kholmogory, hometown of the most famous Pomors, Mikhail Lomonosov and Semyon Dezhnev.
		By the cenus 2002 there is ~6000 pomors in Russia.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Pomors.html (123 words)

	Odin - Norway and Russia - Artic neighbours
		Trading stations were established in Hammerfest and Vardø, and the Pomors were given the right to deal with merchants in the towns and shopkeepers at rural trading posts in the inner reaches of the fjords.
		As of 1796 the Pomors were allowed to trade directly with the general population, without the intervention of merchants, but only during the maggot season.
		Thus, it is primarily the positive aspects of the Pomor trade and relations between Norwegians and Russians in the north that are reflected in the folklore and literature of both countries.
	odin.dep.no /odin/english/norway/history/032005-990459/dok-bn.html (2718 words)

	Svalbard Archaeology
		During the course of the 18th century, human activity on Svalbard was dominated by hunters from northern-western Russia, the Pomors.
		The Pomors used a wide-ranging system of base stations and outlying hunter’s camps in their activities, but nothing that can be defined as an industry.
		Pomor hunting activity diminished in the early 19th century.
	www.svalbardarchaeology.org /history.html (1438 words)

	Nordic and East / Central European Network for Qualitative Social Research - Shabaev: Paradoxes of Modern... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 2003 the national-cultural autonomy of the Arkhangelsk Pomors, while in the beginning of 2004 - the Pomors community as a community of the indigenous minorities of the North was registered.
		The revival of the Pomors may be explained by the political and economic interests but not the strive for cultural isolation and preservation of the traditions.
		Actualization of local identities and concentration of political interests on the level of local ethnic communities is quite justified as at this level it is easier to mobilize the ethnicity, while political interests and aims are understandable for the majority involved into the activity of the local national organizations of the activists.
	www.necen.org /archive/5nor_papers/shabev (3580 words)

	Wikipedia: Mangazeya
		It was situated where the Ob and Yenisei rivers flow into the Arctic Ocean.
		Russian settlers of the White Sea coasts of Russia (pomors) had found a route along the Arctic coast to Arkhangelsk to trade with Norwegian, English and Dutch merchants.
		This trade route was forbidden at the beginning of the 17th century under the penalty of death, for two reasons: the state was unable to collect on it, and there was a fear of English trading penetration into Siberia.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/m/ma/mangazeya.html (146 words)

	The Traditional [Norwegian] Pomor Trade with Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The commerce between Norwegians living along the coastline and Russians from the coastal regions by the White Sea is known as the so-called Pomor trade, and lasted for about 200 years, until the beginning of the Russian revolution.
		The Russian Pomor capital, Archangel, founded in 1534, was originally the center for trade with North-Eastern Russia, controlled by the Dutch, Scots and English, but in the 18th century it became the center for 200 years of extensive trade with Northern Norway.
		The Pomors - Pomor means ”by the sea” and is an expression for a northern seafarer - transported grain and flour to Norway, and brought various kinds of fish back to Russia.
	www.yukoncollege.yk.ca /~agraham/nost202/pomore.htm (525 words)

	Odin Archive - The Barents region and the Pomors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The traders, or Pomors, as they were known (the word is a corruption of the Russian pomorje, meaning "coastland"), even developed their own pidgin, comprising Russian and Norwegian, that has been a source of some fascination to Scandinavian linguists.
		Russia was the first country to recognize the newly independent Norway in 1905, quite possibly because of benevolent feelings toward the new nation engendered by the old Pomor connection.
		That connection, although severed for several generations by the Soviet authorities, is nevertheless thought by many historians and intelligence analysts to have contributed to the remarkably low degree of tension along the border throughout the Cold War, despite constant, sometimes frantic, espionage on both sides.
	odin.dep.no /odinarkiv/english/stoltenberg_I/md/022031-990091/dok-nn.html (496 words)

	Barents Road (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Together with the Sami people, these ethnic groups were the first settlers who came to the Barents area from the east and west.
		The trip continues towards the coast, where fishing is the main source of income and an export commodity of stature.
		The Pomors mentioned earlier have brought their dark rye bread and pirogs, frequent in the northern Norwegian and Finnish parts of our food culture.
	www.barentsroad.org /04/eng_sidor/med_alla_sinnen/mat.asp (968 words)

	Everything about Pomorye (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After the collapse of the Soviet Union a debate has started as to whether the Pomors should be recognized as an indigenous peoples and included into the list of Northern indigenous peoples of Russia By the cenus 2002 there is ~6000 pomors in Russia.
		For much of Russia's history this was Russia's main centre of international maritime trade, conducted by the so-called Pomors ("seaside settlers") from Kholmogory.
		Local inhabitants, called pomors, were the first to explore trade routes to Northern Siberia as far as trans-Ural city of Mangazeya and beyond.
	700.en.wikimiki.org /en/Pomorye (11826 words)

	Family Tree DNA Forum - The Genetic origin of the Saami people of Scandinavia
		In 890 AD the Pomors were uralic speakers and they spoke a language very similar to the Saami.
		Ottar also confirm that the Saami lived in the mountains in South-Norway and lived at the coast in todays North Norway and the coast of the Kola Penninsula in Russia.
		Pomors are only few small groups near Arkhangelsk and Pinega that are more likely to descend from the Novgorod settlers.
	www.familytreedna.com /forum/showthread.php?p=8774#post8774 (1060 words)

	Arkhangelsk. According to Results of All-Russia Census of Population Pomors are Separate Nationality - Russian News - ...
		As it was stated by leader of pomors in Arkhangelsk (North-West of Russia) Ivan Moseev, deputy of the national cultural center, the census of 2002 finally put an end to the 10-year juridical debate on the existence of native population of pomors in the Arkhangelsk region.
		And it was not until pomors themselves in the summer of 2002 wrote a complaint letter to the Russian President and until interference of the President’s administration did the Arkhangelsk Regional Committee for population census deny this vicious habit.
		According to the All-Russia Register of the population census, native Russian speaking residents of the Russian North (further «pomors») received a particular code #208 (whereas Russians are registered as #1) and were able to write «pomor» in the column of «nationality».
	www.regnum.ru /english/83586.html (905 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For some groups of the Pomors the trade with the walrus tusks, hide and blubber was the main source of income.
		When in 1820s temperature in Europe increased and approaches to the Arctic archipelagoes were cleaned both of ices and the Britons, the large increase of the elephant ivory export from the South Africa started making the ivory prices go down.
		The Pomors could not continue the walrus hunting in the traditional way because of the high costs and low profits of this business and also they had no funds to improve hunting technologically to cut expenses.
	www.eu.spb.ru /histschool/2003/thesis/yurchenko.htm (1017 words)

	History » The Kola Land in ancient times
		In the middle of the XV the first Russian settlements were formed on the Tersk coast: Umba and Varzuga.
		Russian settlers (Pomors) were more progressive then Saami in the field of production and ordinary life.
		As a result of communication between Pomors and Saami some religious conceptions of Saami changed, weakened and disappeared tribal system.
	2004.murman.ru /history/kola_land/index-eng.shtml (641 words)

	Arkhangelsk - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At the time access to the Baltic Sea was still controlled by the Hanseatic League, so while Arkhangelsk was icebound in winter, it remained Moscow's only link to the sea.
		Arkhangelsk and pomors maintained trade routes to Northern Siberia as far as trans-Ural city of Mangazeya.
		In 1682 Peter I took power at the age of ten, and in 1693 he ordered the creation of a state shipyard in Arkhangelsk.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Arkhangelsk (592 words)

	Ancient Pomorsky fishing culture on Tersky Coast on the Kola Peninsula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The need for fresh fishing and hunting grounds brought them north to the shores of the White Sea, where they little by little put down their roots.
		The remote location and harsh northern conditions forced these Pomors - as they became known - to be extremely self-reliant.
		Their homesteads consisted not only of sturdy log homes, but also saunas, storehouses (on piles for protection from animals), ice-block freezers, and special devices for dragging their wide heavy wooden boats — known as barkas — onto shore.
	www.kolatravel.com /tersky_coast.htm (174 words)

	Visiting the Newly-born Seals: An International Expedition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, this will increase the risk that the seals' breeding ground will be situated farther away from the location at which the participants of the expedition are expected to stay overnight.
		And, most remarkably, you'll be able to spend two days in the real Pomor houses, stay with the families of the Pomors (the White Sea coast dwellers), and get to know their present-day way of life in which its ancient traditions are still preserved.
		So if you like nature and travelling, if you have dreamed of seeing the North with your own eyes (and not on a TV screen), of experiencing the severity of life in the North, you won't regret having departed on an expedition with us.
	www.skypole.ru:8101 /seals/plans_e.htm (347 words)

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