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Topic: Pompeii worm

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	Worm (animal) - MSN Encarta
		The peanut worm is a distant cousin of the earthworm, and the ribbon worm is related to flatworms.
		The Pompeii worm, for example, lives in scalding water at the mouths of hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor.
		Pompeii worms keep one end of their two-inch bodies in scalding water at 80° C (176° F), while the other end extends to far cooler water, at 20° C (68° F).
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761560410 (433 words)

	pompeii resources -
		Pompeii is located at coordinates 40В° 44′55″N, 14В° 30′15″E, southeast of Naples, near the modern suburban town of Pompei.
		Pompeii took part in the war that the towns of Campania initiated against Rome, but in 89 BC it was besieged by Sulla.
		Pompeii is, in fact, the only ancient town of which the whole topographic structure is known precisely as it was, with no later modifications or additions.
	www.referensics.com /P/pompeii.php (2122 words)

	Pompeii - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Pompeii
		A fresco of ‘Europa and the bull’, from a house in Pompeii, Italy, which was buried for over a thousand years under volcanic ash.
		The villa was evidently a religious establishment devoted to the worship of the god Pan, for in the mural a priest plays the syrinx (panpipes) in the presence of Pan's animals, the goats, while a priestess enacts terror, thus explaining the derivation of the English word ‘panic’.
		Pompeii was rediscovered in 1748 and the systematic excavation begun in 1763 still continues.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Pompeii (825 words)

	Pompeii worm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Pompeii worm (Alvinella pompejana) is a deep-sea polychaete worm found only at hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean.Discovered in the early 1980s by French researchers, Pompeii worms are most famous for the current belief that they are the "hottest" animals on Earth.
		Pompeii worms get their name from the Roman city of Pompeii that was destroyed during an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD Attachingthemselves to fl smokers, the worms have been found to thrive attemperatures of up to 80°C (176°F), making the Pompeii worm the most heat-tolerant complex animal known to science.
		The Pompeii worm's family name Alvinellidae and genus name Alvinella both derive from DSV Alvin, the three-person submersible vehicle used during the discovery ofhydrothermal vents and their fauna during the late 1970s.
	www.therfcc.org /RFCC/pompeii-worm-265866.html (415 words)

	Pompeii worm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pompeii worms get their name from the Roman city of Pompeii that was destroyed during an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.
		The Pompeii worm's family name Alvinellidae and genus name Alvinella both derive from DSV Alvin, the three-person submersible vehicle used during the discovery of hydrothermal vents and their fauna during the late 1970s.
		Reaching a length of up to 13 centimetres (5 inches), Pompeii worms are a pale grey with "hairy" backs; these "hairs" are actually bacteria which are thought to afford the worm some degree of insulation.
	pompeii-worm.borgfind.com (440 words)

	Alvinellidae . Pacific Ocean . Kingdom (biology) . Annelid . Scientific classification . DSV Alvin . Genus . Pompeii ...
		Pompeii worm Head at bottom left.Photo credit: University of Delaware Scientific classification Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Annelid Annelida Class:Polychaeta Order:Terebellida Family:Alvinellidae Genus: Alvinella Species: pompejana Binomial name Alvinella pompejana The Pompeii worm Alvinella pompejana is a deep-sea polychaete worm found only at hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean.
		Discovered in the early 1980s by France French researchers, Pompeii worms are most famous for the current belief that they are the "hottest" animals on Earth.
		Pompeii worms get their name from the Ancient Rome Roman city of Pompeii that was destroyed during an Volcanic eruption eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.
	www.uk.knowledge-info.org /Alvinellidae-UK-3171331-hp (456 words)

	Pompeii Worm
		Worm weight of chain to drag, and poor Lydgate was in a bad mood for bearing her dumb mastery.
		Men had always thought Pompeii her a handsome comfortable woman, and had reckoned it among the signs of Bulstrode's hypocrisy that he had chosen a red-blooded Vincy, Pompeii instead of a ghastly and melancholy person suited to his low esteem for earthly pleasure.
		There Pompeii was no spiteful disposition towards her; rather, there was a busy benevolence Worm anxious to ascertain what it would be well for her to feel and do under the circumstances, which of course kept the imagination occupied with Pompeii her character and history from the times when she was Harriet Vincy till now.
	mizar.mmrnhrmm.com /article/pompeii%20worm.html (438 words)

	Pompeii Worm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pompeii Worm is the hottest animal on the earth.
		Even though the pompeii worm is the hottest animal on earth it still lives in one of the coldest places on earth.
		The pompeii worm has little hairs on the back og it's body, but the little hairs are acturelly bacteria.
	www.nsd.wednet.edu /8web0102/sbamiweb03/pompeii_worm.htm (197 words)

	The city of Pompeii along with Herculaneum Herculaneum and many smaller...
		The town was founded in the 7th century BC 7th century BC by the Osci Osci, a people of central Italy Italy, on a hill near the mouth of the Sarno River Sarno River, already in use as a safe port by Greek Greek and Phoenicia Phoenician sailors.
		Pompeii took part in the war that the towns of Campania initiated against Rome, but in 89 BC 89 BC it was besieged by Sulla Sulla.
		Monument from Pompeii (click image for enlarged picture of the plate) Monument from Pompeii (click image for enlarged picture of the plate) In August of 79 AD a catastrophic volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius buried the city and obscured the sun on a mild winter afternoon.
	www.biodatabase.de /Pompeii (1357 words)

	Pompeii Worm
		Pompeii worms were initially discovered by French researchers in the early 1980's and are described as deep-sea polychaetes that reside in tubes near hydrothermal vents along the seafloor.
		Living in a symbiotic relationship, the worms secrete mucous from tiny glands on their backs to feed the bacteria, and in return they are protected by some degree of insulation.
		The Pompeii worm resides in tubes near hydrothermal vents along the seafloor.
	serc.carleton.edu /microbelife/topics/marinesymbiosis/pompeii.html (635 words)

	BioForum Somero 10
		What they did was to insert into Pompeii worm tubes, a thermistor that allowed them to make a transect along the whole length of the worm's home.
		What they found was that at the far ends of the tubes, in other words the part of the Pompeii worms' tube that was deepest in a fl smoker chimney nearest the spire of hot vent water, temperatures ran around 81 degrees Celsius.
		The worm loses heat in its gills, which are exposed to 22 degree water, and sends cool blood back into the body of the animal.
	www.accessexcellence.org /BF/bf03/somero/bf03a10.html (488 words)

	Pompeii worm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Pompeii worm (Alvinella pompejana) is a deep-sea polychaete worm found only at hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean.
		Pompeii worms get their name from the Roman city of Pompeii that was destroyed during an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD Attaching themselves to fl smokers, the worms have been found to thrive at temperatures of up to 80°C (176°F), making the Pompeii worm the most heat-tolerant complex animal known to science.
		Thought to subsist on vent microbes, the Pompeii worm pokes its feather-like head out of its tube home to feed and breathe.
	www.aseannewsnetwork.de /articles/content/p/po/pompeii_worm.html (439 words)

	Pompeii Worm (Alvinella pompegana)
		Using a long temperature probe called “the Mosquito,” he found that the worm’s rear end sits in water as hot as 80° C (176° F), while its head, which sticks out of the worm’s tube home, rests in water that is much cooler, about 22° C (72° F).
		Covering the Pompeii worm’s back is a fleece of bacteria that can also “take the heat.” These bacteria are of particular interest to industry because they may harbor enzymes that are useful in such high-temperature applications as processing food and drugs, making paper, and dislodging oil inside wells.
		By learning more about the unique biology of the Pompeii worm and other “extremophiles” — organisms that thrive in extreme temperature and pressure conditions — scientists may open the door to beneficial new products and processes.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /deepsea/level-2/creature/worm.html (276 words)

	Worm Wizardry: World's Most Heat-Tolerant Creature Suggests Enzymes For Drugs OrIndustry, UD Prof Says
		In a steamy underwater hell west of Costa Rica, weird deep-sea worms survive temperatures nearly hot enough to boil water--too hot for any other complex creature on Earth--and they don't care if their `heads' are two-and-a-half times cooler than their `tails,' a University of Delaware researcher reports in the Feb.
		Dubbed "the Mosquito," the probe was deployed by the deep-submergence vehicle Alvin during trips to the Axial Summit Caldera, west of Mexico and south of Baja, Calif. (9 degrees north and 105 degrees west of the equator).
		Cary and his colleagues took Alvin close to worm tubes, and the pilot carefully manipulated the Mosquito into a Pompeii worm's `front door'--an opening just 2 centimeters wide.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-02/UoD-WWWM-040298.php (682 words)

	Scientists determine how chemistry keeps weird worms "out of hot water" at steaming deep-sea vents
		In 1998, Cary and his team confirmed that the Pompeii worm is the most heat-tolerant animal on Earth, capable of surviving nearly boiling water.
		By replacing the analyzer’s hairdrier-like wand with a more slender attachment, the scientists were able to insert the device right into the Pompeii worm’s home.
		They found that the Pompeii worm resides in much hotter water than the tubeworm, with temperatures fluctuating from 40° — 90°C (104° — 194°F).
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-04/UoD-Sdhc-1004101.php (830 words)

	Deep Sea Vents: Pompeii Worm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This extreme environment is home to some rather unique creatures, including the aptly named, Pompeii worm.
		"The Pompeii worm is about 3 to 4 centimeters, maybe up to 8 centimeters, in length.
		And it loves it there, because it's hot, and the predators of the worm can't come in- it's just too hot for the predators.
	www.pulseplanet.com /archive/Dec04/3333.html (248 words)

	Delaware Biotechnology Institute
		The emphasis of Dr. Cary’s current research is in the use of molecular techniques in microbial community structure analysis with an emphasis on understanding the interactions among bacterial communities in extreme environments.
		His report on this eukaryotic metazoan is believed to be the first report of a higher-order life form that is capable of surviving sustained, long-term exposure to temperatures up to 176 degrees Fahrenheit (80 degrees Celsius).
		According to Dr. Cary, his findings on the Pompeii worm should boost the global search for new extremophiles — organisms tough enough to thrive in hot, corrosive, high-pressure environments.
	www.dbi.udel.edu /People/carybio.html (190 words)

	Dispatches
		The research team of University of Delaware marine scientist Craig Cary discovered that the Pompeii worm (Alvinella pompejana) thrives in waters as hot as 80° C (176°F), easily beating out the Sahara Desert ant Cataglyphis long considered to be the world's most extreme creature.
		The worm inhabits ocean-floor formations known as hydrothermal vents, which are geysers found along underwater volcanic mountain ranges formed by shifting plates in the earth's crust.
		Amazingly, the worms simultaneously inhabit both extremes, with their heads positioned at the cooler openings and their tails withstanding the inner heat.
	www.exploratorium.edu /aaas-2001/dispatches/thermal_worm.html (670 words)

	The Magnificent Pompeii Worm
		This worm resides in tubes near hydrothermal vents along the seafloor.
		While in the tube, the worm's tail end might be immersed in temperatures as hot as 178 degrees Fahrenheit, while its head rests in cooler water, as moderate as 72 degrees Fahrenheit.
		D: Not only that, but besides the temperatures, the Pompeii worm has to deal with lethal chemicals too, like sulfides and heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper.
	amos.indiana.edu /library/scripts/pompeiiworm.html (303 words)

	Newswise
		Editors: You may access high-resolution color photos of the vent worms, analyzer, and UD scientists at The University of Delaware Graduate College of Marine Studies web site: http://www.ocean.udel.edu/newscenter.
		Using the analyzer in a tubeworm colony, the scientists confirmed that this animal resides in waters up to 30 degrees C (86 degrees F), and its bacteria require hydrogen sulfide for survival.
		They found that the Pompeii worm resides in much hotter water than the tubeworm, with temperatures fluctuating from 40degrees - 90 degrees C (104 degrees - 194 degrees F).
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/?id=UDWORMS.SGP (848 words)

	AMNH - Life Forms
		For example, the temperatures inside some tube worms, built directly on vent chimneys, have been measured at 40°C, and another kind of worm, the Pompeii worm, has been photographed leaving its tube and swimming near a temperature probe that recorded 110°C.
		The distinctive bright red plume or tip of the tube worm is the only part of the worm's anatomy that is exposed to the environment, and it can be fully withdrawn into the protective tube when the animal is disturbed.
		The sulfide and oxygen are transported, along with other nutrients, by the blood of the tube worm to the bacteria living within the worm's tissue.
	www.amnh.org /nationalcenter/expeditions/blacksmokers/life_forms.html (937 words)

	Australian Museum - Hot Worms on Record
		In this seemingly inhospitable environment, the tube-dwelling Pompeii Worm (Alvinella pompejana) colonises the outer wall of mineral 'chimneys' found around the vent openings.
		Although Pompeii Worms make regular visits into the surrounding sea to feed on bacteria growing on the outside of the colony, they spend most of their time in their tube homes with gills and mouth structures extending into the sea.
		The function of the complex structures within their cells seems to be limited by temperature, but just how the Pompeii Worm has adapted to overcome this problem is unclear.
	www.amonline.net.au /archive.cfm?id=603 (276 words)

	NAI: News Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They examined the microhabitats of two different vent worms: the tubeworm (Riftia pachyptila), which looks like a giant lipstick and can grow to 9 feet tall, and the hairy, 5-inch Pompeii worm (Alvinella pompejana), which currently holds the record as the "hottest" animal on Earth.
		Using the analyzer in a tubeworm colony, the scientists confirmed that this animal resides in waters up to 30 C (86 F), and its bacteria require hydrogen sulfide for survival.
		They found that the Pompeii worm resides in much hotter water than the tubeworm, with temperatures fluctuating from 40-90 C (104 - 194 F).
	www.nai.arc.nasa.gov /news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=166 (917 words)

	Vent Epibiont Environmental Genome (VEEG) -A meta-genome level analysis of an extreme microbial symbiosis
		In collaboration with Dr. Craig Cary, University of Delaware and others, this interdisciplinary project’s goal has been to reconstruct the metabolism of a consortia of bacteria that live symbiotically with a polychaete worm which inhabits the walls of hydrothermal vent chimneys at depths from 2-3000 meters under the sea’s surface.
		The approach for metabolic reconstruction has involved sequencing a large amount of DNA from this consortia and implementing a multi-step analysis process to sort through the sequence to identify genes and pathways that are encoded in it.
		We have participated in 2 ocean cruises and used the submersible Alvin to sample the worms (and their RNA) and study the environmental characteristics of their toxic, heat-laden habitat.
	www.dees.dri.edu /Projects/alison_VEEG.htm (268 words)

	Worms' hot ends set thermal record - undersea Pompeii worm lives in water as hot as 81 degrees Celsius - Brief Article ...
		The Pompeii worm keeps a cool head in that hot clime, however.
		Nevertheless, the Pompeii worms weather extreme temperature shifts with impunity, since they often leave their hot tubes to forage outside in the 10 [degrees] C water.
		The water inside the worm's tube would be thermally and chemically lethal for many animals, Cary says.
	www.looksmarthiking.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n8_v153/ai_20396430 (301 words)

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