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Topic: Ponca Indians

	Chronicles of Oklahoma
		The Poncas were not satisfied with the location and the President gave them permission to select any unoccupied land in the Indian Territory, and the Chiefs under the leadership of Standing Bear selected their present reservation at the confluence of the Arkansas and the Salt Fork Rivers, containing over 100,000 acres.
		During the first two years of their residence in the Indian Territory, a large number of the were sick and many died, but for the past year, the health of the Poncas has been very goof for the three months ending September 30, 1880, there were seventeen births against three deaths, a gain of fourteen.
		The Poncas at the present time have 80 good houses a good cooking stove for each house, and many of them are supplied with chairs, dished, and other necessary articles to enable them to better their condition in life.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /chronicles/v012/v012p359.html (1499 words)

	[No title]
		Ponca horsemen from distant parts of the reservation came dashing over the hills on their fleet ponies, their bright-colored trappings glittering in the morning sun, while little groups of three or four came straggling in from the tepees and houses in the distance.
		When the Ponca Indians started for Washington from this city last week, the wife of Big Snake, who was killed something over a year ago, was determined to accompany them as far as Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where her son is attending school, and was with difficulty persuaded to stay at home.
		Five-sixths of all the Ponca Indians are now settled in the Indian Territory; they are healthy, prosperous, and contented; and while it is true that at first they objected to their removal, they are now satisfied, and are firm in their intention of remaining.
	www.ausbcomp.com /~bbott/cowley/OLDNEWS/WORTMAW/PONCA.htm (15655 words)

	Chief Standing Bear of the Ponca Indians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The trial of Standing Bear, a Ponca Indian chief, in a United States District court in Omaha in l879, led to a decision by Judge Elmer Dundy that native Americans are "persons within the meaning of the law" and have the rights of citizenship.
		In 1876 when the Ponca were told they were to be moved to Indian Territory, they sent ten chiefs with a United States agent to look over the land and its prospects.
		On April 30, 1879 Judge Dundy stated that an Indian is a person within the law and that the Ponca were being held illegally.
	net.unl.edu /~swi/guide/stbear.html (628 words)

	~~Ponca Tribe~~ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Lambertson further contended that the Poncas adhered to their traditional ways, were dependent on the government, and as Indians, were not entitled to the rights and privileges of citizens.
		The name "Ponca" is apparently a mneumonic from the Siouan dialects, and has a symbolic connotation of "sacred head" from the terms in the dialects pa-honga, from Pa, "head", (including the face), and honga, "leader" and "that which is sacred".
		Description: The Ponca Indians were forced to restrict their land to a portion of Nebraska along the Niobrara river, but the government gave that land to the Sioux, then forced the Ponca to relocate to Indian Territory, Oklahoma.
	quicksitebuilder.cnet.com /bdk811/id9.html (8267 words)

	SECTION 4: "Hair Pipes in Plains Indian Adornment" by John C. Ewers
		e., the Comanche, Kiowa, Kiowa Apache, Ponca, and Pawnee in the south; the Arapaho and Cheyenne in Oklahoma, Wyoming, and Montana; the Teton Dakota of the Dakotas; and the Ute west of the Rockies.
		Indian men also adopted the hair-pipe necklace of several strands to use as a bandolier extending over one shoulder and under the opposite arm.
		The survival of the wearing of the hair-pipe bandolier among the Chippewa is illustrated in a photograph of a group of Indians in ceremonial costume, taken at Mille Lacs in 1928, and reproduced in Coleman (1947, pl. 2, fig.
	www.sil.si.edu /DigitalCollections/BAE/Bulletin164/section4.htm (4400 words)

	Standing Bear
		The Poncas had migrated from the east and settled in the lowland of the Missouri River Valley on a reservation that the United States had given them by treaty in 1858.
		He and a group of other Indians went to see the President of the United States and were told they had to stay in Indian Territory, but that they would be given better land and their belongings would be sent to them.
		He stated an Indian was a person within the meaning of the law and had the right to a writ of habeas corpus.
	www.geocities.com /pegmihedu/standingbear.html (1294 words)

	Ponca Indians
		The Poncas were a Siouan-speaking tribe, whose language was nearly identical to the Omahas.
		The village was on Ponca Creek, in Knox County, probably not far from the present village of Verdel.
		Sent Shields and Gibson to the Ponca Towns, which are Situated on the Ponca River on the lower side about two miles from its mouth in an open beautiful plain.
	www.nps.gov /jeff/LewisClark2/TheJourney/NativeAmericans/Ponca.htm (338 words)

	Ponca News
		Her distinctly Ponca voice no longer graces the songs of her people, her knowledge and love of Ponca songs goes with her.
		PONCA, Neb. -- A contentious battle over the proposed construction of a new Ponca 7-12 school ended Tuesday as 659 school district residents cast no votes for the $9.93 million bond issue and 633 residents said...
		Ponca Indians fans were pleased Monday as they witnessed their basketball team trounce the visiting Newcastle Raiders, 76-36 in a non-league game.
	www.topix.net /city/ponca-ne (723 words)

	PONCA INDIANS
		This is the homeland of the Ponca Indians who have lived in this area since earliest recorded history.
		As a result of a court decision it was determined that "an Indian is a person within the meaning of the law." This important action did much to provide legal rights for all Indians.
		A Nebraska reservation was eventually assigned to the Northern Ponca while many of the Southern Ponca remained in Oklahoma.
	www.nde.state.ne.us /SS/markers/062.html (202 words)

	The Siouan Languages Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Siouan, Dakota (Teton and Santee Dialects) with remarks on the Ponca and Winnebago.
		Hayden, F. Contributions to the ethnography and philology of the Indian tribes of the Missouri Valley.
		Biography of the Iowa Indians of Kansas and Nebraska.
	www.puffin.creighton.edu /lakota/siouan_language.html (6970 words)

	Native American Tribes and Cultures
		Caddo: (1) Caddo, (2) Caddo Indians at Texas Indians, (3) Caddo Indians from Catholic
		Indians, (3) Delaware History by L. Sultzman, (4) Delaware Indians from Ohio History Central, (5) Delaware Indians, (6) Delaware Tribe of Eastern Oklahoma, (7) Delaware Indian, (8) Lenape Indians
		Culture of the Shawnee Indian Tribe, (5) Shawnee, (6) Absentee Shawnee, (7) Eastern Shawnee, (8) Shawnee
	www.42explore2.com /native4.htm (2182 words)

	J1 Edgar Rice Burroughs LIbrary
		Her assignment was "to visit the Mission Indians in California, and ascertain the location and condition of various bandsand what, if any land, should be purchased for their use." With the assistance of Indian agent and entrepreneur Abbot Kinney, Jackson criss-crossed Southern California, documenting the appalling conditions they saw.
		Undaunted by Congress’ rejection, Jackson decided to write a novel that would depict the Indian experience "in a way to move people’s hearts." She was particularly drawn to the fate of her Indian friends in the Temecula area of Riverside County.
		Indian Basketry: This book traces the origin, development and fundamental principles of Indian basket design for the major tribal units in the Southwestern United States and Pacific Coast, with occasional comments on the basket weaving of a number of other North American tribes.
	www.erbzine.com /dan/j1.html (2452 words)

	National Archives Microfilm Publication M-595
		Census rolls were usually submitted each year by agents or superintendents in charge of Indian reservations, however, there is not a census for every reservation or group of Indians for every year.
		Because many persons with some degree of Indian blood did not maintain a tribal connection, their names will not appear on the rolls.
		Roll 210 (Kickapoo, Iowa, and Sauk and Fox of the Missouri Indians; Potawatomi Indians for 1920), 1903-20
	www-lib.ou.edu /etc/westhist/m595.htm (1828 words)

	Herstory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Born in 1854 in a village of the Omaha tribe near present-day Bellevue, Nebraska, Susette La Flesche was the daughter of an Omaha chief who was the son of a French trader and an Omaha woman.
		She took up the cause of the Ponca Indians, a tribe related to the Omaha who had been uprooted from their lands by the U.S. government and moved to Oklahoma, where sickness and starvation beset them.
		When the Ponca chief, Standing Bear, and several of his followers returned to Nebraska in 1879 after a long and arduous journey, they were arrested.
	www.nokomisfoundation.org /herstory.htm (6177 words)

	Native American - The USGenWeb Census Project
		1886-1890: Ponca, Oto and Missouri, Pawnee, and Tonkawa Indians
		1891-1896: Ponca, Oto and Missouri, Pawnee, and Tonkawa Indians
		1897-1903: Ponca, Oto and Missouri, Pawnee, and Tonkawa Indians
	www.us-census.org /native/m595/oklahoma.html (186 words)

	Nebraska, Timeline of State History - SHG Resources
		His party included forty-five white soldiers, sixty Pueblo Indians, a priest and an interpreter.
		He was given exclusive trading rights with the Ponca's by the Spanish.
		The Indian Removal Act allows the U.S. government to relocate Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.
	www.shgresources.com /ne/timeline (1451 words)

	RedNation, Inc.'s Online Native American Community
		Other stories, collected by James Mooney, refer to unknown beasts such as the giant yellow jacket that nested at Standing Indian in Macon County or the giant leech that lived near the conjunction of the Hiawassee and Valley Rivers near present-day Murphy, North Carolina.
		Although references to unknown animals do not tell us the age of the story, they may suggest a much earlier time when these animals might have roamed the mountains, with stories of them living well beyond their extinction.
		The first man to answer the young woman's call was a deer--the second was a bear; the third was a bird like herself.
	rednation.net /modules.php?name=News&...&op=newindex&catid=6 (2062 words)

	Bingham Genealogy - Bingham ancestors
		They ended up 150 miles north of Winter Quarters, at Swift River [Running Water], where they wintered with the Ponca Indians, living in their wagons and a wickiup the friendly Indians provided for them.
		In March 1851, they were called to go with a company of Saints to help establish the settlement of San Bernardino, California where they remained until the spring of 1855, returning to their former home in Ogden.
		In the spring of 1856 her husband was called on a mission to the Salmon River Indians where he served two years and during this time she was left with the responsibility of caring for their three children.
	www.familyhistorypages.com /Bingham.htm (8476 words)

	Omaha-Ponca Language (Umonhon, Cegiha, Dhegiha)
		Article on the history and culture of the Northern and Southern Ponca tribes.
		Article from the Encyclopedia of North American Indians on the influential LaFlesche family of Omaha Indians.
		Narrative history of the Ponca tribe for sale online.
	www.native-languages.org /omaha-ponca.htm (259 words)

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