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	Pontefract - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pontefract suffered throughout the English Civil War, the castle had been noted by Cromwell to be "...one of the strongest inland garrisons in the kingdom." However, three sieges by the Parliamentarians had left the town impoverished and depopulated.
		Pontefract has a park with a racecourse on the outskirts of town, whilst nearer to the town centre are the very pretty Valley Gardens, with a love garden, an aviary, and a fine avenue of flowering cherry trees, well worth visiting in the springtime.
		Pontefract is also home to All Saints Church which today is sited in the ruins of the original church, the latter being destroyed during the three sieges of Pontefract Castle during the civil war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pontefract (850 words)

	Pontefract Castle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pontefract Castle in West Yorkshire near to the town of Pontefract, was constructed in approximately 1070 by a knight, Ilbert de Lacy (who is also responsible for the construction of Kirkstall Abbey), on land which had been granted to him by William the Conqueror as a reward for his support during the Norman conquests.
		The de Lacys lived in the castle until the start of the next century, when Robert de Lacy failed to support Henry I of England during his power struggle with his brother and confiscated the castle from the family.
		The castle has been a ruin since 1644 when it held as a Royalist stronghold during the English Civil War and besieged at least three times by Parliamentarian; the last of which was responsible for the castle's present dilapidated state and many of its scars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pontefract_Castle (406 words)

	Pontefract Castle in West Yorkshire
		Pontefract Castle thus became a Royal Castle when Henry's claim to the throne was confirmed by Parliament and he became King Henry IV in October 1399.
		The Castle itself was further modified and strengthened by the Lancastrian Kings throughout the 14th and 15th centuries until it became one of the foremost royal castles in the North of England.
		The castle was used to house important prisoners and during the Wars of the Roses it was used as a Lancastrian stronghold when in 1460 the Lancastrian Army came from Pontefract to the Battle of Wakefield.
	www.knottingley.org /history/ponte_castle.htm (872 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Yorkshire's Castles: Pontefract Castle - A2350108
		The main entrance to the castle was from the west side of the castle from the town of Pontefract.
		This was not actually situated on the castle's curtain wall, although a stretch of wall led from the bailey's curtain wall to the Swillington tower, which stood alone 30 metres down the hill from the rest of the castle.
		Pontefract was given to Ilbert de Lacy in 1076 and by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086 the early, wooden motte-and-bailey castle had been constructed.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/alabaster/A2350108 (3974 words)

	GENUKI: Pontefract Parish information from Pigot's 1829.
		The scene of this bloodshed was the celebrated castle of Pontefract, which was built about the year 1078 or 1080; it was situated on an elevated rock, commanding extensive views of the surrounding scenery, and affording to the town, from its strength, every protection during the time of the civil wars.
		Pontefract was a burgh in the time of Edward the Confessor, from which period it, has sent two members to parliament.
		Pontefract never has been noted as a manufacturing town, but it possesses an excellent local trade, which is much advanced by the highly respectable neighbourhood, being studded with many fine seats of nobles, and numerous mansions of opulent individuals.
	www.genuki.org.uk:8080 /big/eng/YKS/WRY/Pontefract/Pontefract29.html (839 words)

	Pontefract
		The population of Pontefract is now about 35,000 and the attraction of this historic town continues to draw visitors from the surrounding area especially on market days and due to its variety of attractions within the local vacinity.
		Pontefract Castle later passed into royal ownership and this stimulated the growth of the existing settlements of Kirby and Tanshelf on either side of the Castle.
		Pontefract Castle was a focal point for the Pilgramage of Grace, the revolt of the northern counties against Henry VIII's religious changes and economic impositions.
	www.btinternet.com /~AlanLee/ponte.htm (751 words)

	The Duchy of Lancaster - Yorkshire
		During the Middle Ages Pontefract was an important town, and Pontefract Castle one of the greatest fortresses in England.
		The castle, originally built in the late eleventh century by Illbert de Lacy, was inherited by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, in 1311 on the death of his father-in-law, Henry Lacy.
		Tickhill Castle is an ancient Norman motte and bailey fortress in the village of Tickhill near Doncaster.
	www.duchyoflancaster.org.uk /output/page32.asp (955 words)

	GENUKI: Pontefract Parish information from National Gazetteer 1868.
		The history of Pontefract Castle, is, perhaps, one of the most interesting on record, as having been the scene of more stirring and important historical events than any other similar edifice in England.
		The population of Pontefract in 1851 was 5,100, with 1,069 inhabited houses, which in 1861 had increased to 5,346, with 1,122 inhabited houses; the parliamentary limits, however, are much more extensive, including in 1851 a population of 11,515, which had increased in 1861 to 11,736.
		It is a station on the Pontefract and Goole branch of the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway.
	www.genuki.org.uk:8080 /big/eng/YKS/WRY/Pontefract/Pontefract68.html (1447 words)

	channel4.com - Castle
		Castle is held by the de Lacy family.
		The castle, however, is returned to Thomas's brother, Henry, after the king's death in 1327.
		Castle remains in the possession of the house of Lancaster.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/C/castle/pon_tlin.html (223 words)

	Pomfret Gallery - Pontefract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Pontefract has a racecourse adjacent to the park and meetings are held regularly during the summer months.
		Pontefract is known as the Liquorice capital of Britain and since 1284 has played an important part in the town.
		Pontefract is also mentioned in works by several well known writers including the poem by Sir John Betjeman "The Liquorice Fields at Pontefract" and William Shakespeare who wrote of Richard II who was killed in "The bloody prison" in Pontefract Castle.
	www.pomfretgallery.com /pontefract.html (191 words)

	:: Pontefract Liquorice :: One to One Productions :: Pontefract Liquorice Town ::
		After a trip around the historice town of Pontefract a stroll around the castle and a look at the Buttercross, a cup of tea and a bite to eat may be in order in the pretty environment of Cromwell's Tea Rooms.
		In the Middle Ages, Pontefract Castle was one of the most important fortresses in the country.
		It became a royal castle in 1399, upon the accession of Henry Bolinbroke to the throne.
	www.one2one-connected.com /liquorice/locations.htm (375 words)

	England P2
		Cambridge Castle was built in 1068 to monitor the main routes into the city from the north and the river crossing.
		For almost 200 years the castle remained an earth and timber structure - until the first stone castle was built by Edward I between 1285 and 1299 - but none of these stone buildings now survives.
		The town's castle, where Richard II was jailed in 1399, was once one of the most impressive in England before it reduced to rubble during the Civil War.
	www.castlestudiesgroup.org.uk /page25.html (1605 words)

	Pontefract Castle "Bloody Pomfret" Leeds West Yorkshire England English
		Pontefract Castle is a notorious 12th century stone motte and bailey fortress, the place where King Richard ll languished until his suspicious death.
		This noble Plantagenet castle stands high on a ridge, with a great ditch, barbican and two stone walled outer baileys but sadly nowhere better can be seen the results of Civil War slighting.
		The motte was encased, with a cluster of drum towers to form a large and powerful keep, with the inner bailey curtain wall flanked by seven large square towers, a twin-towered gatehouse and a 15th century detached tower at the bottom of the scarp.
	www.castleuk.net /castle_lists_north/105/pontefractcastle.htm (185 words)

	Calderdale History Halifax to Pontefract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Pontefract was originally called Taddensclyff - a shelf of land belonging to an Anglo-Saxon called Taedden, but it was later rnamed Kirkby by the Vikings, meaning the village with a church.
		Pontefract Castle was built in the 12th century by Ilbert de Lacy, whose grandson, also called Ilbert de Lacy founded Kirkstall Abbey near Leeds.
		The castle later passed into the hands of the Earls of Lancaster, whose numbers included Thomas, who was brought here after a battle at Boroughbridge and beheaded in 1322.
	www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk /Calderdale.htm (1982 words)

	Pontefract (The Tudors)
		Pontefract Castle is still the property of the Duchy of Lancaster.
		The castle was re-equipped after the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536 making it an important northern arsenal and substantial repairs had to be made at various times later in the century.
		Pontefract New Hall was built in 1591 by Edward, Lord Talbot using stone recovered from the priory of St John which lay at the foot of the hill close to where New Hall was built.
	www.arch.wyjs.org.uk /AdvSrv/Tudorweb/Pontefract.html (901 words)

	detectorpro.co.uk/localhistory01.
		The ruins left of Pontefract Castle, today, although far better than the neighbouring Sandal Castle at Wakefield, are a far cry from the impressive castle that stood until the mid 17th century.
		The castle was further strengthened by the Lancastrian Kings throughout the 14th and 15th centuries, and became one of the most powerful Royal Castles in England.
		The castle fell into disuse in the 16th century, until the start of the Civil War, where it was held for the King and suffered three sieges in 1644, 1645 and 1648.
	www.detectorpro.co.uk /lochist01.htm (793 words)

	Hissem_Baron's of Halton
		The Constable of Chester, Justicar of England, and Baron of Pontefract.
		A famous and infamous castle in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it was one of the most important fortresses in the county.
		The first earth and timber Motte and Bailey castle at Pontefract was built by Ilbert de Lacey in the late 1080’s and was the administrative center of the Honor of Pontefract.
	balder.prohosting.com /shissem/Hissem_Halton.html (1165 words)

	channel4.com - Castle - text only
		Castle founded by Ilbert de Lacy, one of the followers William the Conqueror.
		The acquisition of the castle strengthens his hand against his chief political opponent, Edward II.
		Pontefract castle is demolished on the orders of Parliament.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/C/castle/pon_tlin_t.html (223 words)

	Kenilworth Castle
		In contemplating the bold fragments and shattered ruins of this castle, and reflecting on the scenes of warfare and rude pageantry which have prevailed here at different and distant ages, the mind is at once fully occupied and delighted.
		The castle then became the property of the king, who, when he saw dangers thickening around him, sent orders to the constable to keep a sufficient garrison in the castle, intending to retire thither in the worst emergency of his fortunes.
		The king's eldest son, Henry, took a fancy to the castle "as the most noble and magnificent thing in the midland parts of this realm;" yet, with that gentlemanly feeling for which he has obtained much praise, was unwilling to occupy the premises without something like compensation to the ejected owner.
	www.history.rochester.edu /pennymag/213/castle.htm (4890 words)

	Sandal Castle Main (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The expansion and rebuilding of the castle in stone were carried out by John, the 7th Earl de Warenne from 1240.
		By 1564 the castle was already in a poor state of repair and was well into decline before the Civil War once again brought it into service.
		In 1912, the castle was leased to Wakefield Corporation and was subsequently bought by the City in 1954.
	www.overtown.sgt.btinternet.co.uk /Sandal/sandal-castle-main.htm (712 words)

	CastleXplorer - Flint Castle
		Flint was the first great castle built for Edward I during his campaigns to defeat Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and subdue the Welsh.
		The castle was built on land next to the Dee estuary between 1277 and 1284.
		It was at Flint Castle in August 1399 that King Richard II was captured by Henry of Bolingbroke and forced to return to London and abdicate in favour of Henry who became King Henry IV, while Richard was eventually taken to Pontefract Castle in Yorkshire where he died in custody.
	www.castlexplorer.co.uk /wales/flint/flint.php (153 words)

	The Stables Families of Pontefract
		In the 1400s, Pontefract Castle became part of the Duchy of Lancaster and when they became Kings of England, the Castle became the most important Royal Castle in the North of England.
		The Castle came under siege again in 1645, when the Royalist troops were starved into submission, and again in 1648, when the castle was re-captured by the Royalists.
		To the poor of St. Nicholas Hospital in Pontefract 20 shillings a year to be paid every Christmas to be taken from the interest on a legacy of £60 left to him by his dear father.
	stableshistory.co.uk /pontefract.htm (1200 words)

	Essay or Coursework - Was Pontefract Castle Once ‘the Greatest Castle In the North'?
		Pontefract Castle's defences were not put to any serious test until the Castle was held by Royalists during the civil war.
		'(The Castle) is very well known as one of the strongest inland garrisons in the Kingdom, well watered, situated on rock in every part of it, and therefore very difficult to mine.
		Although the Piper Tower fell on the 19th January the bombardment failed to reduce the Castle's defences and the bombardment therefore stopped on the 21at January.
	www.coursework.info /i/7141.html (533 words)

	Medieval Kings
		Hundreds of private castles were built during his reign, and a breakdown of royal authority occurred.
		Henry found that royal castles were outnumbered by baronial castles 5 to 1 and seized every castle in England.
		He was the master of nearly 60 castles during his reign and introduced advance design and improvement for castle gatehouses.
	www.castles-of-britain.com /castlesx.htm (1257 words)

	BBC - Bradford and West Yorkshire - 360º - Pontefract Castle
		Pontefract Castle provides a quiet retreat in the town centre but it was not always so peaceful.
		Reduced to ruins in 1649 because it supported the losing side in the English Civil War it was once a royal castle.
		Once upon a time Pontefract was a great royal castle.
	www.bbc.co.uk /bradford/360/version2_pontefract_castle.shtml (210 words)

	Barbican, Pontefract Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This section of the right of way known as the Castle Chain was once the Barbican, a strongly fortified outer gateway to the castle.
		Held prisoner in his own castle, Thomas was sentenced to public execution by the king himself.
		Meanwhile one of the men that Thomas called to arms, Robert Hode of Wakefield, was apparently punished for his part in the rebellion by having his house and possessions confiscated.
	www.wildyorkshire.co.uk /naturediary/docs/pontour1.html (249 words)

	The Manor of Stanbury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The lands of the manor of Stanbury had an early strategic importance owed to its location astride the east-west route between the old castles of Clitheroe and Pontefract, key elements in the pacification of the north enforced by William the Conqueror, and influential factors throughout the turbulence of the mediaeval centuries.
		Thomas rebelled, was defeated by the King at Boroughbridge, and was beheaded at Pontefract in 1322.
		The eldest son of John of Gaunt usurped the throne from Richard II (murdered at Pontefract Castle) and reigned as Henry IV, the House of Lancaster then remaining in power until replaced by Edward IV of the House of York.
	www.baronage.co.uk /2003a/stanbury.html (833 words)

	Shillito FHS
		Gervase was Mayor of Pontefract from September 1644 and was in Pontefract Castle from the beginning of the first seige of the Castle during the Civil War on Christmas Day of 1644.
		Gervase was buried at Pontefract on 30 Jan 1661/2, the parish register of St Giles records that he was buried "in the church".
		George was bapt 25 Feb 1615 at St Giles, Pontefract and married Thomasina the dau of Richard Stables of Tanshelfe, Tanner.
	www.shillitoe.co.uk /page6a.htm (1912 words)

	Die Geschichte von HARIBO - Die ersten Jahre
		The town of Pontefract was the last royalist stronghold, just five years later it too fell to the soldiers of the Lord Protector.
		Nothing really, but then again a great deal because Pontefract, a small town fifteen miles south-east of Leeds, was one of the most important liquorice cultivation areas in England.
		The famous Pontefract cakes, also known as pomfrets, were born in 1614 when Sir George Saville first applied a stamp to the small, round liquorice cakes.
	www.haribo.com /planet/uk/info/main/dunhills/dunhills.html (431 words)

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