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Topic: Pontiac Uprising

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Chief Pontiac

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French and Indian War

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Proclamation of 1763

Cherry Valley massacre

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	Chief Pontiac - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pontiac or Obwandiyag (between 1712 and 1725 – April 20, 1769), was a Native American Ottawa war leader, remembered for his participation in Pontiac's Rebellion, a struggle against the British military occupation of the Great Lakes region that for many years he was credited with having led.
		Pontiac was labeled the "chief" of the Ottawas by his white contemporaries and subsequent historians; modern historians believe that the Ottawas did not have an overall chief in Pontiac's time, and that American Indian leaders did not issue commands with the authority that Pontiac was traditionally portrayed as having.
		Pontiac was a primarily a local leader during the war that bears his name, and although he sent emissaries to other Indian nations encouraging them to resist, his efforts were mostly concentrated on the (ultimately unsuccessful) attempt to capture Fort Detroit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chief_Pontiac (1269 words)

	Pontiac's Rebellion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pontiac's Rebellion was a war launched in 1763 by North American Indians who were dissatisfied with British rule in the Great Lakes region and the Ohio Country after the British victory in the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War (1754–1763).
		The uprising was the first extensive multi-tribal resistance to European colonization in North America, and the first war between Europeans and American Indians that did not end in complete defeat for the Indians.
		This discontent was manifest most seriously in an uprising led by a vigilante group that came to be known as the Paxton Boys, so-called because they were primarily from the area around the Pennsylvania village of Paxtang (Paxton).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pontiac's_Rebellion (5736 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Pontiac's Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		PONTIAC'S REBELLION [Pontiac's Rebellion] Pontiac's Conspiracy, or Pontiac's War, 1763-66, Native American uprising against the British just after the close of the French and Indian Wars, so called after one of its leaders, Pontiac.
		Pontiac's scheme was to gain admission to the garrison for himself and some of his chiefs by asking for a council with the commandant, but the Native Americans, who would be carrying weapons, were then to open a surprise attack.
		In an attempt by the British to surprise Pontiac's camp, the battle of Bloody Run was fought on July 31, 1763, with great loss to the British.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Pontiacs.asp (735 words)

	Pontiac Parts - Pontiac Accessories - Pontiac Parts Illustrations
		Pontiac is a marque of automobile produced by General Motors and sold in the United States, Canada and Mexico from 1926 to the present.
		The non-traditional Pontiac V8 was the 301 and the smaller displacement 265 in³.
		Pontiac engines were not available in Canada, however, but were replaced with Chevrolet engines of similar size and power, resulting in such interesting and unusual (at least to American car fans) models as the Beaumont SD-396 with a Chevrolet big-block 396 in³ V8.
	pontiac-parts-for-less.com (1819 words)

	Pontiac (Native American chief) - MSN Encarta
		Pontiac (Native American chief) (1720?-1769), chief of the Ottawa people and leader of the confederate tribes of the Ohio Valley and Lake Region against the British in 1763-1765.
		Pontiac himself was to lead the assault at Detroit.
		Pontiac thereupon raised the siege and on August 17, 1765, entered into a formal peace treaty, which he confirmed at Oswego in 1766.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569237/Pontiac_(Native_American_chief).html (334 words)

	Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		PONTIAC (also spelled Pontiak, Ponteack, or Pontiague by the English in the 18th century, and Pondiac, Pondiak, or Pondiag by the French; called Obwandiyag in the Ottawa tradition of the 19th century), war chief of the Ottawas from Detroit; b.
		Pontiac stipulated as one condition for peace that the British should not consider that the surrender of the French forts gave them the right to own the whole country and to colonize it: the French had settled among the Indians only as tenants, and not as owners.
		Pontiac and Croghan went to Detroit to have the agreement ratified by a gathering of Ottawas, Ojibwas, Hurons, and Potawatomis.
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=35719 (5294 words)

	hist1030
		Pontiac was probably born along the Maumee River in northern Ohio of an Ottawa father and a Chippewa mother.
		Pontiac held no hereditary chieftainship among the Ottawas, but by about 1760, his oratorical skills and reputed courage as a warrior had raised him to leadership.
		Pontiac's plan was betrayed to the commander of the British fort at Detroit by an Ojibwa woman named Catherine.
	nativenewsonline.org /history/hist1030.html (2778 words)

	A Most Troublesome Situation Pontiac Uprising - Lord Nelson's Bookstore
		The British Military and the Pontiac Uprising of 1763-1764
		Pontiac’s Uprising, or Pontiac’s Conspiracy, of 1763, named after the Ottawa chief generally recognized as one of its main catalysts, was the violent, sometimes horrifying tribal reaction in 1763 against two short years of controversial British military rule.
		There was legitimacy to the positions of both the British and the Indians, but it was also a brutal war in which both committed extreme, and sometimes unnecessary, acts of violence.
	www.lordnelsons.com /bookstore/130.htm (320 words)

	NATIVE AMERICAN WAYS
		Pontiac, to be sure, did not know that the struggle between the French and the British was already over.
		This was particularly frustrating for Pontiac, since the Illini were reluctant to commit warriors to his fight which were needed to defend themselves from neighboring tribes.
		Pontiac's differences with the Illini only worsened after his move to northern Illinois, and there were more bitter arguments with them at councils held during 1768.
	legendarysurfers.com /naw/blog/2005/11/more-on-pontiac.html (1709 words)

	Chief Pontiac's siege of Detroit
		Pontiac was a powerful orator as well as warrior, and possessed a keen intelligence and skill as a strategist.
		Pontiac won their support, paying them with promissory notes written on birchbark and signed with his totem, the otter.
		Pontiac, a heroic warrior who united previously feuding tribes in an unprecedented resistance to the men who would change their way of life and the face of their land forever, left a legacy of courage and honor.
	info.detnews.com /history/story/index.cfm?id=180&category=events (3158 words)

	History in Review - Never Come to Peace Again, by David Dixon
		Pontiac's Uprising and the Fate of the British Empire in North America
		In addition to exploring the actual events surrounding the uprising, Dixon also examines the effect that the uprising had on the potency of the British forces and the long ranging impact that the uprising had on the course and eventual outcome of the American Revolution.
		Pontiac was an Ottawa chief who led a confederation of tribes that consisted of the Chippewa, Delaware, Huron, Miami, Ottawa, Potawatomie, Seneca, and other tribes that joined together in rebellion against the British.
	www.largeprintreviews.com /neverco.html (560 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Pontiac's Rebellion
		As the year wore on, Pontiac was unable to hold onto his allies as they melted away to their traditional winter lands.
		While Pontiac was ultimately unsuccessful in throwing off the yoke of British rule, his military successes made clear to the British that the First Nations were a force to be reckoned with in North America.
		The sieges of Detroit and Michilimackinac during the Pontiac Uprising are the backdrop of the novel Wacousta by Maj.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/hub/A2268588 (814 words)

	Canku Ota - July 15, 2000 - The Rest of the Story
		Pontiac is best known today as a car, a stadium or a city in Michigan.
		Pontiac and the Ottawas were joined by the Hurons, Miamis, Delawares, Chippewas, Kickapoos, Shawnees, Potawotomis, Senecas and other tribes.
		Pontiac kept his own siege on Fort Detroit for six months but his prestige began to wane.The movement crumbled and Pontiac agreed to peace with the British in 1765.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues00/Co07152000/CO_07152000_Pontiac.htm (712 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Conquerors: A Narrative: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In actuality, Pontiac was not so much the leader as the initial inspiration for a frontier-wide attempt by the Great Lakes Indians to rise up and overthrow their British conquerors and restore their French allies to control of the lands west of the Alleghenies.
		The uprising was a result of agressive and arrogant British policies toward the Indians, whom the British commander-in-chief Jeffery Amherst viewed as a dangerous and barbaric race that deserved to be exterminated.
		Pontiac's uprising was one of the largest and nearly successful Indian rebellions in North American history, with the Indians for a time controlling nearly all the forts in the Northwest territory and laying seige to Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1931672075 (700 words)

	Pontiac and the Indian Uprising - Howard H. Peckham
		First published in 1947, Pontiac and the Indian Uprising is a product of his time; it is both informative and reflective of the attitudes that existed fifty years ago about Native Americans.
		Howard Peckham examines how Pontiac was able to lead four tribes to war and inspire the revolt of many more.
		This comprehensive investigation of Pontiac's life was difficult because, unable to write, he left no collection of papers.
	wsupress.wayne.edu /glb/mihistory/peckhampiu.htm (167 words)

	Pontiac - get information about the make and the models, including Solstice, Grand Prix, Torrent and Vibe by CarSeek.com
		Introduced by General Motors in 1926 as the companion marque to their Oakland Motor Car line, the Pontiac name was actually first used twenty years prior by the Pontiac Spring and Wagon Works, and linked to Chief Pontiac, who had led an uprising against the British shortly after the French and Indian War.
		In 1908, Pontiac and the Oakland Motor Company decided to merge under the name of the Oakland Motor Car Company, and their operations were joined in Pontiac, Michigan, to build the Cartercar.
		The first General Motors Pontiac was conceived as an affordable six-cylinder that was intended to compete with more inexpensive four-cylinder models, and it was outselling Oakland within months of its introduction.
	www.carseek.com /reviews/pontiac (297 words)

	Is Jesus Christ Your King?
		I think Pontiac was an effective leader and he was what we would expect in a sacred king, or queen for that matter, because he was more concerned about the welfare of his people than his personal comfort.
		Pontiac, however, refused to be compromised by these overtures because he saw that his people were in jeopardy.
		Pontiac was able to do that because he had a vision, a vision of a pan-Indian nation, which he effectively communicated.
	www.seekerschurch.org /sermons/20021124.htm (1794 words)

	Pontiac's Rebellion
		A plot to take over Fort Detroit by subterfuge was foiled, but Pontiac led an attack against that installation in May and set up a siege.
		One of the prime results of Pontiac's Rebellion was the decision of British policymakers to issue the Proclamation of 1763, a measure designed to shut down white settlement of the West until organizational reforms could be effected.
		The incidents called "Pontiac's Rebellion" were only part of a 40-year period of resistance to the British imposition on tribal autonomy.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h598.html (1012 words)

	The British Military and the Pontiac Indian Uprising of 1763-64
		The British Military and the Pontiac Indian Uprising of 1763-64
		This new book on the Pontiac Uprising uses numerious excerpts from period accounts to retell this important story.
		The Words of the British officers and soldiers caught up in the battle, as well as those of French habitants and some of the Indians themselves, reveal that dedication and deceit, as well as heroism and treachery, could be found on both sides of the conflict.
	www.paramountpress.com /brmiandpoinu.html (97 words)

	Michigan Historical Marker: Chief Pontiac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A friend of the French, Pontiac was angered by the British rule which began in 1760, and plotted its overthrow.
		In 1763 he led the Indians of the area in an attack on Detroit while other tribes, who were inspired by him, rose against the British in the West and overwhelmed every fort save Fort Pitt and Niagara.
		In 1769 Pontiac was killed by another Indian in Illinois.
	www.michmarkers.com /Pages/S0177.htm (129 words)

	British Colonialism
		In early 1763, the Ottawa Indian chief Pontiac formed an alliance of Indian tribes, including the Chippewa, Potawatomi and Ottawa, to fight the British.
		Pontiac then traveled to Illinois and tried to get support from the Illiniwek to continue the battle against the British.
		Many of the tribes who were enemies of the Illiniwek sought to avenge Pontiac's death.
	www.educonnect.com /keyil/british.htm (678 words)

	Ouiatenon History
		His confederation of tribes attacked 12 frontier posts and successfully captured eight of them, including Ouiatenon, which fell without a shot on June 1, 1763, when a group of braves simply walked in and took Lieutenant Jenkins and his few men as prisoners.
		Thanks to the intervention of two French fur traders who lived at the post, Jenkins and his men were not killed but were later released in an exchange of prisoners at Detroit.
		"Pontiac's Uprising" came to an end as a result of a meeting at Fort Ouiatenon.
	www.tcha.mus.in.us /forthistory.htm (963 words)

	H-Net Review: Michelle LeMaster on War under Heaven: Pontiac, the Indian Nations, and the British Empire
		Just because the British were not yet encroaching on the lands of western tribes, like Pontiac's Ottawas, did not mean that the Ottawas and their allies could not see the handwriting on the wall.
		While clearly not a paramount chief, Pontiac, as a respected civil chief and religious leader, enjoyed significant influence among the tribes of the Old Northwest, and was a prime mover and shaker in the revolt against English assumptions of authority.
		Pontiac himself may have lived in Fort Duquesne or a nearby Delaware town during the French and Indian War and had personal contact with Delawares and Neolin's teachings.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=150951117651146 (1626 words)

	[No title]
		Native American tribes staged an uprising under Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, during the spring of 1763.
		The Native Americans were tired of the British breaking promises to keep European settlers out of their territories west of the Alleghenies.
		The uprising was well-organized and forts from Michigan to Pennsylvania fell to their attacks.
	people.delphiforums.com /MCCONAUGHY/bushyrun/bushyrun.htm (494 words)

	Illinois State Historical Markers: Pontiac Peace Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A few miles west of here on July 18, 1765, Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, and George Croghan, British representative, met in a formal peace council which ended the most threatening Indian uprising against the British in North America.
		Pontiac held his followers to a six months' siege of Detroit which was remarkable as warriors preferred active combat.
		Pontiac was assassinated in Cahokia, Illinois, April, 1769 by a Peoria Indian.
	www.historyillinois.org /frames/markers/255.htm (280 words)

	Digital History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pontiac's alliance attacked forts in Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin that Britain had taken over from the French, destroying all but three.
		Pontiac's forces then moved eastward, attacking settlements in western Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, killing more than 2000 colonists.
		Teedyuscung, a leader of the Delawares who is mentioned in the letter, originally sided with the French during the French and Indian War.
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=246 (472 words)

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