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	The anti-Poor Law campaign
		The main demands for a reform of the poor laws came from landowners in rural south where poverty was at its worst.
		Edwin Chadwick, the Secretary to the Poor Law Commission, believed that the most pauperised areas — the rural south and midlands — should have been left alone until after the law had been implemented in the north.
		In Bradford the Poor Law Guardians had to be protected by troops when rioting broke out; the Huddersfield Guardians defied the law for over a year and at Todmorden, John and Joseph Fielden led a rate-revolt.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/poorlaw/antipoor.html (1448 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: English Poor Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		For nearly three centuries, the Poor Law constituted "a welfare state in miniature," relieving the elderly, widows, children, the sick, the disabled, and the unemployed and underemployed (Blaug 1964).
		Despite the important role played by poor relief during the interwar period, the government continued to adopt policies, which bypassed the Poor Law and left it "to die by attrition and surgical removals of essential organs" (Lees 1998).
		The Local Government Act of 1929 abolished the Poor Law unions, and transferred the administration of poor relief to the counties and county boroughs.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/boyer.poor.laws.england (4683 words)

	The Poor Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The history of the poor laws is conveniently divided into the Old Poor Law — crystallised in the 1601 Act for the Relief of the Poor, and the New Poor Law — heralded by the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834.
		The New Poor Law, based on the new administrative unit of the Poor Law Union, aimed to introduce a rigorously implemented, centrally enforced, standard system that was to be imposed on all and which centred on the workhouse.
		One important and complex piece of poor law legislation which originated in 1662, and which did not finally disappear until 1948, was the Settlement Act.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~peter/workhouse/poorlaws/poorlaws.html (6660 words)

	poor law
		The care of the poor was transferred to the Ministry of Health in 1919, but the poor law remained in force until 1929.
		The 1601 Poor Relief Act did not end poverty, but it remained the basis of England's poor law system for two centuries, and supplied for the first time a basic ‘safety-net’ for some of those who had fallen on hard times.
		The poor law system certainly prevented many families from starving in times of poor harvests, and outdoor relief was well suited to the industrial regions of the north, where unemployment fluctuated according to the trade cycle, and an economic depression might throw a large number of people out of work for a short time.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0012524.html (805 words)

	POOR LAW - Online Information article about POOR LAW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The poor law is not only the creation of statutes passed by parliament; it is also controlled by the subordinate jurisdiction of the local government board, which in virtue of various acts has the power to issue orders.
		The various officers of the union, from the medical officers to workhouse porters, including masters and matrons of workhouses, are generally appointed by the guardians, and the areas, duties and salaries of all the paid officers may be prescribed by the local government board.
		A settlement is the right acquired in any one of the modes pointed out by the poor laws to become a recipient of the benefit of those laws in that parish or place where the right has been last acquired.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /POL_PRE/POOR_LAW.html (8440 words)

	The Poor Law Amendment Act, 1834
		The 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act led to immediate and visible economies and a rapid fall in the cost of relief in most areas because conditions deliberately were made harsh.
		The 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act was ruthlessly and efficiently enforced in rural southern England as soon as it was passed, and was exceedingly unpopular.
		The 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act was one of the causes of northern Chartism.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/terrace/adw03/peel/poorlaw/poorlaw.htm (1490 words)

	GENUKI: Lincolnshire Poor Law History
		Much of this was codified into the Poor Law Act of 1597, which defined an ecclesiastical parish as the base unit for administration and care of the poor.
		In the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act, the previous system of parish poor relief was changed to one where several parishes were grouped together (for economy of scale) to form what was called a union.
		The Poor Law was gradually dismantled by social legislation of the 20th century (see Time Line).
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/eng/LIN/poorlawhist.html (1509 words)

	The Poor Law
		The Poor Law came into effect in 1601 and was administered by the Overseers of the Poor, or Parish Officers.
		Poor law relief could take the form of money, food, clothing, medical assistance, or be the provision of shelter and/or work.
		All important decisions affecting the parish, especially those involving the operation of the Poor Law, were made either at an open Vestry meeting which allowed for parish ratepayers to attend, or a closed Vestry meeting with a small number of men, including the Parish Officers.
	www.gmcro.co.uk /poor_law_records.htm (1996 words)

	Poor Law
		From medieval times caring for the poor was the role of the parish authorities, but by the 19th century this was an increasing expensive task.
		In 1861 the growth of Birkenhead led to the instigation of the Birkenhead Union, with the workhouse opening in 1863 in Derby Road, Tranmere and was later to become part of St Catherine’s Hospital.
		In 1930 the administration of the poor laws passed to the local councils, with many of the workhouses converting to hospitals at the formation of the National Health Service in 1948.
	www.wirral-libraries.net /archives/poor_law.htm (401 words)

	Poor law
		In 1834 an amendment to the poor Law was passed.
		The law also provided for workhouses to be built in every parish, or under the aegis of a union of smaller parishes.
		Some of the guardians were favourable to the new system and felt that the local magistrates (as ex officio members of the board) were too sympathetic towards the anti-Poor Law faction and were failing to use their influence to control them or to protect the board from the threat of mob violence.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /publichealth/poorlawamendmentact.htm (1074 words)

	A Short Explanation of the English Poor Law
		This posed a threat to the stability of the realm and with this view a series Elizabethan poor law acts were passed in 1563, 1572, 1576, 1597 and 1601.
		The act of 1572 introduced the first compulsory poor local poor law tax, an important step acknowledging that alleviating poverty was the responsibility of local communities, in 1576 the concept of the workhouse was born and in 1597 the post of overseer of the poor was created.
		Issued by the church wardens and overseers of the poor this order would be implemented by the parish constable and in default a warrant was frequently issued and his possessions could be sold towards the debt.
	www.mdlp.co.uk /resources/general/poor_law.htm (2309 words)

	The Poor Law
		A series of laws was introduced by the English Parliament in 1563, 1572, 1576, 1597 culminating in the 1601 Poor Law.
		The punishment of the 'poor beggars' was that they would be beaten until they reached the stones that marked the town parish boundary.
		The Law stated that charity for the relief of the poor should be collected weekly by assigned collectors.
	www.elizabethan-era.org.uk /the-poor-law.htm (1312 words)

	Poor Law Infirmaries
		The poor but destitute had a second and traditional claim to relief under the poor law, dating back to the 43rd Act of the reign of Elizabeth.
		His relocation was costly and the Poor Law Board had to seek special Treasury sanction for the reimbursement of the cost of moving him, his family, his furniture and his five servants to his new house in Onslow Square.35 Markham had been the editor of the British Medical Journal.
		The Poor Law Board’s circular Points to be attended to in the construction of workhouses was modified by the architects to the Local Government Board over the next 30 years and determined the form and content of infirmaries in one of the most active periods of hospital building London has seen.
	www.nhshistory.net /poor_law_infirmaries.htm (8156 words)

	Vegas Law - Las Vegas Accident - Accident In Las Vegas
		Also, there were many recent changes in Nevada malpractice law due to a new statute which limited certain damages available to injured patients and affected filing procedures and deadlines.
		This is an area of law where it is usually critical to contact a Las Vegas Medical Malpractice Lawyer early in order to maximize your recovery if you were injured by a negligent doctor, nurse, hospital, pharmacy or any other medical provider in Nevada.
		Any laws, rules or statutes giving any information, restrictions or deadlines, are always subject to change at any time - Contact a local attorney to obtain the current status of such information.
	www.vegaslaw.org /types.html (2725 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		I could only guarantee that whatever the current state of the art of Poor Law scholarship that there would be no "truth" that would emerge, just a number of competing positions marshalling various facts to support their contentions.
		The Poor Law revolution by legislation sought by the latter largely failed, especially in its principle object of ending outdoor relief.
		Subject: Re: Poor Laws As anyone must know who has looked at this debate from multiple Victorian viewpoints (as opposed to multiple viewpoints that compare the present-day controversy to that of the nineteenth century), the Poor Law Amendment of 1834 grew out of a vast and confusing eighteenth-century fuss over all kinds of things.
	www.utm.edu /research/nvsa/poorlaw.465 (1890 words)

	Mike Royden's Local History Pages The 19th Century Poor Law in Liverpool and its Hinterland: Towards the Origins of the ...
		During the early 19th century, the Poor Law was often heavily criticised for its leniency and was said to discourage the unemployed from seeking work, while at the same time placing an enormous burden upon the ratepayer.
		The seeds of the Poor Law are in the Elizabethan desire to remove vagrants and beggars from the streets and to introduce an legislative framework to deal with the growing problem of the poor.
		The poor rate was reduced by a third, especially now that the poor were suffering the workhouse test and there was strict application of the law; - for example, there would be no relief for the outdoor poor, unless a written order was given by the mayor or a Justice of the Peace.
	www.btinternet.com /~m.royden/mrlhp/local/poorlaw/poorlaw.htm (7086 words)

	1834 Poor Law
		As a result, the Poor Law Amendment Act was passed.
		(e) the three man Central Poor Law Commission would be appointed by the government and would be responsible for supervising the Amendment Act throughout the country.
		She stood for election as Poor Law Guardian, and became one of the first women in the country to be Guardian and Rural District Councillor.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /Lpoor1834.htm (1635 words)

	The New Poor Law - 1834 - Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In 1834 the New Poor Law was enacted which joined together about six Parishes into a Union for the administration of the measures to deal with the poor under the national leadership of the Poor Law Commissioners.
		A system of out-relief was abolished which had kept the poor in their own communities (with a few exceptions).
		The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1844 allowed for Unmarried mothers to go to Petty Sessions for claims against the child's father.
	freespace.virgin.net /owston.tj/newpoor.htm (445 words)

	Law Firm Web Marketing - Legal web site promotion techniques search engine & directory strategies
		If there is little of interest to the clients on the site, clients won’t visit very much.
		If clients don’t visit, lawyers see no reason to market their Web sites, and might even be ashamed of the site, since it is a poor reflection of the depth of their expertise.
		Sometimes attorneys do not even make elementary efforts to ensure their sites appear prominently in search engines or are updated regularly.
	www.lawwebmarketing.com (725 words)

	Poor Law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		5 The Poor Laws in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales
		Before the English Reformation it was considered a Christian duty to care for the poor.
		The poor were grouped for the first time into the impotent poor, idle poor and able-bodied poor (unemployed).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poor_law (848 words)

	Poor Law Records
		A series of Parliamentary Acts which defined how a parish should care for its poor who were in need of financial or other assistance because of old age, illness, disability, unemployment, bereavement or other misfortune.
		Once children were over the age of seven they could be apprenticed or placed in service with the help of the Poor Law Parish Officers.
		The 1662 Settlement Law allowed for the removal of people claiming relief who did not have legal settlement there.
	www.gmcro.co.uk /cs/poor_law_records.htm (2160 words)

	Tudors - Poor Law 1601
		In 1563 Justices of the Peace were given the power to raise funds to support the poor.
		Orphans and children of the poor were to be given an apprenticeship to a tradesman.
		In 1601 An act of Parliament called The Poor Law was passed by Parliament.
	www.historyonthenet.com /Tudors/poor_law.htm (371 words)

	Ennistymon Union - The Poor Law Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Prior to 1839, Ireland had no poor law system of any kind, and with the increasing pressure of population the need for some such provision had become more and more obvious.
		The Commissioners instituted a vigorous and exhaustive investigation and concluded that the deterrent English workhouse system, whose fundamental aim was to force the poor to find work, was totally unsuited to Ireland, as the root cause of Irish poverty was lack of employment.
		A board of Guardians was to be elected in each union to administer the poor law.
	www.clarelibrary.ie /eolas/coclare/history/poorlawact.htm (359 words)

	Poor Law Union Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Poor Law Union Database lists all Church of England parishes and many additional places and gives the name of the Union that place belonged to and an indication of which Record Office holds the records for that Union.
		The "Poor Law Union Records" books by Jeremy Gibson published by the Federation of Family History Societies give lists of the type of records which have survived and the period they cover.
		Poor Law Union Records Volumes 1-4 by Jeremy Gibson and others, Published by the Federation of Family History Societies.
	www.fourbears.worldonline.co.uk /Database.html (396 words)

	Berks FHS - Poor Law
		Prior to 1834 poor law administration was in each parish and some of the surviving records, mainly 'Settlement Records' for Berkshire have been transcribed and published on microfiche by the Society - details are on the Society booklist.
		A good book which explains the old poor law system (1601-1834) is "An Introduction to Poor Law Documents before 1834" by Anne COLE (a Federation FHS publication).
		The old Poor Law was concerned with parishes, each of which had its own Poor Law administrators and, as a basic statement, only looked after its own "parishioners", ie.
	www.berksfhs.org.uk /berkshire/PoorLaw.htm (512 words)

	Tudors - Poor Law - Quick Quiz
		Deserving poor were those who were unable to work.
		Undeserving poor were also known as idle beggars.
		The Overseer of the Poor was responsible for dealing with the poor.
	www.historyonthenet.com /Tudors/poorlawquickquiz.htm (88 words)

	The Poor Law: topic page
		The effects of the Poor Law in Nottingham
		The unpopularity of the Poor Law Amendment Act
		Thomas Carlyle's attack on the Poor Law Amendment Act (1843)
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/terrace/adw03/peel/pltopic.htm (113 words)

	Poor Law Unions in NI
		Poor Law Unions in NI PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE of NORTHERN IRELAND
		Poor Law Unions (or Superintendant Registrar's Districts) were the areas of administration for poor relief established under the Poor Relief (Ireland) Act, 1838.
		This material may be reproduced without formal permission or charge for personal or in-house use.
	www.proni.gov.uk /geogindx/poorlaw.htm (91 words)

	Sussex Record Society - Poor Law Database
		This database sets out to bring together the fullest picture yet to be achieved of an almost invisible community: the English rural poor of the two centuries up to 1835.
		The poor had their stories and they are by no means “short and simple” as Thomas Gray suggested; they survive in formidable quantity.
		Their lives have come down to us through the bureaucracy which controlled and monitored their movements, apprenticed their children and arranged the maintenance of their illegitimate offspring.
	sussexrecordsociety.org /plhome.asp?an=&ap= (524 words)

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