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	Pope Adrian III
		Adrian III was pope from 884 to 885.
		He was born at Rome.He died in 885, at Modena, on a journey to Worms, in modern Germany.
		Little is known of Adrian's papacy, nor of why he is venerated.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ad/Adrian_III.html (38 words)

	Adrian
		Adrian I to Adrian VI ADRIAN, or HADRIAN (Lat.
		ADRIAN I., pope from 772 to 705, was the son of Theodore, a Roman nobleman.
		ADRIAN II., pope from 867 to 872, was a member of a noble Roman family, and became pope in 867, at an advanced age.
	www.worldspirituality.org /adrian.html (1611 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander III
		He was the trusted adviser of Adrian IV and was regarded as the soul of the party of independence among the cardinals, which sought to escape the German yoke by alliance with the Normans of Naples.
		Pope Alexander refused to submit his clear right to this iniquitous tribunal, which, as was foreseen, declared for the usurper (11 February, 1160).
		In the estimation of Rome, Italy, and Christendom, Alexander III's epitaph expresses the truth, when it calls him "the Light of the Clergy, the Ornament of the Church, the Father of his City and of the World." He was friendly to the new academical movement that led to the establishment of the great medieval universities.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01287a.htm (841 words)

	Pope Paul III Summary
		Under Pope Clement VII (1523–34) he became Cardinal Bishop of Portus (Ostia) and dean of the College of Cardinals, and on the death of Clement VII in 1534, was elected as Pope Paul III.
		Paul III was in earnest in the matter of improving the ecclesiastical situation, and on June 2, 1536, he issued a papal bull convoking a general council to sit at Mantua in 1537.
		Paul III proved unable to suppress the Protestant Reformation, although it was during his pontificate that the foundation was laid for the Counter-Reformation.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Paul_III (1866 words)

	Pope Alexander VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He served the Curia under five popes and acquired much experience influence and wealth although no great he was economical in his habits; on he displayed great splendour and lived in fine palace.
		The city swarmed with Spanish assassins prostitutes and informers; murder and robbery committed with impunity heretics and Jews were admitted to the city on of bribes and the pope himself shamelessly aside all show of decorum living a secular and immoral life and indulging in chase dancing stage plays and indecent orgies.
		The pope was unable to order in his own dominions; the houses Colonna and Orsini were at open war each other but after much fighting they peace on a basis of alliance against pope.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Alexander_VI (2857 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Adrian III
		Pope St. Adrian III, of Roman extraction, was elected in the beginning of the year 884, and died near Modena in the summer of the following year, while on his way to the diet summoned by Charles the Fat to determine the succession to the Empire.
		He was buried in the monastery of Nonantula, where his memory has ever since been held in local veneration.
		By decree of Pope Leo XIII the clergy of Rome and Modena celebrate his Mass and office ritu duplici on 7 September.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01156b.htm (106 words)

	Frederick I Barbarossa (c. 1123-1190)
		Frederick was the son of Frederick II, duke of Swabia, and Judith, daughter of Henry IX, duke of Bavaria, of the rival dynasty of the Welfs.
		The successor of Eugenius III, Pope Adrian IV, honoured the Treaty of Constance and crowned Frederick emperor on June 18, 1155, in Rome.
		Adrian explained later that he meant the word beneficium, which had caused all the trouble, to mean benefit and not fief.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/frederickbarbarossa.html (2583 words)

	Pope Adrian I
		At a critical period in the history of the Papacy, Adrian possessed all the qualities essential in the founder of a new dynasty.
		He strengthened the fortifications of Rome, called to the aid of the militia the inhabitants of the surrounding territory, and, as the Lombard host advanced, ravaging and plundering summoned Charles to hasten to the defence of their common interests.
		Estimates of Adrian's work and character by modern historians differ with the varying views of writers regarding the temporal sovereignty of the popes, of which Adrian I must be considered the real founder.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/a/adrian_i,pope.html (795 words)

	Pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Pope's role is kind of like that of a chairman of a board, or captain of a football team, with the other team players being the bishops.
		Pope Innocent VII (1484-1492) and Pope Leo X (1513-1521) were from the Borgia and Medici families which were kind of like the Sopranos of the middle ages.
		Basically, the biggest reason that the Pope was head of his own country is that it is important that the Church not be interferred with by any other political leaders and if the head of the Church was in a country governed by a political leader it would be vulnerable to outside interference.
	www.davidmacd.com /catholic/pope.htm (4676 words)

	Pope Stephen VI
		Stephen VI, pope (885-891), succeeded Pope Adrian III, and was in turn succeeded by Pope Formosus.
		In his dealings with Constantinople in the matter of Photius, as also in his relations with the young Slavonic church, he pursued the policy of Pope Nicholas I.
		There is a problem in numbering the Popes Stephen -- see Pope Stephen II for the explanation.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Pope_Stephen_VI.html (70 words)

	AllRefer.com - Adrian IV, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Pope Eugene III made him cardinal bishop of Albano and sent him to Scandinavia to organize the church.
		Adrian, forced by imperial intrigues to leave Rome, died before he could pronounce sentence.
		The historicity of Adrian's donation of Ireland, as a papal fief, to Henry II of England is the subject of scholarly dispute.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Adrian4.html (329 words)

	Pope Innocent IV Summary
		Pope Gregory IX died in 1241, and the College of Cardinals immediately convened to elect a new pope.
		Pope Innocent IV (Genoa, 1180/90 – Naples, December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo de Fieschi, Pope from 1243 to 1254, belonged to the feudal nobility of Liguria, the Fieschi, counts of Lavagna.
		He was succeeded by Pope Alexander IV (1254–61), and was the uncle of Adrian V (1276).
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Innocent_IV (1778 words)

	Pope's Photo Gallery (101-150) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		After his coronation Charles the Gross failed to maintain his promise of help, and the pope was defeated by the Arabs; he was forced to pay a large tribute.
		He was the first pope to undertake the process of canonization of a saint: UIderic.
		He was elected in the period of grave disorder which followed on the death of Otto III of Germany.
	members.tripod.com /~cckswong/pope101_150.htm (2660 words)

	November 18: HISTORY (nov18his.htm)
		Adrian knew what he was doing and had to assure the cardinals that he was in charge.
		Adrian was upset that Frederick did not seek justice when the Archbishop of Lund, to whom Adrian had appealed and won over as a papal legate in Scandinavia, was murdered by a robber baron.
		While Adrian’s papacy was often embroiled in heated controversy with Frederick and trying to convince the curia that alignment with Sicily was a good thing, Adrian was a generous and forgiving pontiff.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/nov18his.htm (1073 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of Cardinals of the IX Century
		Sergio e Bacco, one of the 7 original ones, was erected by Pope St. Agatho in 678 in the VIII Region of Rome, in the Roman Forum, next to the Arch of Sptimius Severus.
		It was suppressed by Pope Sixtus V in 1587 and later demolished during the pontificate of Paul V (1605-1621).
		Pope Adrian II lifted his suspension as priest and named him Librarian of the Roman Church, hence his nickname Bibliotecario.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-ix.htm (2110 words)

	CBC News Indepth: POPE JOHN PAUL II
		Pope John Paul II led the world's Roman Catholics since he was the surprise choice of the College of Cardinals on Oct. 16, 1978.
		He was the 264th pope, and ranks among the three who have served longest, with St. Peter (32-67) and Blessed Pius IX (1846-78).
		He was a conservative pope in terms of doctrine, rejecting the ordination of women, forbidding priests from marrying, backing an international campaign against same-sex unions and opposing birth control and abortion.
	www.cbc.ca /news/obit/pope/will.html (1989 words)

	Adoration of the Sacrament
		How far Adrian's consciousness of his own importance had grown is evident from the fact that while in the beginning of his reign he had dated his public documents by the years of the Greek emperors, from the end of 781 he dated them by the years of his own pontificate.
		Adrian, who was the sworn foe of the Roman republic and its Impending liberties, joined hands with the Lom Conflict bard communes who were struggling Stopped by for their own.
		Adrian was already taking counsel with the cardinals as to the advisa bility of pronouncing a sentence of excommunica tion against Frederick when death overtook him at Anagni Sept. 1, 1159.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc01/htm/iii.ii.htm (17544 words)

	Pope John Paul II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He to become the dominant twentieth-century pope of Catholic Church eclipsing Pope Paul VI in travels Pope Pius XII in intellectual vigour and Pope John XXIII in charisma.
		He the first reigning pope to travel to United Kingdom where he met Queen Elizabeth II the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
		Indeed the nature of the relationship the pope and Bono was revealed when working at U2's recording studio revealed that recording session for Bono's band U2 was interrupted on at least one by a phone call to the recording in Dublin by the pope who wanted talk to Bono about the campaign.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_John_Paul_II (3062 words)

	December 4: Adrian IV the English pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Adrian was the only Englishman to become pope and he said he wished he'd stayed in England.
		Frederick Barbarossa desired that Adrian crown him emperor but Adrian insisted that the red-beard (that is what "Barbarossa" means) honor him by holding his stirrup while he mounted his horse.
		Adrian's most controversial act was a bull that allowed Henry II of England to annex Ireland to his kingdom.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2001/12/daily-12-04-2001.shtml (713 words)

	Pope Adrian IV (Seattle Catholic)
		Nicholas Breakspear was the first English pope, was born near the place of execution of the first English martyr, and he took his name from Pope Adrian the First.
		Indeed, Pope Adrian was now seriously considering excommunicating Frederick when he died after a short illnes at the papal retreat of Anagni on the 1st of September, 1159.
		He once told John of Salisbury he did not much enjoy being pope, but it is a tribute to and reflection of the strength of his character and his determination to be a good pope in every sense of the word, that he restored much credibility to the papal office.
	www.seattlecatholic.com /a060322.html (2941 words)

	Saints of July 8
		Little is known of Adrian or his pontificate and why he is venerated as a saint, though it is known he worked to mitigate the rigors of a famine in Rome.
		He opposed the aristocratic faction in Rome led by Formosus, bishop of Porto, had George of the Aventine, a member of the Formosan group and notorious for several murders he committed, tried, condemned, and blinded, and had a widow of one of the opposing nobility whipped naked through the streets of Rome.
		Pope Saint Zachary, who permitted public veneration of the martyrs in 752.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0708.htm (3459 words)

	Pope Sergius III
		The reign of Pope Sergius III began the period known as "The Rule of the Harlots" (904-963).
		Marozia, while still a child, bore him several illegitimate children, one of which would become Pope John XI (931-935), whom she gave birth to at the age of 15.
		Following the death of Sergius III, Theodora had her lover, Pope John X (914-928), return to Rome to be appointed the next Pope.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=135 (220 words)

	Pope Adrian III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Adrian III (also known as Hadrian III) was Pope from May 17, 884 to September, 885.
		He died en route to a diet at Worms, Germany after being summoned by the Frankish King Charles III, The Fat, to settle the succession to the empire and discuss the rising Saracen power.
		This biography of a Pope or a claimant to the papacy is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Adrian_III (153 words)

	The Bull of Pope Adrian IV Empowering Henry II to Conquer Ireland
		The Bull of Pope Adrian IV Empowering Henry II to Conquer Ireland.
		Bishop Adrian, servant of the servants of God, sends to his dearest son in Christ, the illustrious king of the English, greeting and apostolic benediction.
		The bull of pope Adrian IV., long has been, and still is, an apple of discord among scholars.
	members.foothills.net /ricefile/bull_of_pope_adrian_iv.htm (529 words)

	Pope John VIII - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia
		John VIII was pope from 872 to 882.
		In 879 he recognised the reinstatement of Photius as the legitimate patriarch of Constantinople; Photius had been condemned in 869 by Pope Adrian II.
		According to the legend of Pope Joan, a woman named Joan reigned as Pope under the name of John VIII earlier in the 9th century; the legend says that she was erased from the historical record when her identity was discovered.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Pope_John_VIII (262 words)

	SAINT ADRIAN III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The life and sanctity of Pope St. Adrian III remains obscure.
		George of the Avertine, a priest whom John had exiled and whom Marinus I had allowed to return to Rome, was blinded, possibly by order of Adrian III.
		Adrian III died, en route to Worms, at the Abbey of Nonantola, where he was buried.
	www.thesacredheart.com /sts/sa0099.htm (113 words)

	Popes vs Christ-4
		He, the Pope, retained the right, in principle, to be a heretic, like anyone else, but he didn't intend to exercise this right by espousing the new heresy of papal infallibility.
		Like all medieval popes, John XXII saw that papal infallibility would make him not the equal of his predecessors but their inferior, for he would only be able to teach some things with their consent.
		Popes are the chief victims of the debilitating myth of orthodoxy.
	liberalslikechrist.org /Catholic/PopesvsChrist-4.html (4342 words)

	Color Code (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pope Deusdedit succeeds Boniface IV The Hegira Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina
		Pope Adrian III succeeds Marinus I. Pope Stephen VI succeeds Adrian III.
		Pope Formasus succeeds Stephen VI Arnulf of Germany defeats Vikings at the Battle of the Dyle.
	faculty.molloy.edu /smayo/med_chronology.htm (4999 words)

	The Ecole Glossary
		The life and sanctity of Pope/St. Adrian III remain obscure.
		He was born in Rome and was elected to the papacy in 884.
		In the summer of 885, Charles the Fat of the Holy Roman Empire convoked the Diet of Worms to insure the succession of his illegitimate son, Bernard.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/adrianiii.html (132 words)

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