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Topic: Pope Alexander IV

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	Pope Alexander IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He succeeded Innocent IV as guardian of Conradin, the last of the Hohenstaufen, promising him his benevolent protection; but in less than a fortnight he conspired against him and bitterly opposed Conradin's uncle Manfred.
		Alexander IV fulminated with excommunication and interdict against the party of Manfred, but in vain; nor could he enlist the Kings of England and Norway in a crusade against the Hohenstaufen.
		This biography of a Pope or a claimant to the papacy is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Alexander_IV (283 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander IV
		Pope from 1254-61 (Rinaldo Conti), of the house of Segni, which had already given two illustrious sons to the Papacy, Innocent III and Gregory IX, date of birth uncertain; died 25 May, 1261, at Viterbo.
		On the death of Innocent IV, at Naples, 7 December, 1254, the aged Cardinal was unanimously chosen to succeed him.
		Alexander IV ruled the spiritual affairs of the Church with dignity and prudence.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01287b.htm (690 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Barbarossa and Alexander III
		The election of pope Victor, then, after all secular influence had been removed and the grace of the Holy Spirit invoked, being confirmed and accepted,-the most Christian emperor, last, after all the bishops and after all the clergy, by the advice and petition of the council, accepted and approved the election of pope Victor.
		Concerning the complaints and controversies, moreover, which, before the time of pope Adrian were at issue between the church and the empire, mediators shall be constituted on the part of the lord pope and the lord emperor to whom it shall be given over to terminate the same through a judgment or through an agreement.
		The lord pope, moreover, and all the cardinals, just as they have received the lord emperor Frederick as Roman and catholic emperor, so they will receive Beatrix his serene wife as catholic and Roman empress, Provided, however, that she shall be crowned by the lord pope Alexander or by his legate.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/barbarossa1.html (2867 words)

	Pope Alexander IV Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Alexander IV Alexander IV né Rinaldo Conti (ca.
		On the death of Innocent IV he was elected pope at Naples on December 12 1254.
		Alexander fulminated with excommunication and interdict against the party of Manfred but in vain; nor could he enlist the kings of England and Norway in a crusade against the Hohenstaufen.
	www.ebiog.com /biography.php?id=303 (203 words)

	Biography – Pope Alexander IV – The Papal Library
		Alexander IV, originally called Raynold or Roland belonged to the Conti family.
		Conti was elected pope at Naples, against his will, on the 12th of December, 1254, and crowned on the 20th of that month.
		William, Count of Holland, elected king of the Romans, having died in December, 1255, Alexander threatened to excommunicate the electors should they elect, as the deceased king's successor, Conradine, son of Conrad and grandson of the emperor Frederic II.
	www.saint-mike.org /papal-library/AlexanderIV/biography.html (667 words)

	History of the Mass: March 31 (64hist.htm)
		Alexander confirmed to Bonaventure that he indeed had seen the holy stigmata of Francis and asserted this in a formal document authenticating it to the world.
		Though Alexander tried to reason with Manfred, when he realized it was hopeless for Manfred was in the same mold as his notorious late father, the Pope had no choice but to excommunicate the new monarch on March 25, 1255, just as Alexander's uncle had done to Manfred's father.
		While Alexander IV's military prowess and diplomatic dealings were a complete disaster, he would go down in the annals of popes and Church history as a great protector and promoter of the mendicant orders and upheld the spiritual principles of Holy Mother Church, governing with justice and wisdom.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/martext/64hist.htm (1344 words)

	ALEXANDER IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		ALEXANDER IV There was consternation among the cardinals at Naples when Innocent IV passed away.
		Rinaldo was the son of the count of Segni and the third pope of that family to reign in the thirteenth century.
		Alexander IV did the university a great favor when he confirmed the right of men like Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas to teach in its lecture halls.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp179.htm (485 words)

	Alexander IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alexander IV may refer to either of the following;
		King Alexander IV of Macedon, the son of Alexander the Great
		This human name article is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that might otherwise share the same title, which is a person's or persons' name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_IV (106 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Alexander IV, Pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Alexander IV Pope from 12 December 1254 to 25 March 1261.
		Of the house of Segni, he became cardinal-bishop of Ostia and was well advanced in years when elected pope.
		Rome and a large portion of Italy were lost to papal control during his reign.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd00299.htm (105 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistories of the XIII Century
		Pope Celestine IV was elected on October 25, 1241 and died on November 10, 1241.
		Pope Leo XIII confirmed on March 9, 1898, the immemorial veneration of this Pope as a Blessed.
		Pope Innocent V was elected on January 21, 1276 and died on June 22, 1276.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xiii.htm (2494 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Urban IV
		On the death of Alexander IV (25 May, 1261) he had returned to the west and was at Viterbo.
		A foreign conqueror for Sicily was necessary to attain the expulsion of Manfred, for after the defeat of Alexander IV's forces at Foggia (20 Aug., 1255) all hope was lost of a direct conquest by the papacy.
		In 1252 Innocent IV had granted the crown of Naples to the English Henry III for his second son, Edmund; but the king had his hands too full at home and was himself too prodigal to allow him to embark on the very costly Sicilian adventure.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15212a.htm (1642 words)

	Alexander IV -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Alexander was appointed cardinal deacon (1227) and cardinal bishop of Ostia (1231) by his uncle Pope Gregory IX.
		After becoming pope, Alexander followed the policies of his predecessor Innocent IV: he continued war on Manfred, Emperor Frederick II's bastard son (who was crowned king of Sicily in 1258), by excommunicating him and…
		Pope Gregory VII's 11th-century removal of Henry IV from the throne of Germany, one of the episodes of the Investiture Controversy.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9005590?tocId=9005590 (675 words)

	Albertus Magnus. Mendicancy and Theology in Conflict with Episcopacy. By Rudolf Schieffer. Translated by Thomas F. ...
		[15] That undated text (sent not to the pope but to the cardinals of the Roman church) implies that it comes from a gathering that took place somewhere in Bavaria; the death of Pope Alexander IV on May 25, 1261 is mentioned but not the election of his successor Urban IV on August 29.
		Pope Alexander IV seems to have meant in the case of Albert that the theological reputation he had attained would increase his authority, and he referred this to recent information about events in Cologne.
		He did not agonize over his decision very long, for the letter of appointment by Pope Alexander from Anagni issued on January 5, 1260 reached him in Cologne where documents place him on January 23d and March 1st, [66] and in the course of March he is in Würzburg on the way to Regensburg.
	www.nd.edu /~tomeara/schieffer.html (6127 words)

	April 7: HISTORY (apr7his.htm)
		Because Pope Alexander IV had not been able to create more cardinals the ranks of the conclave had shrunk to a mere eight who gathered to elect his successor.
		Urban was born around the turn of the thirteenth century in Troyes, France where, as the son of a shoemaker he exceeded all expectations when he excelled in studies at the University of Paris and became a canon and then archdeacon.
		Throughout he acquired a reputation as a man with wide-ranging diplomatic skills and this prompted him to be elevated to Bishop of Verdun in 1252 and, shortly thereafter, Pope Alexander named him legate of the Latin territories and Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1255.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/April/apr7his.htm (1152 words)

	The Scottish Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1260, Alexander, who had then attained his twentieth year, was invited by his father- in-law to visit him with his queen at London.
		Two of the regents, Alexander Comyn, earl of Buchan, and Alan Durward the justiciary, with William Wishart, chancellor of the kingdom, were despatched on a secret mission into England, to exact pledges from Henry as to his behaviour towards the young king while at his court.
		Their reception was unusually magnificent, but Alexander, young as he was, did not allow the festivities which marked the occasion to divert his mind from two objects which had been strong inducements with him to comply with King Henry’s invitation.
	www.electricscotland.com /HISTORY/nation/nation87.htm (423 words)

	Alexander Pope: A Heroic Poet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope has often been misunderstood by later generations, which have sometimes distorted his character to account for the stinging nature of his greatest poems.
		From here on it was for a long time one triumph after another for Pope: the Essay on Criticism in 1711, the Rape of the Lock in 1712 and (in an expanded form) in 1714,{8} Windsor-Forest in 1713, and a full-dress edition of his Works in 1717.
		Pope’s dunces, like the insects embedded in amber he mentions in another context,{23} are transfigured via the poet’s imagination into a continual source of delight, even if the function they serve is essentially the same as that of a succession of clowns taking pratfalls on banana peels.
	members.aol.com /basfawlty/pope.htm (2803 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Eugenius III made him Bishop and Cardinal and sent him on a mission to Scandinavia where he restored peace and order to the local churches and monasteries and set up two new archbishoprics.
		In 1303, he drew up a decree excommunicating King Philip IV of France, but before this could be issued, the papal palace at Anagni was attacked by a group of 2000 mercenaries led by William de Nogaret, one of Philip's aides.
		In 1309, King Philip IV of France force the election of Clement, a Frenchman, and moved the papal seat to Avignon in France.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/mmp164.html (2714 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Alexander IV
		Elected pope against his will when quite elderly.
		The year 1259 saw the bizarre public mania of the Flagellants, thousands of whom, young and old, would whip each other bloody in the streets in penance for the religious shortcomings of Italy.
		Alexander tried to reconcile the waring republics of Genoa and Venice, but failed, dying during a council he called to work on the matter.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0181.htm (178 words)

	On my Desk
		1262 CE; Pope Urban IV renewed this authorizion on August 2, and this was soon interpreted as formal licence to continue the examination under torture within their torture chambers.
		Although the Church frowned upon this type of mass compulsory conversion, once the person was converted, any deviation from the Catholic faith on the part of the convert constituted "heresy." and were subject to the penalty of death.
		The negotiations were conducted exclusively by Pope Pius XII (Pacelli) over the heads of the faithful, the clergy, and the German bishops.
	www.angelfire.com /pa3/holytestament/timel.html (3526 words)

	Explanation of Events for the Timeline of the Witch Hunts
		As the popes withdrew their support the council became increasingly radical, and fell apart amidst accusations of heresy and schism.
		Pope Innocent VIII, Summis desiderantes (1484): The pope and the papal bull that allegedly began the serious witch hunts, and sanctioned the activities of the Hammer of Witches (in which it is usually included).
		This pope's preoccupation with sorcery may have influenced Bishop Richard Ledrede of Ossory in the Alice Kyteler affair.
	departments.kings.edu /womens_history/witch/witchlist.html (7149 words)

	Alexander IV - TheBestLinks.com - Alexander the Great, Pope Alexander IV, Alexander IV of Macedon, Disambig, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Alexander IV - TheBestLinks.com - Alexander the Great, Pope Alexander IV, Alexander IV of Macedon, Disambig,...
		Alexander IV, Alexander the Great, Pope Alexander IV, Alexander IV of Macedon...
		King Alexander IV of Macedon, the (putative) son of Alexander the Great
	www.thebestlinks.com /Alexander_IV.html (138 words)

	[No title]
		Pope St. Leo the Great (440-461 AD) The practice of administering Holy Communion on the tongue of the Faithful was energetically defended and faithfully obeyed.
		However, when I said "If the pope were to approve an invalid form of the mass then he simply could not be the pope," I meant that it is possible to have the papal chair sedevacant, and have an imposter seek to approve a mass that in content and form is invalid.
		The true pope in exile, would issue commands to his faithful curia who would undertake the unseating of the anti-pope, or, they would have to wait until the anti-pope abdicated or died, as was the case with Anacletus II in 1138.
	www.catholicintl.com /qa/may04QA.htm (12465 words)

	Pope Nicholas III
		He concluded a concordat with Rudolph of Habsburg in May 1278, by which the Romagna and the exarchate of Ravenna were guaranteed to the pope; and in July he issued an epoch-making constitution for the government of Rome, which forbade foreigners taking civil office.
		Nicholas, though a man of learning and strength of character, brought just reproach on himself for his efforts to found principalities for his nephews and other relations.
		He died from a stroke of apoplexy and was succeeded by Martin IV.
	www.nndb.com /people/518/000103209 (161 words)

	Consecration of Chartres Cathedral
		It was on this date, October 17, 1260, that one of the finest examples of high Gothic art, Chartres Cathedral in northern France, was consecrated under King (Saint) Louis and Pope Alexander IV.
		It is not often pointed out that the cathedrals (notably Chartres and Rheims) were used in the week after Christmas for the "Feast of Fools" and for blasphemous and indecent parodies of the Mass — often with the participation of the clergy!
		Pope Innocent III condemned the practice, which shows that it was taking place.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/1017almanac.htm (569 words)

	HADRIAN V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		But Cardinal Ottoboni was a faithful worker in the vineyard during the reigns of Pope Alexander IV, Urban IV, Clement IV, and Gregory X. He proved his sterling worth when Clement IV sent him on a difficult and delicate mission to England that of making peace between Henry III and his rebel barons.
		Ottoboni was sent with such full legatine powers that under the Pope he ruled the Church in England during his mission.
		His staff, it is interesting to observe, included two future Popes, Gregory X and Boniface VIII.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp184.htm (356 words)

	Pope John Paul II 15 August 1990 Apostolic Constitution
		Pope John Paul II Apostolic Constitution Promulgated By His Holiness On August 15, 1990.
		Born from the heart of the Church, a Catholic university is located in that course of tradition which may be traced back to the very origin of the university as an institution.
		the letter of Pope Alexander IV to the University of Paris, April 14, 1255, Introduction: Bullarium Diplomatum..
	www.ewtn.com /library/papaldoc/jp2unive.htm (7389 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This has come up particularly because of the letter to the Pope, which has been created by an international joint Committee of concerned Pagan leaders and liberal Christians, and which will be sent to the Vatican along with over a thousand signatures.
		This letter respectfully asks the Pope to be sure and include Witches and Pagans in his planned Millennial Apology for the Inquisition, wherein he has already stated he will be apologizing to the Jews, Protestant Christians and Moslems for the persecution their people suffered under the Inquisition.
		First, the citation from Pope Alexander states that the Inquisition cannot investigate charges of sorcery (witchcraft) without evidence that there is heresy ('incorrect' interpretations of Christianity) involved.
	chass.colostate-pueblo.edu /natrel/pom/old/POM11a3.html (1474 words)

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