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	Pope Alexander V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During his ten month reign, Alexander V's aim was to extend his obedience with the assistance of France, and, notably, of Duke Louis II of Anjou, upon whom he conferred the investiture of the Kingdom of Sicily, having removed it from Ladislas of Naples.
		He proclaimed and promised rather than effected a certain number of reforms: the abandonment of the rights of "spoils" and "procurations," and the re-establishment of the system of canonical election in the cathedral churches and principal monasteries.
		This biography of a Pope is a stub.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Alexander_V (480 words)

	Pope Alexander V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alexander V (also Peter of Candia or Peter Philarges, ca.
		He settled in Lombardy, where, thanks to the favour of Giangaleazzo Visconti, the Duke of Milan, he became bishop, first of Piacenza (1386), then of Vicenza (1387), then of Novara (1389), and finally archbishop of Milan (1402).
		Whether Alexander V was a pope or an antipope is still a matter of debate, although he is not listed by the Vatican as a pope.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Alexander_V (480 words)

	Alexander Pope biography
		The elder Pope was a Roman Catholic, and to this faith the poet also nominally adhered, thus debarring himself from a university career.
		In his tenth year Pope was stricken by an illness which distorted his frame and robbed him of his plumpness and his color.
		Pope took as his supreme dunce Lewis Theobald (q.v.), who had criticized an edition of Shakespeare that Pope had brought out in 1725.
	www.dromo.info /popeabio.htm (880 words)

	Sly's Fifteenth Century TimeLine
		Pope Alexander V dies and is succeeded by Antipope John XIII.
		Henry V of England and Charles VI of France make a peace treaty, and Charles' daughter Catherine of Valois is married to Henry V. Henry V returns from Normandy to England, leaving his brother Thomas, duke of Clarence, as governor of Normandy.
		Alfonso V of Portugal attacks Ferdinand V and Isabella I to support Juana la Beltraneja, daughter of Henry IV of Castile's claim to the throne of Castile.
	www.edwardsly.com /1400-99.html (1128 words)

	Avignon Papacy
		Boniface VIII was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303.
		The popes who immediately succeeded him were completely under the influence of the kings of France, and removed the Papal seat from Rome to Avignon, sometimes known as the Babylonian Captivity.
		Clement V, pope (1305-1314), (Bertrand de Goth, archbishop of Bordeaux, France) is memorable in history for his suppression of the order of the Templars, and as the pope who removed the seat of the Roman see to Avignon.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/avignon_papacy.htm (1133 words)

	Pope Alexander V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Selected Poetry and Prose of Alexander Pope The text of several of Pope's poems and prose.
		Alexander I, Eventius, and Theodulus Undoubtedly martyrs, but this article suggests that calling Alexander "Pope" is erroneous.
		Alexander Pope's Work Three works by Pope, "The Rape of the Lock", "Essay on Man", and "Essay on Criticism", available in pdf format.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Pope_Alexander_V.html (780 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Alexander V
		The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches.
		An antipope is one whose claim to being Pope is the result of a disputed or contested election.
		Urban VI, née Bartolomeo Prignano (1318 – October 15, 1389), pope (1378 to 1389), was a native of Naples.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Alexander-V (1692 words)

	Pope Alexander V - Wikipedia
		ALEXANDER V (Peter Philarges), pope 1409-1410, was born in Crete of unknown parents and entered the order of St Francis, for which, as for the other mendicant orders, he later manifested his affection in a striking manner.
		He was a member in turn of the universities of Oxford and Paris, and finally settled in Lombardy, where, thanks to the favour of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, he became bishop, first of Piacenza, then of Vincenza, then of Novara, and afterwards archbishop of Milan.
		During his short reign of ten months Alexander V.'s aim was to extend his obedience with the assistance of France, and, notably, of the duke Louis II.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_V (420 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander III
		Pope Alexander refused to submit his clear right to this iniquitous tribunal, which, as was foreseen, declared for the usurper (11 February, 1160).
		Alexander promptly responded, from the ill-fated Anagni, by solemnly excommunicating the Emperor and releasing his subjects from their oaths of allegiance.
		In the estimation of Rome, Italy, and Christendom, Alexander III's epitaph expresses the truth, when it calls him "the Light of the Clergy, the Ornament of the Church, the Father of his City and of the World." He was friendly to the new academical movement that led to the establishment of the great medieval universities.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01287a.htm (868 words)

	THE RENAISSANCE
		Pope Boniface VIII declared 1300 to be a Jubilee Year and any who visited Rome at this time would receive a full indulgence, a remission of time spent in Purgatory by absolved and repentant sinners.
		Clement V, in response to this, imposed new taxes on the clergy and papal officials sold reservations to offices not yet vacant.
		To solve the problem the Council of Pisa was called and ended up deposing both popes and electing their own, Pope Alexander V who was succeeded by John XXIII in 1410.
	www.angelfire.com /mo/christian22/history3.html (1383 words)

	CONGRESSIONAL CHRISTIANITY
		Their understanding can be expressed, "The Council (with the Pope) is greater than the Pope (by himself)." It is no accident that these theories coincided with the developing political theory.
		Alexander, a learned and pious man, created tremendous optimism that he could settle the schism.
		Nicholas V was the first of the Renaissance Popes and these men had no interest in reform.
	www.christianchronicler.com /history1/congressional_christianity.html (1957 words)

	Pope Alexander V
		Alexander V, given name Peter Philargès, Roman Catholic Pope (or Antipope) from 1409-10, was born in Crete of unknown parents and entered the Order of St. Francis, for which, as the other mendicant orders, he later manifested his affection in a striking manner.
		On being created cardinal by Pope Innocent VII he devoted all of his energies from 1408 onwards to the realization of the union of the church, in spite of the two rival popes.
		During his short reign of ten months Alexander V's aim was to extend his obedience with the assistance of France, and notably, of the duke Louis II of Anjou, upon whom he conferred the investiture of the Kingdom of Sicily, together with the title of gonfalonier of the church.
	www.nndb.com /people/265/000094980 (327 words)

	Antipope John XXIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cardinal Baldassare Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May of 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those belonging to the obedience of Antipope Benedict XIII, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader.
		He should not be confused with Pope John XXIII of the 20th century.
		The decision of the 20th century Pope John XXIII not to be named John XXIV as might be expected serves as a confirmation of the antipope status of this first John XXIII.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII (347 words)

	History of Western Civilization, Knox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Both popes were deposed as schismatics and heretics, and the Council elected a new pope, Alexander V (1409-1410).
		Alexander was succeeded by John XXIII (1410-1415), and the situation remained unchanged.
		It is a nice irony that the rivalry among popes was solved only upon the instigation and authority of their ancient rival, the Holy Roman Emperor.
	history.boisestate.edu /hy309/papacy/pisa.htm (226 words)

	Chapter 21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		But Urban VI (as the new pope called himself), although he had until then been much esteemed as a pious and modest man, seems to have lost his head on being raised to his new office.
		There were now two rival popes-one of them having his court at Rome, and the other at Avignon; and the kingdoms of Europe were divided between the two.
		He was even suspected of having poisoned Alexander; and, although he must no doubt have been a very clever man, it is not easy to understand houw the other cardinals can have chosen one who was so notoriously wicked to the papacy.
	www.biblefacts.org /ecf/sch/sch02-22.html (496 words)

	Pope Alexander V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Alexander V (Peter Philarges c.1339 - May 3 1410) pope from June 26 1409 until his
		He was of the promoters of the Council of and his politicing incurred the displeasure of Gregory XII who ordered Philarges derived of both archbishopric and his cardinalitial dignity.
		During his ten month reign Alexander V's was to extend his obedience with the of France and notably of the Duke Louis of Anjou upon whom he conferred the of the Kingdom of Sicily having removed from Ladislas of Naples.
	www.freeglossary.com /Alexander_V (453 words)

	Pope Alexander V -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Alexander V (also Peter of Candia or Peter Philarges, c.
		His abilities were such that he was sent to study at the universities of (A city in southern England northwest of London; site of Oxford University) Oxford and (The capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce) Paris ((A university in Paris; intellectual center of France) University_of_Paris).
		Whether Alexander V was a pope or an (Click link for more info and facts about antipope) antipope is still a matter of debate, although he is not listed by the Vatican as a pope.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_alexander_v.htm (551 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Alexander VII
		During his pontificate, repeated difficulties with Louis XIV led to the temporary loss of Avignon and acceptance of the humiliating terms of the treaty of Pisa in 1664.
		Alexander fought Jansenism by compelling the French clergy to sign his "formulary." Supported Venice in their fight with the expanding Turks.
		He was a patron of art, beautified Rome and many of its churches, enlarged the libraries of the Vatican and the Roman University, and befriended men of letters.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0237.htm (241 words)

	Western Schism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Urban had been a respected administrator in the papal chancery at Avignon; but once he was elected Pope, he became suspicious, overbearing, and subject to violent outbursts of temper.
		The two popes threw the Church into a turmoil; there had been antipopes, rival claimants to the papacy before, but most of them had been appointed by various rival factions.
		Finally, the Council of Constance in 1417 deposed John XXIII and the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII, received the resignation of the Roman Pope Gregory XII (who had abdicated in 1415), and elected Pope Martin V, thereby ending the schism.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Western_Schism (524 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander VII
		The endeavours of the Chigi to enrich their family were too indulgently regarded by the Pope; but, ever pious and devout, he was far from having a share in the excesses of his luxury-loving nephews.
		The pontificate of Alexander VII was shadowed by continual difficulties with the young and ill-advised Louis XIV of France, whose representatives were a constant source of annoyance to the Pope.
		However, he prevented Louis XIV from sending the usual embassy of obedience to Alexander VII, and, while he lived, hindered the appointment of a French ambassador to Rome, diplomatic affairs being meantime conducted by cardinal protectors, generally personal enemies of the Pope.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01294a.htm (1025 words)

	OFMConv. Website
		Pope Nicholas became known as the “missionary pope” because of the many emissaries he sent to the farthest destinations; to the monarchs of Eastern Christians in Ethiopia, Southern Russia and >Armenia, and to the Mongol Khan of China.
		Pope Alexander V (pontificate: 1409-1410) was baptized Pietro Filargo on the Isle of Crete.
		Although he acted in good faith, believing that he was the legitimately elected Pope, later historians recorded Alexander V as a third Pope, an ‘anti-pope’, or sometimes the ‘Pisan Pope’.
	www.ofm-conv.org /print.php?sid=855 (675 words)

	Pope Alexander V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Alexander V (Peter Philarges c.1339 - May 3, 1410), pope from June 26,1409 until his death.
		On being created cardinal by Innocent VII in 1405 he devotedall his energies to the re-union of the church, in spite of the two rival popes.
		He was one of the promoters of the Council of Pisa and his politicing incurred the displeasure of Gregory XII, who ordered Philarges derived of both his archbishopric andhis cardinalitial dignity.
	www.therfcc.org /pope-alexander-v-50339.html (374 words)

	Johnson, "The Life of Pope"
		Pope was the greatest enemy the government had; and another bought his image in clay to execute him in effigy, with which sad sort of satisfaction the gentlemen were a little comforted.
		The filial piety of Pope was in the highest degree amiable and exemplary; his parents had the happiness of living till he was at the summit of poetical reputation, till he was at ease in his fortune, and without a rival in his fame, and found no diminution of his respect or tenderness.
		Pope had now been enough acquainted with human life to know, if his passion had not been too powerful for his understanding, that from a contention like his with Cibber the world seeks nothing but diversion, which is given at the expence of the higher character.
	andromeda.rutgers.edu /~jlynch/Texts/pope.html (16731 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Alexander V
		In 1405 Pope Innocent VII made him Cardinal, and turned his ability and his friendship with the Visconti to advantage by confirming him as papal legate to Lombardy.
		Alexander V soon found all nations in sympathy with him, save Spain and Scotland and some Italian cities whose interests were bound up in the legitimacy of the stubborn Benedict XIII.
		Whether or not Alexander was a true pope is a question which canonists and historians of the Schism still discuss.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01288a.htm (827 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Martin V
		He deserted the lawful pope, Gregory XII, was present at the council of Pisa, and took part in the election of the antipopes Alexander V and John XXIII.
		On 21 November he was crowned pope in the great court of the episcopal palace of Constance.
		Though Martin V allowed adjustment of the temporal affairs of the Church to draw his attention from the more important duty of reforming the papal court and the clergy, still the sorry condition of Rome and of the Papal States at his accession palliate this neglect.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09725a.htm (1315 words)

	Pope Martin V - Wikipedia
		Martin V (Otto di Colonna), pope from 1417 to 1431, was elected on St Martin's day at Constance by a conclave consisting of twenty-three cardinals and thirty delegates of the council, which after deposing John XXIII, had long experienced much perplexity from the conflicting claims of Gregory XII and Benedict XIII.
		He was justly esteemed for his moderation, learning, uprightness and business capacity, but he failed to achieve, as he might have done, the honour of being a reforming pope.
		His first act after his election was to publish a brief confirming all the regulations made by his predecessors with regard to the papal chancery, - regulations which had long been the suubject of just complaint.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Martin_V (278 words)

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