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	Pope Adrian IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On his return Nicholas was received with great honour by Pope Anastasius IV (1153–54), and on the death of the latter was elected pope on 4 December, 1154.
		Adrian IV crowned the Emperor at Saint Peter's on 18 June, 1155, a ceremony which so incensed the Romans that the Pope had to leave the city, not returning until November 1156.
		Barbarossa was infuriated by the suggestion that he was dependent on the Pope, and in the storm which ensued the legates were glad to escape with their lives, and the incident at length closed with a letter from the Pope, declaring that by beneficium he meant merely bonum factum or "a good deed," the coronation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Adrian_IV (1023 words)

	Pope Anastasius IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		December 3, 1154) was Pope from 1153 to 1154.
		During his short pontificate, however, he played the part of a peacemaker; he came to terms with the Emperor Frederick I in the vexed question of the appointment to the see of Magdeburg and closed the long quarrel, which had raged through four pontificates, about the appointment of William Fitzherbert (d.
		Pope Anastasius IV died on the 3rd of December 1154, and was succeeded by Cardinal Nicholas of Albano as Pope Adrian IV (1154–59).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Anastasius_IV (265 words)

	Anastasius IV -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Severus inspired this sect's ascendancy during the reigns of the Byzantine emperors Anastasius I (491–518) and Justinian I (527–565).
		Nicknamed the Maiden because of his vow of celibacy, Malcolm IV assumed the Scottish throne in 1153, at the age of 11, after the death of his grandfather, David I, the youngest son of Malcolm III.
		Pope Gregory VII's 11th-century removal of Henry IV from the throne of Germany, one of the episodes of the Investiture Controversy.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9007377 (643 words)

	Anastasius - TheBestLinks.com - Constantinople, Pope Anastasius III, Pope Anastasius IV, Pope Anastasius II, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Anastasius, Constantinople, Pope Anastasius III, Pope Anastasius IV, Pope...
		Anastasius I of the Byzantine Empire -- (c.
		Anastasius II of the Byzantine Empire -- (d.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Anastasius.html (137 words)

	Pope Adrian IV
		Adrian IV, born Nicholas Breakspear, Roman Catholic Pope from 1154 to 1159, the only Englishman who has occupied the papal chair, was born before AD 1100 at Langley near St. Albans in Hertfordshire.
		On his return Nicholas was received with great honor by Anastasius IV, and on the death of the latter was elected pope on the 4th of December 1154.
		The senate thereupon exiled Arnold, and the pope, with the impolitic cooperation of Frederick I Barbarossa, was instrumental in procuring his execution.
	www.nndb.com /people/543/000097252 (604 words)

	November 11: HISTORY (nov11his.htm)
		The short 18 months Anastasius ruled as supreme pontiff were productive, peaceful years that brought enemies to their knees in prayer and reconciliation, as churches were restored and bishoprics reinstated...
		Anastasius also was able to penetrate Scandinavia, installing Peter's Pence in both Norwary and Sweden, through the tireless efforts of his papal legate Nicholas Breakspear, the English monk who would become Anastasius' successor when the latter died on December 3, 1154 after less than a year and half on the papal throne.
		Anastasius was given a royal burial, interred at the Lateran in the porphyry sarcophagus of Saint Helena.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/nov11his.htm (624 words)

	ANASTASIUS IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When Pope Anastasius wrote to the holy nun Hildegarde asking to see her writings so he could advance in virtue, the mystic roundly told him that he neglected justice and that he must arouse himself and save his flock!
		Anastasius is blamed also by the famous historian Otto of Freising for appeasing the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
		But Anastasius died before Frederick could arrive, and the pope he was to deal with was the calm, capable Englishman Hadrian IV.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp166.htm (344 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pope Anastasius IV was born Corrado di Subarra and had a long career in the church before his election to the papacy in 1253.
		Pope Paschal II appointed him cardinal priest of Sta.
		As pope, Anastasius sent Nicholas Breakspear (later Pope Adrian IV) to Scandinavia to organize the church and maintained peaceful relations with the commune that controlled Rome.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/anastasius4.html (124 words)

	St. William of York (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was buried in his cathedral; miracles were reported at his tomb; and he was regarded both as a victim of injustice and as a saint.
		Pope Honorius III appointed the Cistercian Abbots of Fountains and Rievaulx to inquire into his life and miracles.
		William of York was canonized in 1227 by Pope Honorius III through the memory of his patient sufferings, the miracles reported at his tomb, and the desire of the Canons of York to rival Ripon as a center of pilgrimage.
	www.tewksbury.com /stwilliams/stwill.htm (422 words)

	The Pope Who Gave Ireland to the English -- TheWildGeese.com
		Pope Adrian IV n Dec. 3, 1154, the day after the death of Pope Anastasius IV, the freshly gathered conclave of cardinals unanimously elected the Bishop of Albano as Anastasius' successor.
		The new pope had been born 54 years earlier in or near St. Alban's, in the county of Hertfordshire, England, where he was given the name Nicholas by his commoner father, Robert Breakspear,.
		Adrian IV's father, Robert, was not a wealthy man, and Nicolas set out to the continent to better himself, like many intelligent commoners of the period, using the church to better his education and position.
	www.thewildgeese.com /pages/adrianiv.html (1844 words)

	November 18: HISTORY (nov18his.htm)
		Under this English pope Ireland became a British territory and the beginning of strife that continues today in Northern Ireland...but don't blame Adrian so fast since the supposed bull proclaiming this has never been documented and many think it was the English King Henry II using the supreme pontiff to attain his own goals.
		The English monk Nicholas Breakspear, who had served as papal legate to both Pope Blessed Eugene III and Pope Anastasius IV was the logical choice to succeed the latter.
		Pope Adrian was born in Langley, England near St. Alban’s where he had been educated.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/nov18his.htm (1073 words)

	Saints of December 19
		Anastasius, the son of Maximus, was elected pope on November 27, 399, and ruled the Church for two years.
		It is from Pope Anastasius that priests have the instruction to read the Gospels standing and bowing their heads.
		Pope Clement VI appointed him abbot of St. Germain, Auxerre, in 1352, and nine years later Pope Innocent VI appointed him abbot of St. Victor, Marseilles, and legate to Queen Joanna of Naples.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1219.htm (1423 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of cardinals of the XII Century
		Excommunicated by Pope Alexander III in 1162 and 1163.
		Pope Clement VII had it demolished around 1530 because it was in ruins.
		Pope Gregory VIII was elected on October 21, 1187 and died on December 17, 1187.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xii.htm (6890 words)

	Popes & Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, etc.
		To Roman Catholics, the Pope may be the holiest man on earth, the heir and keeper of the deepest truths of religion.
		The Pope was not the ruler of that Church, but one of the Ecumenical Patriarchs, along with the Patriarchs of Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, and Constantinople.
		Popes from a similiar family, the Medici, are featured in the genealogy of the Medici given with the rulers of Tuscany.
	www.friesian.com /popes.htm (8673 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pope Eugenius III made him Bishop and Cardinal and sent him on a mission to Scandinavia where he restored peace and order to the local churches and monasteries and set up two new archbishoprics.
		In 1303, he drew up a decree excommunicating King Philip IV of France, but before this could be issued, the papal palace at Anagni was attacked by a group of 2000 mercenaries led by William de Nogaret, one of Philip's aides.
		In 1309, King Philip IV of France force the election of Clement, a Frenchman, and moved the papal seat to Avignon in France.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/mmp164.html (2714 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Adrian IV
		The Pope returned to Rome, and Arnold escaped and was taken under the protection of some of the bandit barons of the northern Campagna.
		The Pope agreed to invest William with the crowns of Sicily and Apulia, the territories and states of Naples, Salerno, and Amalfi, the March of Ancona, and all the other cities which the King then possessed.
		The Donation of Adrian was subsequently recognized in many official writings, and the Pope for more than four centuries claimed the overlordship of Ireland In 1318 (1317?) Domhnall O'Neill and other kings and chieftains, and the whole laity of Ireland, forwarded to Pope John XXII a letter of appeal and protest.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01156c.htm (3235 words)

	Pope Adrian IV - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		1100 - September 1, 1159) was pope from 1154 to 1159.
		From 1152 to 1154 Nicholas was in Scandinavia as papal legate, organizing the affairs of the new Norwegian archbishopric of Trondheim, and making arrangements which resulted in the recognition of Östra Aros (later moved to Uppsala) as seat of the Swedish metropolitan in 1164.
		At the diet of Besançon in October 1157, the legates presented to Barbarossa a letter from Adrian which alluded to the beneficia or "benefits" conferred upon the emperor, and the German chancellor translated this beneficia in the feudal sense of the presentation of property from a lord to a vassal.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Pope_Adrian_IV (715 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Papal elections and conclaves by century
		As a reprisal for Pope Gellasius II's escape to Gaeta and his refusal to immediately meet with him to discuss the affairs of the Church in Germany, Emperor Henry V named the deposed and excommunicated archbishop of Braga, Portugal, Maurice Bourdin, as antipope.
		Victor IV was excommunicated twice by Alexander III, in 1162 and 1163.
		The decree Licet de vitanda, promulgated by Pope Alexander III in the Lateran III Ecumenical Council, March 19, 1179, stated that "to prevent schisms in future, only the cardinals should have the right to elect the pope, and two-thirds of their votes should be required for the validity of such election.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/conclave-xii.htm (6477 words)

	ScienceDaily: Pope anastasius iv
		Look for Pope anastasius iv in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Pope anastasius iv in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for Pope anastasius iv in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_anastasius_iv (905 words)

	Saints of June 8
		Pope Vigilius forced both to become bishops in 540-- Severinus in Septempeda and Victorinus in Camerino.
		The new pope, Eugenius III, was a Cistercian and sided with the archbishop's opponents, including Saint Bernard of Clairvaux.
		Only when both the pope and the abbot of Fountains were dead was he able to make a successful appeal to Pope Anastasius IV and return in triumph to York.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0608.htm (1581 words)

	YEHEY! Forums Replies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Almost nothing is known of his life, and all of the writings which were thought to have been written by him actually turned out to be fiction or unproveable.
		The Felician Catalogue and the Martyrologies represent him as a martyr, and he is commemorated among the apostles and martyrs, after Saint Linus, Pope Anacletus I, Pope Clement I, in the canon of the mass.
		Nevertheless as Pope Telesphorus being the first bishop of Rome designated a martyr by Irenaeus, the claim to the title of Sixtus and other early bishop of Rome, to the great majority of whom it has been since assigned, is doubtful.
	www.yehey.com /forums/replies.aspx?t=9864&f=61 (1711 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint William of York
		His selection was challenged by reformers, especially a group of Cistercians, and William was accused of simony, sexual misconduct, and being unduly influenced by his connections to the royal court.
		The Vatican investigated, Pope Innocent cleared him of all charges, and confirmed him as archbishop on 26 September 1143.
		In 1154, in the reign of Pope Anastasius IV, William was called from his seclusion, and again ordained archbishop of York; he died a month later.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintw28.htm (249 words)

	Pope Honorius II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		February 13 1130) was Pope from December 21 1124 to February 13 1130.
		The name of Honorius II had also assumed in the previous century (1061-64) by Cadalus; but he was never recognised as legitimate pope.
		Of all the recordings of the Nutcracker that I've heard, this is my favorite (and not just because its from a movie that featured my home town troupe - the PNB).
	www.freeglossary.com /Honorius_II (219 words)

	Color Code (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pope Deusdedit succeeds Boniface IV The Hegira Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina
		Pope Formasus succeeds Stephen VI Arnulf of Germany defeats Vikings at the Battle of the Dyle.
		Pope Leo V succeeds Benedict IV, is deposed with Pope Christopher antipope.
	www.molloy.edu /academic/philosophy/sophia/med_ren/med_chronology.htm (4999 words)

	Prime or Primary: sources (about A.D. 800-1450) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		My best guess is that Inger is remembering this message announcing the discovery of another copy of the "Tartar Relation" and "Speculum Historiale" which may be the source of the text copied into the volume with which the Vinland Map was bound- but which does not appear ever to have contained a map itself.
		Pope John XXI, at Viterbo, to the Archbishop of Nidaros, 4 Dec 1276: Concerning the difficulties of communication with the diocese of Gardar on Greenland, and consequent problems with tithe collection.
		I've had to make a separate page to give some idea of the arguments about its authenticity.
	www.trochos.plus.com /primesauce/sources.htm (3094 words)

	Does the Sovereign Order of Saint John have the authority to grant faculties to priests? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Yes, the Sovereign Order has the authority given to it by the Catholic Church to grant faculties to priests and to procure for itself priests and bishops to carry out the sacred rites of the Church within its possessions and chapels.
		In the words of Pope Anastasius IV in his Papal Bull in 1154, ".
		Bull of Pope Anastasius IV in its entirety.)
	www.wingnet.net /~osj/faq15.htm (222 words)

	Note 54 Chronicle, Manx Soc vol 22
		of Pope Anastasius IV., in 1154, when the Sudreys were expressly annexed to this province as a suffragan diocese, and the times subsequent to the said bull.
		Under date 1193, the Chronicle records the death of Michael, and adds that Nicholas succeeded him not it does not follow that he succeeded immediately, and Munch and others suppose that the date ought to be 1203 Beck suggests even 1213.
		No doubt, by the bull of Anastasius the right of consecration belonged to Nidarós and not to York ; yet the issue of a brief in February 1205, by Pope Innocent III., in which the rights of Nidarós are set forth, would lead to the belief that these rights had been questioned or violated.
	www.isle-of-man.com /manxnotebook/manxsoc/msvol22/note_54.htm (2724 words)

	Leave a message! :: Saint Karol Wojtyla (Pope John Paul II) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pope John Paul II believes that the text refers to the failed assassination attempt by Mehmet Ali Agca on May 13, 1981, against him.
		April/May 1045 to 20 December 1046 Pope Gregory VI Papa Gregorius Sextus, Episcopus Romanus Johannes Gratianus Deposed at the Council of Sutri
		Pope Clement V was born Bertrand de Got in 1264 CE at Villandraut in Gascony.
	www.thedailydig.sphosting.com /wwwboard/836.html (11275 words)

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