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Topic: Pope Benedict III

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	Pope Benedict III
		On the death of Leo IV (17 July, 855) Benedict was chosen to succeed him, and envoys were despatched to secure the ratification of the decree of election by the Emperors Lothaire and Louis II.
		Benedict was accordingly consecrated on the 29th of September, or 6th of October, 855, and though his rival was condemned by a synod, he admitted him to lay communion.
		The most important source for the history of the first nine popes who bore the name of Benedict is the biographies in the Liber Pontificalis, of which the most useful edition is that of Duchesne, Le Liber Pontificalis (Paris, 1886-92), and the latest that of Mommsen, Gesta Pontif.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/benedict_iii,pope.html (458 words)

	Pope Joan - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		Pope Joan is generally regarded by historians as a myth, possibly originating as an anti-papal satire which gained a degree of plausibility due to certain genuine elements related in the story.
		Pope Joan was dragged feet-first by a horse through the streets of Rome, and stoned to death by the outraged crowd.
		Benedict III is otherwise considered to have reigned from 855 to April 7, 858.
	www.egnu.org /thelema/index.php/Pope_Joan (1288 words)

	New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. II: Basilica - Chambers \| Christian Classics Ethereal ...
		Benedict showed his subserviency to the emperor by agreeing to the suppression of the bishopric of Merseburg in a synod at Rome (Sept. 10, 981), without regard to the arguments brought against such a proceeding.
		Benedict, practically a prisoner in his palace, yielded so far (Apr., 1399) as to sign a solemn undertaking to abdicate whenever his rival would do the same or should die or be expelled from Rome; but he secretly protested that his promise was null and void, as having been given under compulsion.
		He was the first pope to concede the title of king of Prussia to the ruler whom the curia had previously styled margrave of Brandenburg; and he yielded to Frederick the Great's wishes so far as to allow the bishop of Brealau to decide all Catholic causes in Prussia, appeals to the pope being forbidden.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc02.benedict.html (5507 words)

	Pope Benedict XIV Summary
		Pope Benedict XIV (1675-1758) was one of the most eminent popes of his century and considered by his contemporaries one of Europe's leading learned minds of the day.
		Popes often gave munificent offices and appointments to nephews in their family; instead the new pope wrote to his nephew and told him not to come to Rome unless invited--and the invitation never came.
		Benedict XIV was also responsible, along with Cardinal Passionei, for beginning the catalogue of the Vatican Library and in 1757, he entrusted the relics of St.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Benedict_XIV (1926 words)

	BENEDICT III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Dark as was the age, there is enough light on the election of Benedict III to show that there is no room for any pope or popess between Benedict and Leo.
		Benedict was stripped of his vestments and kept a prisoner.
		Benedict made a regulation that the pope and all the clergy must attend the funeral of a priest.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp105.htm (461 words)

	Pope Benedict XV Summary
		Arms of Pope Benedict XV Della Chiesa was born at Pegli, a suburb of Genoa, Italy, of noble family, the son of Marchese Giuseppe della Chiesa.
		Benedict XV also promulgated a new Code of Canon Law in 1917 and attempted to improve relations with the anticlerical Republican government of France by canonising the French national heroine Saint Joan of Arc.
		Although one of the less remembered Popes of the twentieth century, Benedict XV was unique in his humane approach in the world of 1914–1918, which starkly contrasts with that of the other great monarchs and leaders of the time.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Benedict_XV (1885 words)

	St. Pachomius Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Benedict was born in Rome and was educated in the Lateran school.
		He was elected pope to succeed Leo IV in 855, after the cardinal priest of S. Marco refused the honor.
		Benedict was enthroned without the consent of the emperor, Louis II, who then set up Anastasius the Librarian as pope and imprisoned Benedict.
	www.voskrese.info /spl/Xbenet3.html (96 words)

	Pope Benedict III and the Dark Ages
		The period in which Benedict lived is known popularly as the Dark Ages, and the dark fact is that, from about 500 to about 1000, when the pagan epic Beowulf appeared, not a single piece of literature was written that anyone but a medieval scholar reads today.
		Benedict was no great scholar, and his three-year custody of the keys of Saint Peter was unremarkable but for his efforts to curb the excesses of the likes of a powerful subdeacon named Hubert.
		Benedict was said to have been the successor of the legendary "Pope Joan," although that story has more satire than sincerity to it.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0417almanac.htm (484 words)

	History of the Mass (2histort.htm)
		Pope St. Leo IV was called home to Heaven on July 17, 855 just as another antipope, one who Leo had excommunicated, waited in the wings and more troubles would ensue with both the Frankish emperors and the Saracens.
		Meanwhile Benedict III's short reign was filled with staving off minor skirmishes and attacks on Rome by solo bands of Saracen marauders, but the Pope rallied the people of Italy to successfully fend off these advances and rebuilt quickly any properties that had been destroyed, fortifying fortresses and walls for the sake of protection.
		The stinging reply by Michael III to St. Nicholas I did not deter the pontiff in asserting his authority as evident when the King of Bulgaria Boris I appealed to the Pope to send missionary priests and a missionary bishop to his land even though the land was under the auspices of the Byzantine Empire.
	www.dailycatholic.org /2histort.htm (2626 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Benedict III
		On being chosen pope, he was imprisoned by forces supporting Cardinal Anastasius for the throne.
		Benedict worked to stop many of these abuses, and chastised the Frankish bishops for permitting them.
		The mythical Pope Joan is often claimed to have held the throne before Benedict, but records of the time indicate there was an unbroken step from Leo to Benedict.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0104.htm (156 words)

	Pope
		(Pope Benedict's controversial speech where he spoke about Islam is here) One of the most misunderstood things about the Pope is this "infallibility" thing.
		Pope Innocent VII (1484-1492) and Pope Leo X (1513-1521) were from the Borgia and Medici families which were kind of like the Sopranos of the middle ages.
		Basically, the biggest reason that the Pope was head of his own country is that it is important that the Church not be interferred with by any other political leaders and if the head of the Church was in a country governed by a political leader it would be vulnerable to outside interference.
	www.davidmacd.com /catholic/pope.htm (4676 words)

	Pope Benedict XVI Online - Collected Writings, Interviews, Articles
		Benedict XVI on His First Encyclical At the end of January 18th, 2006' general audience, Benedict XVI announced the publication of his first encyclical, which is entitled "Deus Caritas Est" (God Is Love).
		Meekness and courage of the Pope in Poland: Benedict XVI in the land of Karol Wojtyla, by Marco Tosatti.
		Pope Benedict XVI and Liturgical Reform, by Dom Alcuin Reed.
	popebenedictxvifanclub.com /benedict_online.html (3601 words)

	ST. HADRIAN III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		He had solidified his position by marrying the niece of Pope Benedict III; but later on, wishing to marry the daughter of Gregory, a high official, he killed his wife almost in public.
		Pope Hadrian III had his eyes put out.
		Except for the exiled Pope St. Martin I, Hadrian III is the first pope since Gregory the Great not to be buried in St. Peter's.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp110.htm (410 words)

	Myth of Pope Joan Refuted (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The myth of "Pope Joan" is the subject of a recent best-selling book "Pope Joan" by Donna Woolfolk Cross, and is the subject of a soon to be released movie, produced by Harry Ufland (producer of The Last Temptation of Christ and One True Thing).
		According to legend, an English woman, disguised as a monk, was elected pope in the year 853 (or 855, depending on the version of the legend).
		Pope Joan said to have reigned as John VIII from 855 to 858 until she was found out.
	www.angelfire.com /ms/seanie/popejoan.html (556 words)

	Pope Joan (Morgana's Observatory)
		Pope Joan is one of the most fascinating, extraordinary characters in Western history -- and one of the least well known.
		Her statue stood undisputed alongside those of the other Popes in the Cathedral of Siena until 1601, when, by command of Pope Clement VIII, it suddenly "metamorphosed" into a bust of Pope Zacharias.
		Hus was condemned for preaching the heretical doctrine that the Pope is fallible.
	www.dreamscape.com /morgana/popejoan.htm (1051 words)

	L'Effort Camerounais (English Version): PERSPECTIVE: Pontifical spotlight of the Benedicts up to Pope Benedict XVI
		Benedict IX was the third layman to be elected and the 145th Pope from October 21, 1032.
		Benedict XII was the 195th successor of the Throne of Peter and reigned from January 8, 1335 to April 25, 1342.
		Benedict XIII was antipope from 1394 to 1423 who reigned in Avignon in opposition to the reigning popes in Rome, during the West Schism (1378 – 1417), when the Roman Catholic Church was split by national rivalries claiming the papal throne.
	www.leffortcamerounais.com /2005/06/strongperspecti.html (4186 words)

	Pope Joan - Mysteries of History - U.S. News Online
		The female pope reportedly was born in Germany of English missionary parents and grew up unusually bright in an era when learned women were considered unnatural and dangerous.
		The chief weakness of the Pope Joan story is the absence of any contemporary evidence of a female pope during the dates suggested for her reign.
		The wooden throne, with a potty-style hole in the seat, is said to have been used until the 16th century in the ceremony of papal consecration.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/doubleissue/mysteries/pope.htm (1185 words)

	Pope Benedict III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Benedict III was Pope from 855 to 7 April 858.
		Benedict intervened in the conflict between the sons of Lothair I (the future Lothair II, Louis II and Charles the Bald, who ironically wasn't bald) on the latter's death.
		If a three-year-term of legendary Pope Joan had existed between the reigns of Pope Leo IV and Benedict, Benedict's term would only have consisted of a few months.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Benedict_III (225 words)

	Interesting Facts
		Their continual presence guarantees the preservation of truth when the Pope and Magisterium, who are successors of Peter and the Apostles, issue statements under certain conditions on faith and morals.
		According to the legend, an English woman disguised herself as a man and was elected to the papacy as John VIII, between St Leo IV and Benedict III around 850.
		Pope John Paul II motto is "De labore Solis" meaning "from the labor of the sun".
	www.popechart.com /FAQ.htm (1878 words)

	Interesting Facts
		The names in Italics without numbers belong to the Popes that have never been acknowledged and are considered to be Anti-popes.
		Pope Luciani was the first Pope in history to name himself with a double name.
		"This morning, September 29, 1978, the Pope's private secretary, as he usually did, went to look for him in his private chapel, since the Pope was not there the secretary went to his room and found him dead in bed, with the lights still on, as if he was reading".
	www.popechart.com /Popelist.htm (182 words)

	Pope Joan
		As Pope John VIII she ruled for two years until one day while riding from St. Peter's to the palace of St. John Lateran, the Pope stopped by the side of the road and gave birth to a baby boy.
		Pope Leo IV died July 17th 855 AD according to official records and Pope Benedict III immediately took the Papacy.
		Pope John VIII did exist and reigned for ten years between 872-882 AD but I can't find any evidence that he was really a woman disguised as a man. Keep in mind that the Protestant were enemies of the Church at the time.
	www.denofheathens.com /2005_apr.html (383 words)

	The Fable of 'Pope Joan'
		Upon the death of Pope Leo IV, she was elected pope, all the while keeping her disguise as a man. At some point she became pregnant by one of her lovers.
		Also, she was not among the official portraits of the popes that line the walls of St. Paul Outside the Walls in Rome.
		One interesting point is that Pope Benedict’s image appears along with the image of the Holy Roman Emperor Lothair on coins minted prior to Sept. 29; this point corroborates that Pope Benedict was recognized from the time of his election as the true pope.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/facts/fm0056.html (1627 words)

	Antipope Anastasius III
		The delegates were finally forced to rescind the decision, and declared Benedict III pope.
		In 869 he was sent by Louis II as part of a royal delegation to Constantinople to arrange a marriage between Ermengard, the daughter of Louis II, and Leo VI, oldest son of Basil I, the Eastern emperor.
		The earliest known writings concerning the legend of the female Pope Joan (855-858) are contained in a chronicle by Anastasius.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=119 (403 words)

	Biography of Pope Benedict the 16th (XVI) - PopeBenedictthe16th.com
		It was in this context, which Pope Benedict XVI himself has described as "Mozartian", that he received his Christian, human and cultural formation.
		He was created and proclaimed Cardinal by Pope Paul VI in the Consistory of 27 June 1977, of the Titles of the Suburbicarian Church of Velletri-Segni (5 April 1993) and Suburbicarian Church of Ostia (30 November 2002).
		On 25 November 1981 he was appointed by Pope John Paul II as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
	www.popebenedictthe16th.com /pope_benedict_biography.htm (829 words)

	Egypt's top Muslim leader demands clearer papal apology - iht,africa,Egypt Pope - Africa & Middle East - ...
		On Sunday, Benedict said he was "deeply sorry" over any hurt caused by his comments made in a speech last week, in which he quoted a medieval text characterizing some of the Prophet Muhammad's teachings as "evil and inhuman" and calling Islam a religion spread by the sword.
		Benedict said the remarks came from a text that didn't reflect his own opinion, but he did not retract what he said or say he was sorry he uttered what proved to be explosive words.
		Extremists said the pope's comments proved that the West was in a war against Islam.
	www.iht.com /articles/ap/2006/09/19/africa/ME_GEN_Egypt_Pope.php (462 words)

	pope benedict xvi \| biography (born 1927)
		Benedict I, the 62nd Pope, came to power in the year 575 but his four-year reign was troubled by war and famine.
		Benedict is highly respected, has been in the Vatican for more than two decades and became one of John Paul II's closest allies.
		Benedict was born in Bavaria on April 16 1927.
	www.leninimports.com /pope_benedict_xvi_biography.html (1066 words)

	What's in a name? \| Catholic-Pages.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Pope John Paul I perhaps did not want to show a preference for one or the other's style of leadership, so chose to emulate and honour them both.
		Pope John Paul I died after only a month as Pope and Karol Wojtyla, from Poland, was elected in his stead.
		Pope John XXIII chose John, after a long line of Popes called Pius (broken by a Leo and a Benedict).
	www.catholic-pages.com /pope/name.asp (675 words)

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