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	Pope Benedict XIII
		Their appeal to Clement IX was fruitless; the pope not only approved the purpose of the young novice, but even shortened his novitiate by half in order to free him from the importunities of his relatives.
		In honour of Benedict XI, a member of the Dominican Order, he took the name of Benedict XIV, which he shortly changed to Benedict XIII as Peter de Luna who had previously borne the name (1394-1423) was a schismatic.
		The pope was ignorant of the peculations and venality of his favourite, whose greed did much to diminish the prestige of the Holy See, and against whom a popular uprising took place on the pope's death, resulting in ten years' imprisonment for this unworthy cardinal.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/benedict_xiii,pope.html (1336 words)

	Pope Benedict XI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Benedict XI was a Dominican and when he was made Master General of the order in 1296, he issued ordinances forbidding public questioning of the legitimacy of Boniface VIII's election on the part of any Dominican.
		Benedict XI's successor, Pope Clement V (1305–14), removed the papal seat from Rome to Avignon, inaugurating the period sometimes known as the Babylonian Captivity (1309–77).
		This biography of a Pope or a claimant to the papacy is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Benedict_XI (417 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Benedict XI
		When, in 1303, the enemies of the pope had made themselves masters of the sacred palace, of all the cardinals and prelates only the two Cardinal-Bishops of Ostia and Sabina remained at the side of the venerable Pontiff to defend him from the violence of William of Nogaret and Sciarra Colonna.
		Benedict, judging a policy of indulgence to be necessary for the restoration of peace with the French court, absolved Philip and his subjects from the censures they had incurred and restored the king and kingdom to the rights and privileges of which they had been deprived by Boniface.
		Benedict XI was beatified in the year 1773.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02429c.htm (635 words)

	Pope Pius XI - ApostolicWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Pope Pius thus became a head of state (albeit the smallest state in the world), the first pope who could be termed as such since the Papal States fell after the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
		Coat of Arms of Pope Pius XI In all cases either the documents were later found, having been misfiled, were discovered to have destroyed quietly on the late pope's orders, or in the aftermath of a papal death an aide had kept the document as a memento of the late pope, not realising its importance.
		Pope Pius XI was buried in the crypt at St.
	www.taac.us /index.php?title=Pope_Pius_XI (2974 words)

	Pope Pius XI Summary
		The Pope judged that it was folly for the French Church to continue to tie its fortunes to the unlikely dream of a monarchist restoration, and found the movement's tendency to defend the Catholic religion in merely utilitarian and nationalistic terms, as a vital contributing factor to the greatness and stability of France, unorthodox.
		Pius XI thus became a head of state (albeit the smallest state in the world), the first Pope who could be termed as such since the Papal States fell after the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
		Pope Benedict XVI has decreed that from September 18, 2006 all documents relative to the pontificate of Pope Pius XI be made available to researchers.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Pius_XI (3748 words)

	Avignon Papacy
		After Gregory XI died, the Romans rioted to ensure an Italian was elected; the cardinals, fearing the crowds, elected an Italian, Pope Urban VI in 1378; but in the same year the majority of them removed themselves to Fondi, and elected a rival Pope from there, Pope Clement VII.
		Finally, the Council of Constance in 1417 deposed John XXIII and the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII, received the resignation of the Roman Pope Gregory XII, and elected Pope Martin V, thereby ending the schism.
		The popes who immediately succeeded him were completely under the influence of the kings of France, and removed the Papal seat from Rome to Avignon, sometimes known as the Babylonian Captivity.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/avignon_papacy.htm (1125 words)

	Pope Benedict XIV Summary
		Pope Benedict XIV (1675-1758) was one of the most eminent popes of his century and considered by his contemporaries one of Europe's leading learned minds of the day.
		Popes often gave munificent offices and appointments to nephews in their family; instead the new pope wrote to his nephew and told him not to come to Rome unless invited--and the invitation never came.
		Benedict XIV was also responsible, along with Cardinal Passionei, for beginning the catalogue of the Vatican Library and in 1757, he entrusted the relics of St.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Benedict_XIV (1926 words)

	BLESSED BENEDICT XI
		BLESSED BENEDICT XI It was a troubled group of cardinals who gathered in conclave after the death of Boniface.
		At his election, then, Benedict XI was a man of loyalty, learned, pious, of a sweet disposition, much more ready to forgive than to fight.
		Benedict XI was beatified by Pope Clement XIV in 1773.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp192.htm (451 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Benedict XI, Blessed, Pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Pope Blessed Benedict XI Reigned from 22 October 1303 to 7 July 1304.
		Later he was made Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia, and defended Pope Boniface VIII against William of Nogaret and the Colonna faction.
		As pope he removed the papal censure from Philip and France, and absolved the cardinals favoring the Colonna.
	www.catholic-forum.com /SAINTS/ncd01183.htm (125 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Benedict XIV
		Benedict decided that the rights of the patriarchate should be divided between the Archbishopric of Görz, in Austria, and that of Udine in the Venetian States.
		Benedict abandoned none of the claims of his predecessors, but the liberal use of his powers had no other aim than the promotion of the arts of peace and industry.
		The fact that Benedict never raised a Jesuit to the cardinalate is attributed to his hostility to the Society; on the other hand, it must be noted that it was to a Jesuit, Emmanuel Azevedo, that he committed the complete edition of his works (1747-51).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02432a.htm (3072 words)

	Pope Benedict XI
		Benedict XI, given name Niccolo Boccasini, Roman Catholic Pope from 1303 to 1304, the son of a notary, was born in 1240 at Treviso.
		Benedict died at Perugia on the 7th of July 1304; if he was really poisoned, as report had it, suspicion would fall primarily on Nogaret.
		Among Benedict's works are commentaries on part of the Psalms and on the Gospel of Matthew.
	www.nndb.com /people/230/000094945 (203 words)

	Pope
		(Pope Benedict's controversial speech where he spoke about Islam is here) One of the most misunderstood things about the Pope is this "infallibility" thing.
		Pope Innocent VII (1484-1492) and Pope Leo X (1513-1521) were from the Borgia and Medici families which were kind of like the Sopranos of the middle ages.
		Basically, the biggest reason that the Pope was head of his own country is that it is important that the Church not be interferred with by any other political leaders and if the head of the Church was in a country governed by a political leader it would be vulnerable to outside interference.
	www.davidmacd.com /catholic/pope.htm (4676 words)

	Fact Sheet: Papal Names - Local News
		Pope Benedict XVI -- formerly Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger -- chose one of a number of papal names of holy origin.
		The last pope to choose the name -- Benedict XV -- served during World War I and was credited with settling animosity between traditionalists and modernists.
		Pope Benedict XI served in the 14th century as political issues were building tension in the church.
	www.nbc6.net /news/4393759/detail.html (460 words)

	Pope Pius XI
		Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti was the Italian pope from 1922 to 1939.
		Nuncio to Poland in 1919, he was made cardinal and archbishop of Milan in 1921 by Pope Benedict XV, whom he was elected to succeed on Feb. 6, 1922.
		However, the encyclical was not published by Pius XI’s successor, Pope Pius XII, in fear of angering the Nazis and thus, endangering the Catholic community of Germany.
	hist.academic.claremontmckenna.edu /jpetropoulos/holocaust/piusxi.htm (381 words)

	PunditGuy: Pope Benedict XVI
		Benedict, which comes from the Latin for "blessing," is one of a number of papal names of holy origin such as Clement ("mercy"), Innocent ("hopeful" as well as "innocent") and Pius ("pious").
		Pope Benedict XVI family was not at all friendly to the fascist german government.
		Pope Benedict when he was drafted right at the end of the war, like many young boys of his age, he deserted the army, risking death.
	www.punditguy.com /2005/04/german_pope.html (2824 words)

	The Symbolism Of 'Benedict' - CBS News
		He chose the name Pope Benedict XVI and called himself "a simple, humble worker." Benedict is one of the more frequent choices made by pontiffs.
		The last pope to choose the name — Benedict XV — served during World War One and was credited with settling animosity between traditionalists and modernists.
		Pope Benedict had the option to pick from any of his 264 predecessors, use his own first name or come up with something new.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2005/04/18/world/main688756.shtml (735 words)

	Interesting Facts
		The names in Italics without numbers belong to the Popes that have never been acknowledged and are considered to be Anti-popes.
		Pope Luciani was the first Pope in history to name himself with a double name.
		"This morning, September 29, 1978, the Pope's private secretary, as he usually did, went to look for him in his private chapel, since the Pope was not there the secretary went to his room and found him dead in bed, with the lights still on, as if he was reading".
	www.popechart.com /Popelist.htm (182 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Conclaves by century
		Both were restored to the cardinalate by Pope Clement V. Of the fifteen cardinals-electors, ten of them, precisely two-thirds, voted for Archbishop de Got, who became the fourth of the six non-cardinals elected pope in the Later Middle Ages.
		Pope Clement V died at Rocquemaure-en-Gard, France, on April 20, 1314.The electoral meeting took place in the Dominican house at Lyons, where on August 7, 1316, Cardinal Jacques d'Euse was elected and took the name John XXII.
		Pope Urban VI soon proved to be a suspicious and capricious pope.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/conclave-xiv.htm (3151 words)

	Pope Benedict XI
		Pope Benedict XI CatholiCity - The Catholic Church Simplified
		He is the author of a volume of sermons and commentaries on a part of the Gospel of St. Matthew, on the Psalms, the Book of Job, and the Apocalypse.
		RTAUD DE History of the Popes (New York, 1867), I, 481-484; Année Dominicaine, vii, 125-54; 874-77; and the monograph of F
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/benedict_xi,pope.html (607 words)

	Saints of July 7
		His soldiers even broke into the house and were met by the pope, dressed in full pontifical vestments and attended by two cardinals, one of whom was Cardinal Boccasini.
		The reign of Benedict XI was too short to give him time to work out any of his excellent plans for settling the troubles of the Church.
		Benedict, sensing what had happened, told them he did not recognize this wealthy woman, and he asked them where was the little widow, pious and poorly dressed, whom he loved so dearly.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0707.htm (2825 words)

	Pope Boniface VIII
		Boniface VIII was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303.
		Boniface's given name was Benedict Cajetan, or Benedetto Gaetano.
		He was regarded as a man of great ability, and was elected in 1294 after Celestine V was persuaded to resign.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bo/Boniface_VIII.html (197 words)

	Cardinal: Ratzinger Chosen To Carry On John Paul's Work - News
		Ratzinger, 78, the 265th pope and a close adviser to the man he succeeded, appeared on St. Peter's Basilica balcony as dusk fell in a red cape over his new white robes amid cheers and chants of "Benedict!" from the thousands who had gathered.
		Benedict is known as a staunch defender of church doctrine.
		Benedict's selection is one of the fastest in the past century.
	www.thewbalchannel.com /news/4392136/detail.html (1048 words)

	Benedict B Biography Reference
		Benedict XVI's Address to B'nai B'rith DelegationCatholic Online, CA - Dec 18, 200619, 2006 (Zenit) - Here is the address Benedict XVI delivered today to members of a delegation from B'nai B'rith International.
		Benedict XVI's Address to B'nai B'rith DelegationZenit News Agency, Italy - Dec 18, 2006Here is the address Benedict XVI delivered today to members of a delegation from B'nai B'rith International.
		At Meeting with Pope Benedict XVI, B'nai B'rith Looks to New Era...Christian News Wire (press release), DC - Dec 18, 200618 /Christian Newswire/ -- Senior B?nai B?rith International leaders and supporters met today in a private session with Pope Benedict XVI.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Reference/Biography/B/Benedict (303 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of November 26
		In 1744, Leonard was sent to Corsica by Pope Benedict XIV to preach and to restore peace there but he was unsuccessful, because the Corsicans felt he was more a political tool of the Genoese who ruled the island than a missionary.
		Directed by a vision of Saint Benedict, he organized the disciples he had attracted into a monastery at Monte Fano near Fabriano in the Marches of Ancona, thus founding the Silvestrine Benedictines, known as the Blue Benedictines from the color of their habit.
		The congregation was approved by Pope Innocent IV in 1247, and Silvester ruled it with "unbounded wisdom and gentleness" for 36 years until his death, by which time 11 monasteries were under his rule.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1126.htm (4046 words)

	'The pope is like Hitler' \| The News is NowPublic.com
		Kabul - Muslim clerics and students in Afghanistan said on Friday that Pope Benedict XVI had shown himself to be among the worst people in history with his "propaganda" against Islam.
		"In the history of humanity, the pope has shown himself to be like Hitler, Lenin and the contemporary dictator and bloodsucker Bush," Habibullah Hisam, said the head of the Kabul provincial council.
		Benedict caused outrage across the Muslim world when he quoted a 14th century Byzantine emperor who said some of the teachings of the Prophet Mohammed were "evil and inhuman".
	www.nowpublic.com /the_pope_is_like_hitler (224 words)

	October 13 DAILY CATHOLIC TEXT Section One (oct13txt.htm)
		Born in Treviso, Italy, Pope Blessed Benedict XI was asked to lead the Church out of the political mess his predecessor had thrown her into in his dealings with Philip IV, also known as Philip the Fair.
		Benedict ignored the threats of excommunication and opted instead to "catch more flies with honey than vinegar." In short, he was a throwback to Pope Saint Celestine V except he was prepared to handle the responsibilities of the papacy and did not back down.
		Pope Saint Victor intervened on Callistus' behalf and sent him to Anzio in Italy where in 217 he was baptized and ordained by the current pope Saint Zephyriunus whom Callistus would succeed.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/Oct/oct13txt.htm (3465 words)

	Blogin Service: POPE BENEDICT (ARNOLD)? ...THE FOX IS IN THE HENHOUSE! by Cliff Mickelson
		Herr Ratzinger, a church theologian and subscriber of a formerly excoriated dogma, is a principle architect of the doctrinal coup-de-etat, who's tenets had been originally rooted out and cast into the wilderness by Pope Pius the Xl in the early part of the 20th century.
		The quotes of Cardinal Ratzinger taken from the Zenit report prove that he is trying to imply, however obscurely, that the popes of the past had kept Catholics in a ghetto by forcing an unnecessary confrontation with the currents of the modern world.
		The apparent failure of Pope John Paul to reform and reinvigorate the Church and to correct the errors of Vatican II, were doomed to failure as a result of the close monitoring of watchdogs such as Cardinal Ratzinger and other modernists who have been deliberate in their approach to the halls of power.
	www.bbsradio.com /weekly_columns/pope_benedict.shtml (454 words)

	Catholic World News : Toward the conclave #5: a brief history of conclaves
		The first conclave to be held at the Vatican was in 1303, for the election that produced Pope Benedict XI.
		In 1870 the Quirinal became the residence of the Italian king, as Rome was established as the capital of the new monarchy.
		But Pope Paul VI had also imposed the rule that cardinals over 80 could not vote in a papal election, so "only" 111 prelates took part in the conclave that would choose the first Roman Pontiff of the post-conciliar Church.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=36406 (1519 words)

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