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	Pope Boniface IX - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Boniface IX saw to it that Ladislas was crowned King of Naples at Gaeta May 29, 1390) and worked with him for the next decade to expel the Angevin forces from southern Italy.
		Boniface IX was defeated in the face of a unified front, and the long controversy was finally settled, to the English King's satisfaction.
		Boniface IX was a frank politician, strapped for cash like the other princes of Europe, as the costs of modern warfare rose and supporters needed to be encouraged by gifts, for 14th century government depended upon such personal support as a temporal ruler could gather and retain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Boniface_IX (1141 words)

	Pope Boniface IX
		Pope Boniface IX Elected at Rome, 2 November, 1389, as successor of the Roman Pope, Urban VI; d.
		Boniface took up the cause of the youthful Ladislaus, heir of Charles III of Naples and Margaret of Durazzo, had him crowned King of Naples at Gaeta (29 May, 1390), and for the next decade aided him efficiently to expel the Angevin forces from Italy.
		Boniface was the first pope to introduce the form of revenue known as annates perpetuæ, or reservation of one-half the first year's fruits of every benefice granted in the Roman Court, this in addition to other traditional expenses.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/boniface_ix,pope.html (1160 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Boniface IX, Pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Boniface IX Reiged from 2 November 1389 to 1 October 1404.
		While pope he recognized Rupert of Bavaria as the ruler of Germany, established the University of Ferrara, and fortified Rome.
		During his pontificate the Papal States, as they appear in the 15th century, were founded; the synod of London in 1396 condemned the anti-papal teachings of Wyclif; and the University of Oxford, when consulted by King Richard II in 1398 issued a document in favor of the pope against the encroachment of temporal rulers.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd01368.htm (101 words)

	Pope Boniface IX Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Boniface IX, né Piero Tomacelli (ca 1350 - October 1, 1404), pope (November 2, 1389 - October 1, 1404), During his time the antipope Clement V continued to hold state as pope in Avignon under the protection of the French monarchy.
		Boniface saw to it that Ladislas was crowned King of Naples (at Gaeta May 29, 1390) and worked with him for the next decade to expel the Angevin forces from southern Italy.
		Boniface was defeated in the face of a unified front, and the long controversy was finally settled, to the English king's satisfaction.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Boniface_IX_Pope.html (964 words)

	Pope Paul VI The World Pays Its Tribute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Honorius I was not only condemned by the Council of Constantinople in 681 because he "followed the wicked teaching of the heretics" but the acts of the Council were signed by the papal legate and duly authenticated by Pope Leo II.
		Pope Paul VI constantly sought to promote and deepen mutual understanding among the churches; this was evinced by his great enthusiasm for the establishment of a Joint Working Group between the Roman Catholic Church and the World Council of Churches.
		Pope Paul VI understood his ministry as an instrument in the service of peace in the world and indefatigably recalled the duty of the church and indeed of every member of the church to contribute to overcoming the menace of war.
	www.sspx.ca /Angelus/1979_April/Pope_PaulVI.htm (3655 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Boniface VIII
		Gregory IX had maintained (1232, 1236), in his conflict with the Greeks and with Frederick II, that Constantine the Great had given temporal power to the popes, and that emperors and kings were only his auxiliaries, bound to use the material sword at his direction (Conciliengesch., 2d ed., V, 102, 1044).
		He was one of the most distinguished canonists of his age, and as pope enriched the general ecclesiastical legislation by the promulgation ("Sacrosanctæ", 1298) of a large number of his own constitutions and of those of his predecessors, since 1234, when Gregory IX promulgated his five books of Decretals.
		Gröne, a German Catholic historian of the popes, says of Boniface (II, 164) that while his utterances equal in importance those of Gregory VII and Innocent III, the latter were always more ready to act, Boniface to discourse; they relied on the Divine strength of their office, Boniface on the cleverness of his canonical deductions.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02662a.htm (9059 words)

	BONIFACE IX
		BONIFACE IX The great western schism was not a schism in the ordinary sense that people revolted from the pope.
		The popes felt powerless to insist on reform or to fight against the encroachments of the state.
		Boniface IX was a Neapolitan of poor but noble birth.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp201.htm (443 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The FOURTEENTH Century 1389-1400 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Urban VI extends the Feast of the Visitation to the whole Church.
		POPE URBAN VI Boniface IX is elected Pope.
		Boniface IX was a Neopolitan of poor but noble birth.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/1389.html (921 words)

	Boniface IX -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		pope from 1389 to 1404; he was the second pontiff to rule in Rome during the Western Schism (1378–1417).
		A central figure during a dark period in papal history (896–898) revolving around the death of Pope Formosus, Boniface was denounced at a Roman council held by Pope John IX in 898.
		The reign of Leo IX is memorable for two reasons: the extensive reforms he implemented within the church and his forceful support of papal supremacy, which led to a formal break with the Eastern Orthodox church in 1054.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9080611 (529 words)

	January 26, 1999 THE HISTORY OF THE MASS AND HOLY MOTHER CHURCH: (jan26his.htm)
		The faithful looked to the Popes as shepherds but they were not tending to their sheep and thus the sheep began to stray, looking for stability in a sea of confusion.
		With the death of Pope Boniface IX, whose papacy started like dynamite and ended with a fizzle, the Sacred Conclave was handed a difficult task: try to find someone to reignite the spark.
		It would be left to his successor Pope Gregory XII to try to clean up the mess as the Church fell further into disarray as we shall see in the next installment: Pope Gregory XII The beginning of the end of the schism.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/99Feb/feb2his.htm (1037 words)

	Late Middle Ages - Pope Boniface IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Boniface IX Boniface IX Second Roman pope of the Schism, Piero Tommasino was elected at Rome in late 1389.
		The papal conflict could be settled by negotiation (and maneuver) between the popes, but never settled by a council, for no entity had authority greater than the pope.
		A second course was proposed, fairly early, and continued to have favor in some circles: both popes would voluntarily resign, clearing the way for the election of a compromise candidate.
	history.boisestate.edu /hy309/papacy/bonifaceix.html (559 words)

	The Jubilee in Church History
		Pope Martin V proclaimed a Holy Year twenty-five years later (rather than thirty-three), with a commemorative Medal and the opening of a Holy Door in St. John Lateran.
		Pope Clement XIV announced the Jubilee, but the Holy Door was opened by his successor Pope Pius VI.
		Pope Pius IX did proclaim the next Holy Year, even though the Holy Door was not opened due to the occupation of Rome by King Vittorio Emmanuele.
	www.ewtn.com /jubilee/history/church1.htm (629 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Boniface IX
		Following the death of Clement, a new Avignon anti-pope, Benedict XIII, was elected, and the conflict continued the rest of Boniface's reign.
		In 1403 Boniface recgonized the deposition of King Wenceslaus and his replacement by Rupert of Bavaria.
		Complaints of Boniface selling benefices and dispensations have come down to us, but these are disputed, and are generally reported by personal opponents of the pope.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0203.htm (295 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The second Roman pope of the Western Schism, Boniface IX was born Pietro Tomacelli in Naples c.
		Boniface refused to convoke a council to end the schism, and when Anti-pope Benedict XIII sent envoys to Rome in 1404, Boniface refused to receive them as equals.
		When Boniface died shortly after their arrival, the Romans took the envoys hostage and received a large ransom for them.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/bonifaceix.html (179 words)

	Of The Election Of The Pope; And Of Such As Have Usurped The Chair
		After the death of Pope Nicholas I (the 108th in the Register), information is obtained from Platina, according to the account of various other authors, relative to the condition of the Roman church at that time; namely, that she had no pope or head for eight years, seven months and nine days.
		Concerning the apostasy of Pope Anastasius II to the tenets of Achacius, bishop of Constantinople, and, consequently.
		Gregory IX caused the emperor's envoys by whom he was informed, that Jerusalem was retaken, to be strangled, contrary to all justice.
	www.homecomers.org /mirror/martyrs008.htm (4153 words)

	January 26, 1999 DAILY CATHOLIC TEXT Section One (jan26dc1.htm)
		Boniface sought to correct the errors of Urban, eliminating any nepotism within the Vatican and assuaging Italian fears by reinforcing the Papal States which over a ten year period would totally drive the Clementines from the Italian and Sicilian shores.
		Boniface was an expert mediator and was able to bring peace to Northern Italy, no small feat considering the circumstances and political intrigue in those regions.
		Boniface tried, but because of his zeal he ran afoul; not because he was devious or immoral, but rather so concerned for the people and so dead-set against the schism that he became a fool who rushed in where angels feared to tread.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/99Jan/jan26dc1.htm (3554 words)

	“Medieval” Period in the West (ca. 600-1500)
		Pope Boniface continues the policy of Clement VI, forbidding the Christians to harm Jews, destroy their cemeteries or forcibly baptize them.
		Pope Martin V favorably reinstates old privleges of the Jews and orders that no child under the age of 12 can be forcibly baptized without parental consent.
		Pope Martin V issues a bull reminding Christians that Christianity was derived from Judaism and warns the Friars not to incite against the Jews.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/med.html (1259 words)

	History of the Jubilee
		When Pope Urban died, however, the new Pope, Boniface IX opened the Holy Door on Christmas Eve 1390, but since the numbers of pilgrims were so great he called a second Holy Year at Christmas 1400.
		It was Pope Leo XIII who called the 22nd Christian Jubilee which opened the 20th century of the Christian era, characterised by six beatifications and two canonizations, (Saint Jean Baptist de La Salle and Saint Rita da Cascia).
		It was during this year that the Pope defined the Assumption into Heaven of Mary, the Mother of Jesus, as a dogma of the Catholic faith.
	www.medjugorje.org /jubileehist.htm (1012 words)

	2000 Italia: Il Papa (The Pope) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1425, and not in 1433, as it had been formerly set, Pope Martin V proclaimed the holy year 1425 with two novelties: a special commemorative jubilee medal and the opening of a holy door in the cathedral of Saint John Lateran.
		In 1500 Pope Alexander VI announced that the doors in the four major basilicas would be opened contemporaneously, and that he himself would open the holy door of Saint Peter's.
		However, this Pope did proclaim the holy year of 1875, although there was no ceremony of the opening of the door due to Rome's occupation by the troops of King Vittorio Emmanuele.
	www.geektimes.com /michael/travel/2000/italia/roma/sanPietroIlPapa.html (1776 words)

	Boniface IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Boniface IX Boniface IX, c.1345–1404, pope (1389–1404), a Neapolitan named Pietro Tomacelli; successor of Urban VI.
		Urban VI - Urban VI, 1318?–1389, pope (1378–89), whose election was the immediate cause of the...
		The Path to a New Pontiff: On the outside, the election of a new Pope is a carefully choreographed ritual steeped in Catholic tradition.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0808252.html (219 words)

	The London Line : Quiz Answers
		The story of Pope Joan is almost certainly a myth of 13th-century origin.
		He was disinterred by Pope Stephen VI, who declared all of his orders null, as the corpse sat on a throne clad in papal vestments.
		Because Pope Boniface IX, the last to bear the name, died in 1404.
	www.thelondonline.co.uk /theline/article.php?articleID=176 (119 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Conclaves by century
		Both were restored to the cardinalate by Pope Clement V. Of the fifteen cardinals-electors, ten of them, precisely two-thirds, voted for Archbishop de Got, who became the fourth of the six non-cardinals elected pope in the Later Middle Ages.
		Pope Clement V died at Rocquemaure-en-Gard, France, on April 20, 1314.The electoral meeting took place in the Dominican house at Lyons, where on August 7, 1316, Cardinal Jacques d'Euse was elected and took the name John XXII.
		Pope Urban VI soon proved to be a suspicious and capricious pope.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/conclave-xiv.htm (3151 words)

	The Great Schism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pope Gregory XI had left Avignon to return to Italy and had re-established the Pontifical See in the Eternal City, where he died on March 27, 1378.
		While these grave and burning discussions were being spread abroad, Boniface IX had succeeded Urban VI at Rome and Benedict XIII had been elected Pope after the death of Clement VII of Avignon.
		Every Bull or letter of the Pope was to be sent to the King; no account was to be taken of privileges granted by the Pope; in future every dispensation was to be asked of the Ordinaries.
	members.aol.com /VATICANSPY/schism.html (1564 words)

	The Minister of Holy Orders
		Pope Martin V, by the Bull “Gerentes ad vos” of 16th November, 1427, conferred the privilege on the Abbott of the Cistercian Monastery of Altzelle (Diocese of Meissen) of promoting all his monks and others subject to him for the term of five years, to the higher Orders also (Sub-diaconate, Diaconate, and Presbyterate).
		Pope Innocent VIII, by the Bull “Exposcit tuae devotionis” of 9th April, 1489, conferred on the four Proto-Abbots of the Cistercian Order and their successors the privilege of ordaining their subordinates to the Sub-diaconate and Diaconate.
		Pope Pius XII wanted to raise a priest in a Communist country to a bishop.
	www.truecatholic.org /pope/ministerholyorders.htm (1440 words)

	Thomas Arundel
		He was charged with assisting to procure the commission of regency in derogation of the royal authority, and sentence of banishment was passed, forty days being given him during which to leave the realm.
		Towards the end of 1397 he started for Rome, and Pope Boniface IX, at the urgent request of the king, translated him to the see of St. Andrews, a step which the pope afterwards confessed he repented bitterly.
		In 1397 he had sought to vindicate his right of visitation over the university of Oxford, but the dispute remained unsettled until 1411 when a bull was issued by Pope Gregory XII recalling one issued by Pope Boniface IX, which had exempted the university from the archbishop's authority.
	www.nndb.com /people/060/000107736 (741 words)

	A Brief History of Celibacy - FutureChurch
		Peter, the first pope, and the apostles that Jesus chose were, for the most part, married men.
		Boniface reported to the pope that in Germany almost no bishop or priest was celibate.
		Ulrich, a holy bishop, argued from scripture and common sense that the only way to purify the church from the worst excesses of celibacy was to permit priests to marry.
	www.futurechurch.org /fpm/history.htm (732 words)

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