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Topic: Pope Clement II

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	Pope Clement II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All this was met with criticism from church reformers, although Clement II's short pontificate, starting with the Roman synod of 1047, initiated an improvement on the state of things in the Catholic church, particularly through enacting decrees against simony.
		Clement II died in October 1047, and was interred at Bamberg, which he had loved dearly.
		Clement II's tomb in the western choir of the Bamberg Cathedral is the only tomb of a Pope north of the Alps.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Clement_II (269 words)

	Pope Clement IV - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Clement, who was in France at the time of his election, was compelled to enter Italy in disguise.
		Charles allowed the Pope to be his feudal overlord (a bone of contention with the Hohenstaufen) and was crowned by cardinals in Rome, where Clement, permanently established at Viterbo, dared not venture, the Ghibelline party was so firmly in control.
		Clement is said to have disapproved of the cruelties committed by his protegé, and there seems no foundation for the statement by Gregorovius that Clement became an accomplice by refusing to intercede for the unfortunate Conradin whom Charles had beheaded in the marketplace of Naples.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Clement_IV (568 words)

	Pope Clement I - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Liber Pontificalis believes that Clement of Rome had personally known Saint Peter, and states that he wrote two letters (the second letter, 2 Clement is no longer ascribed to Clement) and that he died in Greece in the third year of Trajan's reign, or 100.
		Clement is perhaps best known by a letter to the Church in Corinth, often called 1 Clement.
		Clement is also the hero of an early Christian romance or novel that has survived in at least two different versions, known as the Clementine literature, where he is identified with Domitian's cousin T. Flavius Clemens.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Clement_I (475 words)

	Pope Clement VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Clement VIII né Ippolito Aldobrandini (March 1536 - March 5 1605) was pope from 1592 to 1605.
		Clement also Ferrara to the Papal States upon the failure of the Este family to produce an heir the addition of importance to the Pope's temporal The execution of Giordano Bruno February 17 1600 is a blot upon an otherwise pontificate.
		Clement was an able ruler and a statesman the general object of whose policy to free the Papacy from its undue dependence upon Spain.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Clement_VIII (263 words)

	papal resignation
		Pope St. Pontian was martyred in 236 (237), either from ill treatment in general or from a mortal beating.
		Pope Sylvester III was consecrated on Jan. 20, 1045.
		Pope Gregory XII (1406 — 1415) was elected as the legitimate pope at a time when there were two anti-popes: The Avignon Pope, Benedict XIII, who was supported by the French king; and the Pisa Pope, John XXIII, who was supported by conciliarists of the renegade Council of Pisa.
	www.catholicherald.com /saunders/05ws/ws050303.htm (1229 words)

	Pope Clement I
		Pope Clement I is credited with writing a letter to the Church in Corinth, called "1 Clement".
		In his letter, Clement I argues for a strict order of church authority, where the members are to obey church leaders by "submitting the neck", and those who refuse, are against God.
		The letter isn't signed by Clement I, but rather is written in plural, addressed from the Church at Rome to the Church at Corinth, and appears to be instructing, or warning the Church at Corinth to follow the doctrines as outlined by the Church at Rome.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=4 (578 words)

	Pope Saint Gregory VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was he who assisted Nicholas II in promulgating the decree of election, by which the power of choosing the pope was vested in the College of Cardinals, thus freeing the papacy from political intervention.
		He it was who had been chiefly instrumental in the selection of her rulers, who had inspired and given purpose to her policy, and who had been steadily developing and realizing, by successive acts, her sovereignty and purity.
		On Christmas Eve in 1075, as the pope was distributing Holy Communion at Midnight Mass, a gang of hoodlums came into the Church, took Gregory captive and demanded surrender of church property.
	www.sspx.ca /Angelus/1978_November/Pope_GregoryVII.htm (1863 words)

	History of the Mass (11histot.htm)
		All three Popes, one of whom was a saint, sought to reform Holy Mother Church in ethics and morals and were quite successful in their quest, but militarily they fell short.
		The resignation of Pope Benedict IX on July 17, 1048 at the urging of Saint Bartholomew was the final straw that broke the hold of the Roman families over the Popes of Rome.
		Victor II had tremendous influence which was a carry-over to his sway over the Holy Roman Emperor, evident in denying Leo troops from Henry's armies.
	www.dailycatholic.org /hist/11histot.htm (1964 words)

	CLEMENT II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		So general was the disgust at the irresponsible conduct of the Roman nobility that this act, which tended to place the papacy in thraldom to the Emperor, was actually hailed with joy even by reformers.
		At Pesaro he was struck down by illness and on October 9, 1047, Clement II died.
		Clement was an able and holy pope, but his pontificate had been too brief to allow him to do more than make a good start toward reform.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp148.htm (414 words)

	SBU Dept. of History & Political Science: HIS 1113 Lecture Twenty-six (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Introduction: The Coronation of Henry II The Papacy continued to be the pawn of the local Roman warlords except when the Kings of Germany intervened in Italian affairs effectively during the eleventh century.
		In his coronation of Henry II, Pope Benedict VIII had modeled it on a coronation ritual that had been utilized by the Roman Emperor at Constantinople since the fifth century instead of the more ancient ceremony used in the west beginning with the coronation of Charlemagne.
		Pope Leo IX had already died on April 19, 1054, and his death might have been understood as automatically canceling Humbert's legatine authority before he had excommunicated Cerularius.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/hi13le26.html (4529 words)

	Tenth Commandment: "You shall not covet . . . anything that is your neighbor's."
		Clement VII, elected in 1342, had a knack for making his cronies happy, especially his cardinals, so that "they could afford the handsomest little boys — if they were so inclined — or the most beautiful ladies-in-waiting."
		The Most Blessed Father Benedict Gaetani was crowned Pope Boniface VIII in 1294 and was one of the most cruelest, bloodthirsty, sadistic, extravagant, corrupt, greedy, and licentious Vicar of Christ.
		In Martin's insightful book The Keys of This Blood, he provides evidence that Pope Paul II and the Catholic Church are actively campaigning to establish the primacy of their church over the emerging ecumenical worldwide church.
	www.adishakti.org /his_human_adversary/the_tenth_commandment.htm (1431 words)

	Pope Clement II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pope Clement II terms defined : Pope Clement II
		CLEMENT II, pope (December 1046-October 1047), born Suidger, a Saxon, and previously bishop of Bamberg.
		Clement had been chancellor to the Emperor Henry III., to whom he was indebted for his elevation to the Papacy upon the abdication of Pope Gregory VI (December 1046).
	www.termsdefined.net /po/pope-clement-ii.html (378 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Guide to documents and events (76-2005)
		To place an unsurmountable barrier to the ambition of the counts of Tusculum, Clement II renewed in favor of Henry III the privilege given to Charlemagne of confirming the election of the supreme pontiffs.
		Pope and cardinals referred to as "cardos" (hinges) of the Church, epistle, 1049, St. Leo IX (1049-1055) to Michael Cerularius, patriarch of Constantinople (1043-1058).
		The pope should normally be a member of the Roman clergy, but in case of necessity could come from outside Rome.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/guide-xi.htm (835 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Clement II
		Member of the Saxon nobility; son of Count Konrad of Morsleben and Hornburg and his wife Amulrad.
		Chosen 149th pope in December 1046 with the backing of King Henry.
		Chosen pope during a period of turmoil; at one point there were three "popes" in Rome, representing more of local politics than universal religion: Benedict IX, Sylvester III and Gregory VI.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0149.htm (211 words)

	BENEDICT IX
		As Desiderius, the abbot of Monte Cassino (later Pope Victor III), put it, "Devoted to pleasure, he preferred to live like Epicurus rather than like a pope." Consequently, he abdicated and handed over the papacy to the worthy archpriest, John Gratian.
		After the death of Clement II, he once again entered Rome and held sway at the Lateran, but only from November 8, 1047 to July 17, 1048.
		And like the few other bad men who were popes, Benedict taught nothing but the pure doctrine of Christ, though by so doing he condemned and did not excuse his own evil life.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp146.htm (497 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Medieval: Lecture Fifteen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is worth noting that Benedict VIII's coronation of Henry II was done in a new way with the Pope handing the Emperor the orb symbolizing his rule of the entire civilized world.
		Emperor Conrad II In 1024 the dukes of the German region assembled and elected Conrad II (1024-1039), Duke of Franconia and first of the Salian Dynasty.
		Pope Leo IX Leo IX's pontificate (1049-1054) was a major turning point in the history of the papacy.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34632e15.html (5315 words)

	Pope Clement II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Clement II, given name Suidger, became pope on the 25th of December 1046.
		He belonged to a noble Saxon family, was Bishop of Bamberg, and chancellor to the emperor Henry III, to whom he was indebted for his elevation to the papacy upon the abdication of Pope Gregory VI.
		He was the first pope placed on the throne by the power of the German emperors, but his short pontificate was only signalized by the convocation of a council in which decrees were enacted against simony.
	www.nndb.com /people/190/000094905 (118 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Clement II, Pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pope Clement II Reigned from 25 December 1046 to 9 October 1047.
		Born in Saxony, Germany as Suidger; died near Pesaro, Italy.
		Bishop of Bamberg, he was proposed for the papacy by King Henry III, whom he later crowned emperor and upon whom he bestowed the title "Patricius." He opened his short pontificate with reform measures attacking simony, and died on the way to Rome from a triumphal tour of southern Italy with Henry.
	www.catholic-forum.com /SAINTS/ncd02077.htm (74 words)

	Can the Pope Retire?
		Silverius, who was consecrated pope on June 1, 536, was the first pope forcibly deposed.
		He was the nephew of Pope Benedict VIII (1012 - 1024) and Pope John XIX (1024 - 1032), and a member of one of the powerful families.
		Pope Gregory XII (1406 - 1415) was elected as the legitimate pope at a time when there were two anti-popes: The Avignon Pope, Benedict XIII, who was supported by the French king; and the Pisa Pope, John XXIII, who was supported by conciliarists of the renegade Council of Pisa.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/religion/re0786.html (1221 words)

	Clement -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He was a leader of the cardinals who declared the unpopular Italian pope Urban VI's election invalid, and he was chosen antipope at Fondi, Papal States, as Clement VII on Sept. 20, 1378.
		The church's dual papacy caused profound confusion in territories that were uncertain which pope to obey; the difference on this issue between England and France prolonged the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453).
		Clement Vallandigham was born in New Lisbon, Ohio, on July 29, 1820.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9024312 (938 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of November 23
		Clement's constant references to jealousy are to rebuke the church at Corinth, where hotheads had overthrown the lawful Christian leaders and unbelievers were mocking the Christian faith.
		Clement, first bishop of Metz, was sent from Rome to evangelize that district of Roman Gaul (Benedictines).
		Pope Saint Gregory's letters to Queen 0903Brunhilda and her grandson on the need of ending simony, especially from the episcopate, lead us to believe that the bishops of Burgundy and Austrasia were not the men to correct Merovingian morals.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1123.htm (6961 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1095 the high altar was consecrated by Paschal II, on 25 Oct., and work continued on the abbey until 1130, when the whole church, with the exception of the Narthex, was consecrated by Innocent II, also on 25 Oct., which we see illustrated in a page from a later lectionary.
		Pope Innocent II must've been getting pretty familiar with Burgundy: Autun and Cluny were consecrated in 1130, and Vezelay in 1132.
		The church in Toulouse was consecrated by Pope Urban II in 1096, and was governed by the Augustinian Canons (i.e.
	www.medieval.pdx.edu /medart1/6rom-scu/6rom-scu.htm (12860 words)

	2 Clement
		Although known as 2 Clement, this document is in actuality an anonymous homily of the mid-second century.
		An early Christian epistle transmitted along with 1 Clement in the biblical Codex Alexandrinus (late 4th century) and the later Jerusalem Codex (1056) which includes the Didache, as well as in the Syriac version.
		It was not written by the author(s) of 1 Clement and, indeed, it is not a letter but a sermon on self-control, repentance, and judgment.
	www.earlychristianwritings.com /2clement.html (534 words)

	Frederick II, Stupor Mundi
		Even within his own lifetime Frederick II was widely regarded as one of the most brilliant rulers in the history of European monarchy, combining in a unique mixture the cultural heritage of his German father and Sicilian mother.
		Frederick II himself was fluent in six languages and a student of mathematics, philosophy, natural history, medicine and architecture.
		Later, with Frederick II's son Manfred on the throne of Sicily, Pope Clement IV found the key for a major victory.
	www.boglewood.com /sicily/frederick2.html (437 words)

	notes2
		Henry IV repented for his sins and begged the Pope for forgiveness by standing in the snow for three days before he was allowed a meeting with the Pope where forgiveness was actually granted.
		Pope Clement V and Avignon (1305)- Pope Boniface died during the dispute with Philip.
		Philip arranged, after Boniface’s death for a French leader to be elected Pope and for the seat or “capital” of the Catholic Church to be moved from Rome to the French city of Avignon.
	users.gloryroad.net /~cmonte/WHnotes4.html (5195 words)

	"More Catholic Than the Pope" — New Book Responds to Arguments Raised by Extreme Traditionalists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Pope approaved of altar girls communion in the hand and the whole list and he has appointed official female theologians and reversed the statements that a women should be submissive to her husband.
		Popes have issued official proclamations that had to be reworded by subsequent Popes,bishops were often disobedient and paid more attention to the prevailing politics than the Holy Fathers and history often is subject to revision.
		Actually if a pope defines something under the definition in Vatican I which is a very narrow definition with bounderies being oversteped with the conciliar popes, then he is protected from error- that is a doctrine of the Church which we must believe in order to be Catholic.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-religion/1182585/posts?page=689 (11190 words)

	In papacy's history, only a handful have resigned
		The increasing physical incapacity of Pope John Paul II, who is recovering from a severe respiratory infection, is prompting questions about his ability to continue leading the Roman Catholic church.
		Four popes died in exile or in prison, six were assassinated, two died of wounds received in the course of riots and one was killed when a roof collapsed.
		Several popes were resigned or martyred as the Roman Empire collapsed, and the eternal city -- sacked and depopulated by barbarian hordes -- fell prey to quarreling factions.
	www.turkishpress.com /news.asp?ID=37126 (580 words)

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