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Topic: Pope Clement III

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Pope Clement IX

Pope Clement II

Antipope Clement III

Pope Clement VI

Pope Innocent III

Pope Clement XI

Pope Clement I

Pope Clement IV

Pope Clement VII

Pope Clement V

Pope Clement VIII

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	Pope Innocent III
		One of the greatest popes of the Middle Ages, son of Count Trasimund of Segni and nephew of Clement III, born 1160 or 1161 at Anagni, and died 16 June, 1216, at Perugia.
		If the pope finds that the king who has been elected by the princes is unworthy of the imperial dignity, the princes must elect a new king or, if they refuse, the pope will confer the imperial dignity upon another king; for the Church stands in need of a patron and defender.
		The pope now began to treat with King Philip Augustus of France and with the German princes, with the result that most princes renounced the excommunicated emperor and elected in his place the youthful Frederick II of Sicily, at the Diet of Nuremberg in September, 1211.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/i/innocent_iii,pope.html (4218 words)

	Pope Clement III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Clement III (or Paolo) (died March 27, 1191), born Paulino Scolari, was elected Pope on December 19, 1187 and reigned until his death.
		A Roman by birth, he was made cardinal bishop of Palestrina by Pope Alexander III (1159–81) in 1180 or 1181.
		In spite of his conciliatory policy, Clement III angered Henry VI of Germany (1190–97) by bestowing Sicily on Tancred (1189–94).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Clement_III (262 words)

	Pope Clement VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Clement VII né Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici (1478 - September 25 1534) was pope from 1523 to 1534.
		This pope was an illegitimate son Giuliano de' Medici who was assassinated in the Pazzi Conspiracy against the Medici ; he was thus the nephew of Lorenzo de' Medici and cousin of Pope Leo X.
		Rome was assaulted and sacked on May 6 1527 and Clement who had displayed no resolution in his military than in his conduct was shortly afterwards obliged to surrender together with the castle of Sant' Angelo where he had taken refuge.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Clement_VII (690 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Clement III
		Seated in the Lateran, Pope Clement turned his attention to the gigantic task of massing the forces of Christendom against the Saracens.
		The death of the pope's chief vassal, William II of Sicily, precipitated another unfortunate quarrel between the Holy See and the Hohenstaufen.
		By a wise moderation Clement succeeded in quieting the disturbances caused by contested elections in the Dioceses of Trier in Germany and St. Andrews in Scotland.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04018a.htm (468 words)

	Pope Paul III Summary
		Under Pope Clement VII (1523–34) he became Cardinal Bishop of Portus (Ostia) and dean of the College of Cardinals, and on the death of Clement VII in 1534, was elected as Pope Paul III.
		Paul III was in earnest in the matter of improving the ecclesiastical situation, and on June 2, 1536, he issued a papal bull convoking a general council to sit at Mantua in 1537.
		Paul III proved unable to suppress the Protestant Reformation, although it was during his pontificate that the foundation was laid for the Counter-Reformation.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Paul_III (1866 words)

	AN ABRIDGED HISTORY OF ROME - PART II - IV - THE RISE AND FALL OF THEOCRATIC POWER
		Pope Honorius III, the successor to Pope Innocent III, was a member of the Savelli, another important Roman family who had their residence on the Aventine.
		Pope Gregory X was eventually elected and he tried to counterbalance the Angevin influence by soliciting the German princes to appoint a new emperor, thus ending the period of confusion which had followed the death of Conradin.
		Giovanni in Laterano: Pope Boniface VIII blessing the crowd during the Jubilee (fresco traditionally attributed to Giotto); monument to the pope by Francesco Borromini.
	www.romeartlover.it /Storia16.html (3185 words)

	HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH*
		Urban, who had been consecrated pope outside of Rome, was able, 1088, with the aid of the Normans, to enter the city and possess himself of all its parts except the castle of St. Angelo, which remained in the hands of the followers of Wibert.
		The pope represented to the synod that, while in the custody of the emperor, with many bishops and cardinals, he had conceded to him the right of investiture to avoid greater evils, and had promised him immunity from excommunication.
		The conflict between the pope and the emperor for supremacy was repeated, on a smaller scale, in England, between the archbishop of Canterbury and the king, and was settled for a season in favor of the hierarchy, several years before the Concordat of Worms.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/history/5_ch03.htm (6878 words)

	Pope Clement V Summary
		He was elected Pope Clement V in June 1305, after a year's interregnum occasioned by the disputes between the French and Italian cardinals, who were nearly equally balanced in the conclave, which had to be held at Perugia.
		From the very day of Clement V's coronation, the King had charged the Templars with heresy, immorality and abuses, and the scruples of the Pope were compromised by a growing sense that the burgeoning French State might not wait for the Church, but would proceed independently.
		Clement V is often remembered for his nepotism, avarice, weakness and cunning, and often vilified as a willing collaborator in the designs of France against the Pope, who ushered in a century of schism: in the Divine Comedy, Dante is shown the place which awaits Clement V in the eighth circle of Hell.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Clement_V (1336 words)

	Pope Clement VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Clement VI né Pierre Roger (1291 - December 6 1352) pope (1342 -1352) the fourth of the Avignon popes was elected in May 1342.
		Like his immediate predecessors he was devoted France and he further evinced his French sympathies by refusing a solemn invitation return to Rome and by purchasing the of Avignon from Joanna queen of Naples for 80 000 crowns.
		The other chief incidents of his pontificate his disputes with Edward III of England on account of the latter's encroachments ecclesiastical jurisdiction his excommunication of the Emperor Louis of Bavaria his negotiations for reunion with the Eastern Church and the commencement of Cola di Rienzi 's agitation at Rome.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Clement_VI (273 words)

	Antipope Clement III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The main cause of the quarrel was Pope Gregory's insistence of ending clerical concubinage and simony and of ejecting from the ministry refractory bishops and priests who continued to keep their concubines.
		The latter on receipt of this news again entered Rome on March 21, 1084, and succeeded in gaining possession of the greater part of the city and besieged the Pope in the Castle of Sant' Angelo, while, on March 24, Guibert was enthroned as pope in the church of St.
		Clement was notoriously regarded as the champion of the simoniacal and anti-celibacy and pro-clerical concubinage party, although he went through the notions of legislating against these abuses, and, through the leeway he granted the cardinals supporting him, contributed to the development of the College of Cardinals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Clement_III (1525 words)

	Innocent III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Stephen Langton, whom Lothar as Pope Innocent later appointed archbishop of Canterbury, and Robert of Courson, whom he appointed as a papal legate and later raised to the cardinalate, were among his fellow students.
		Pope Clement III elevated him to the office of cardinal deacon of SS.
		The pope's challenge was to mediate the imperial succession while preserving the rights of Frederick and, especially, maintaining the integrity of the Papal States and papal power.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/innocent3.html (2927 words)

	The Renewal of Papal Power, 1050-1200
		The goal of reform: the cultic "purity of the church." "The church shall be catholic, chaste, and free: catholic in the faith and fellowship of the saints, chaste from all contagion of evil, and free from all secular power" (Gregory VII).
		The Pope agreed to Henry's supervision of elections in Germany, his right to resolve disputed elections, and his right to confer regalia and receive homage (before consecration in Germany, 6 months after consecration elsewhere).
		Clement III was still around but effectively ignored.
	www.etss.edu /hts/hts2/notes21.htm (1459 words)

	Pope Clement I
		In 609, Pope Boniface IV (608-615) had "twenty-eight cartloads of sacred bones" placed under the high alter when he converted the Pantheon into a Christian church.
		In his letter, Clement I argues for a strict order of church authority, where the members are to obey church leaders by "submitting the neck", and those who refuse, are against God.
		The letter isn't signed by Clement I, but rather is written in plural, addressed from the Church at Rome to the Church at Corinth, and appears to be instructing, or warning the Church at Corinth to follow the doctrines as outlined by the Church at Rome.
	www.archelaos.com /popes/details.aspx?id=4 (562 words)

	Pope Innocent III: Article
		Innocent is regarded by Roman Catholics as one of the greatest popes of the Middle Ages, and by others as one of the most harmful men ever to have lived.
		Pope Innocent III confirmed that those who took Jesus' teaching on this matter literally were heretics, and that they deserved to die.
		In 1199, Pope Innocent III declared heresy to be high treason against God, and of course the penalty for that was death.
	www.languedoc-france.info /articles/a_innocent.htm (1259 words)

	Clement VII (pope) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Clement VII (pope) (1478-1534), pope (1523-1534), whose pontificate was marked by an unsuccessful attempt to end the Reformation in Germany and by...
		Two of the most celebrated Renaissance popes, Leo X and Clement VII, were members of the Medici family.
		Among Cellini's most famous patrons were Pope Clement VII, Pope Paul III, Francis I of France, and Cosimo I de Medici.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Clement_VII_(pope).html (146 words)

	Papal Prophecies - Crystalinks
		Clement XIII (1758-69), who had conenctions with the government of the Italian state of Umbria and whose emblem was a rose, was called by Malachy Rosa Umbriae, the "Rose of Umbria."
		The corresponding pope was John Paul I (1978-78), who was born in the diocese of Belluno (beautiful moon) and was baptized Albino Luciani (white light).
		Prophecy - The 110th Pope is "De Labore Solis" (Of the Solar Eclipse, or, From the Toil of the Sun).
	www.crystalinks.com /papalprophecies.html (2430 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of cardinals of the XII Century
		Excommunicated by Pope Alexander III in 1162 and 1163.
		Pope Clement VII had it demolished around 1530 because it was in ruins.
		Pope Gregory VIII was elected on October 21, 1187 and died on December 17, 1187.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xii.htm (6898 words)

	Pope Clement III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Clement III, given name Paolo Scolari, Roman Catholic pope from 1187 to 1191, a Roman, was made cardinal bishop of Palestrina by Alexander III in 1180 or 1181.
		He settled a controversy with William of Scotland concerning the choice of the Archbishop of St. Andrews, and on the 13th of March 1188 removed the Scottish church from under the legatine jurisdiction of the archbishop of York, thus making it independent of all save Rome.
		In spite of his conciliatory policy, Clement angered Henry VI of Germany by bestowing Sicily on Tancred.
	www.nndb.com /people/193/000094908 (164 words)

	Pope Joan (Morgana's Observatory)
		Pope Joan is one of the most fascinating, extraordinary characters in Western history -- and one of the least well known.
		Her statue stood undisputed alongside those of the other Popes in the Cathedral of Siena until 1601, when, by command of Pope Clement VIII, it suddenly "metamorphosed" into a bust of Pope Zacharias.
		Hus was condemned for preaching the heretical doctrine that the Pope is fallible.
	www.dreamscape.com /morgana/popejoan.htm (1051 words)

	The Papacy during the Crusades (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pope Paschal II inherited the Investiture Struggle from Gregory and Urban, and this matter occupied much of his attention.
		Although the anti-pope Clement III died not long after Paschal became pope, Emperor Henry IV continued to put forward other candidates.
		Henry V had posed as a champion of the pope while he was in rebellion against his father, but once he himself was elected King of the Romans (in 1106), a split soon opened between the new emperor and the pope.
	crusades.boisestate.edu /europe/papacy/04.shtml (449 words)

	Interesting Facts
		The names in Italics without numbers belong to the Popes that have never been acknowledged and are considered to be Anti-popes.
		Pope Luciani was the first Pope in history to name himself with a double name.
		"This morning, September 29, 1978, the Pope's private secretary, as he usually did, went to look for him in his private chapel, since the Pope was not there the secretary went to his room and found him dead in bed, with the lights still on, as if he was reading".
	www.popechart.com /Popelist.htm (182 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Innocent III
		Related to Pope Gregory IX and Pope Alexander IV.
		The people and barons supported the pope, and John submitted, receiving England and Ireland in fief from the pope, promising annual tribute to the Vatican.
		The pope stood with John against the barons when they forced him to grant the Magna Carta; Innocent declared it null as exacted by force, and as a vassal's promise made without his overlord's approval.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0176.htm (567 words)

	Clement XI ( Albani )
		The Pope is laying the first brick on the threshhold.
		Bust of the pope, r., wearing camauro, mozzetta and stole.
		The ancient foundation (mentioned by St. Jerome in 392) was destroyed in 1084, and rebuilt beginning in 1108 by Pope Paschal II.
	www.csun.edu /~hcfll004/ClemXI.html (214 words)

	Apostolica Legatia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Normans, elected Pope Victor III, an abbot of Monte Cassino, who was forced by Clement III to spend his papacy almost entirely in Cassino.
		At the death of Honorius, Nicholas IV was elected pope, and broke a treaty sponsored by Edward, King of England, for a lasting peace in Sicily.
		Pope Urban V initiated the negotiations for the end of that war and they were concluded by Pope Gregory XI, August 12, 1372, with the treaty of Avignon.
	home.att.net /~ilsiciliano/page02_the_apostolica_legatia.htm (2341 words)

	Pope Urban II (c. 1035-1099) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As pope, Urban II found active support for his policies and reforms among several groups: the nobility, whose mentality and interests he knew; the monks; the canons regular, for whom he became patron and legislator; and also, increasingly, the bishops.
		Urban felt that his most urgent task was to secure his position against the antipope Clement III and to establish his authority as legitimate pope throughout Christendom.
		Urban was beatified in 1881 by Pope Leo XIII.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/urban.html (828 words)

	St Clement
		St Clement, the son of Faustinus, a Roman by birth, was of Jewish extraction; for he tells us himself that he was of the race of Jacob.
		Clement puts pastors and superiors in mind that, with trembling and humility, they should have nothing but the fear of God in view, and take no pleasure in their own power and authority.
		Clement inculcates,[2] that the spirit of Christianity is a spirit of perfect disengagement from the things of this world.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/CLEMENT.htm (1704 words)

	Bologna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Later in 1189 Pope Clement III issued a bull that spoke of the "masters and scholars" at Bologna.
		Appeals were sometimes taken to the pope, who as a rule decided in favor of the university.
		In 1219 churchmen were forbidden to study medicine by Honorius III and there was no regularly organized school of medicine until Thaddeus of Florence began his teaching, about 1260.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /WestCivI/bologna.htm (1110 words)

	BENEDICT IX
		As Desiderius, the abbot of Monte Cassino (later Pope Victor III), put it, "Devoted to pleasure, he preferred to live like Epicurus rather than like a pope." Consequently, he abdicated and handed over the papacy to the worthy archpriest, John Gratian.
		With Sylvester III and Benedict IX fighting Gregory for the control of Rome, things were in a frightful muddle.
		And like the few other bad men who were popes, Benedict taught nothing but the pure doctrine of Christ, though by so doing he condemned and did not excuse his own evil life.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp146.htm (497 words)

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