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	Pope Clement IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clement IV, who was in France at the time of his election, was compelled to enter Italy in disguise.
		Charles allowed the Pope to be his feudal overlord (a bone of contention with the Hohenstaufen) and was crowned by cardinals in Rome, where Clement IV, permanently established at Viterbo, dared not venture, the Ghibelline party was so firmly in control.
		Clement IV is said to have disapproved of the cruelties committed by his protegé, and there seems no foundation for the statement by Gregorovius that Clement IV became an accomplice by refusing to intercede for the unfortunate Conradin whom Charles had beheaded in the marketplace of Naples.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Clement_IV (514 words)

	Pope Urban IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Urban IV was the son of a cobbler of Troyes, France.
		Italy commanded Urban IV's full attention: the long confrontation with the late Hohenstaufen Frederick II had not been pressed during the mild pontificate of Alexander IV, while it devolved into interurban struggles between nominally pro-papal Ghibellines and even more nominally pro-Imperial Guelf factions, in which Frederick II's heir Manfred was immersed.
		Urban IV's military captain was the condottiere Azzo d'Este, nominally at the head of a loose league of cities that included Mantua and Ferrara.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Urban_IV (553 words)

	Pope Clement IV
		Clement was kept busy reminding him of the terms of his treaty, reproving his excesses and those of his officials, and warning him that he was gaining the enmity of his subjects.
		The fable that Pope Clement advised the execution of the unfortunate prince by saying "The death or life of Conradin means the life or death of Charles", is of a later date, and opposed to the truth.
		Clement followed "the last of the Hohenstaufen" to the grave just one month later, leaving the papacy in a much better condition than when he received the keys of St. Peter.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/clement_iv,pope.html (1011 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Clement VI
		In his attempt to strengthen the Guelph party in Italy the pope met with failure, and was constrained to cede the city of Bologna to the Archbishop of Milan for a period of twelve years.
		Edward III vehemently complained of the exactions of the Avignon Court, and in 1351 was passed the Statute of Provisors, according to which the king reserved the right of presentation in all cases of papal appointments to benefices.
		Clement VI was nevertheless a protector of the oppressed and a helper of the needy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04023a.htm (1420 words)

	Pope Clement VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Clement VIII né Ippolito Aldobrandini (March 1536 - March 5 1605) was pope from 1592 to 1605.
		Clement also Ferrara to the Papal States upon the failure of the Este family to produce an heir the addition of importance to the Pope's temporal The execution of Giordano Bruno February 17 1600 is a blot upon an otherwise pontificate.
		Clement was an able ruler and a statesman the general object of whose policy to free the Papacy from its undue dependence upon Spain.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Clement_VIII (263 words)

	AllRefer.com - Clement IV, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Clement IV, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		As pope he continued the struggle against the Hohenstaufen by confirming the agreement with Charles I (Charles of Anjou) that gave Charles the crown of Naples, by raising an army for him, and by investing him with the kingdom.
		He was a strong opponent of nepotism, and he was the patron of Roger Bacon.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Clement4.html (248 words)

	June 11th
		Clement was an old soldier, and, however arbitrary he may have been in temper, he appears to have cared little for popular prejudices.
		In 1266, the year after he became pope, he despatched a brief to Bacon, enjoining, not-withstanding the order of any ecclesiastical superior or any rule of his order to the contrary, that he should communicate to him a copy of the important work which had been the subject of their previous correspondence.
		When, ten years afterwards, the persecuting general of the Franciscans became pope himself, under the name of Nicolas IV, Bacon still remained a close prisoner, and it was only, we are told, towards the close of Nicolas's life that some of his friends were able to exercise sufficient interest to obtain his freedom.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/june/11.htm (3287 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistories of the XIII Century
		Pope Celestine IV was elected on October 25, 1241 and died on November 10, 1241.
		Pope Leo XIII confirmed on March 9, 1898, the immemorial veneration of this Pope as a Blessed.
		Pope Innocent V was elected on January 21, 1276 and died on June 22, 1276.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xiii.htm (2494 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Clement IV, Pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pope Clement IV Pope from 5 February 1265 to 29 November 1268.
		As pope he was noted for his asceticism and his hatred of nepotism.
		Owing to Ghibelline antagonism Clement never reached Rome, but died at Viterbo, where he had been crowned.
	www.catholic-forum.com /Saints/ncd02079.htm (82 words)

	Electing a New Pope \| Ask a Franciscan - May 2005 Issue of St. Anthony Messenger Magazine Online
		In 1996, Pope John Paul II reaffirmed Pope Paul VI’s 1970 decision that only the cardinals younger than 80 when the vacancy begins may vote for the new pope, and that 120 is the maximum number of electors.
		The pope later wrote, “I also ask the one who is elected not to refuse, for fear of its weight, the office to which he has been called, but to submit humbly to the design of the divine will.
		In the Introduction to this document, Pope John Paul II explained: “The reason for this provision is the desire not to add to the weight of such venerable age the further burden of responsibility for choosing the one who will have to lead Christ’s flock in ways adapted to the needs of the times.
	americancatholic.org /Messenger/May2005/Wiseman.asp (1255 words)

	May 5 THE HISTORY OF THE MASS AND HOLY MOTHER CHURCH: (may5his.htm)
		This handcuffed Pope Clement IV, successor to Pope Urban IV, who was embroiled between the bitter fighting in Italy between the Ghibellines - the faction of Italians and Sicilians who opposed the Pope, and the Guelfs - those loyal to Rome.
		What Clement didn't realize was that, though he had eliminated one threat in Conradin, he had created a "monster" in the growing power of Charles of Angiou, who, because of his French blood, became more of an enemy to the Italians.
		Clement had been corresponding with the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus in hopes of reconciling East and West, but Michael, who had taken Constantinople from the Latins, was playing his trump card and, worried that Charles would advance on his city to try to regain control, strung the Pope along.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/May/may5his.htm (1187 words)

	Caxton Project -- Women in the Middle Ages
		Pope Urban IV (1261-1264), son of a shoemaker of Troyes, decided to commemorate his family and native city by constructing a large church in the latest gothic style on the very site of his childhood home.
		Through unheard of insolence and arrogance against God and religious propriety, the abbess and nuns of the convent of Notre-Dame of Troyes vilely wished to demolish the new church of Saint-Urbain of Troyes which was built through privileges and subsidies from the Holy See.
		However, the abbess and some nuns of the Benedictine convent of Notre-Dame of Troyes along with armed men — as the dean and chapter of Saint-Urbain related to me — surrounded the archbishop and prevented him from entering the church by closing the church doors, even though he was carrying out a papal mandate.
	web.mountain.net /sootypaws/caxton/women/nuns.html (721 words)

	VtM - Rules: The Church Knights. Book 3 - The Orders
		POPE CLEMENT IV The ascension of Clement IV (Bertrand de Got) to the papacy was an ill-omened one.
		Clement, as bishop of Bordeaux, was known as a weak and greedy man, honor-bound and averse to responsibility.
		Clement's order for a full papal investigation may have been intended to prove such accusations ridiculous - only to be hijacked by Philip's puppet cardinals that Clement had himself appointed.
	vampirerpg.free.fr /Rules/CK/Book3.html (8791 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The Twelfth Century-1263-1300 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pope Urban IV Decrees Corpus Christi as a Solemnity.
		Pope Clement IV was in correspondence with the Byzantine Emperor, Michael VIII Palaeologus, who in 1261 liberated Constantinople from the Latins and who now wished the Pope to prevent the expedition King Charles was planning for the recovery of the city; the Emperor also indicated his eagerness for Church union.
		Pope Nicholas IV arranged for Giovanni Colonna to be elected sole Senator.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/1263.html (3048 words)

	CLEMENT IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Urban IV sent him as legate to England to settle the troubles between Henry III and the barons.
		Clement IV was holy and capable, but the Sicilian affair consumed most of his short time.
		Clement IV died at Viterbo on November 29, 1268.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp181.htm (469 words)

	papal conclave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Given this background, when the pope dies, there is a nine-day period of mourning, during which time the prescribed funeral rites are performed.
		Pope John Paul II asserted, "I further confirm by my apostolic authority the duty of maintaining the strictest secrecy with regard to everything that directly or indirectly concerns the election process itself" (Intro.).
		Although later rescinded, the Council also mandated that if a pope was not elected after three days, then the cardinals would only have one meal at noon and one at night; and if a pope was not elected after five days, they would receive only bread, water and wine.
	www.catholicherald.com /saunders/05ws/ws050310.htm (1024 words)

	Clement IV -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The holder of numerous church offices, he was made cardinal in 1585 by Pope Sixtus V and elected pope as Clement VIII on Jan. 30, 1592.
		His conflict with Pope Gregory VII over which of them could appoint high clergy was not resolved until 1122 at the Concordat of Worms, during the reign of Henry's son, Henry V. Philip IV
		Pope Gregory VII's 11th-century removal of Henry IV from the throne of Germany, one of the episodes of the Investiture Controversy.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9024309 (644 words)

	Conquest of Sicily by Anjou French (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pope Gregory IX's 1228 invasion was repelled by Frederick during his lifetime, but after Frederick's death Pope Clement IV took a more subtle and indirect approach to unseat Frederick's illegimate son Manfred.
		Clement induced Charles, Count of Anjou and brother of King Louis IX of France, to take up his cause.
		In 1265 Clement declared Charles to be new King of Sicily--but only as a feudal subject of the Pope, of course.
	www.boglewood.com /sicily/angevins.html (178 words)

	Explosives
		His interests in the sciences continued and in 1266 Bacon wrote to Pope Clement IV proposing a science encyclopedia.
		Pope Clement IV misunderstood what Bacon was proposing and assumed the encyclopedia already existed.
		But In 1268 Pope Clement IV died along with Bacon's chance to see the project accepted (only parts of the manuscript were ever published).
	web.fccj.org /~ethall/explode/explode.htm (1170 words)

	Roger Bacon - The Friar from Somerset
		Pope Clement IV was the reigning pope at this time and Bacon decided to write to him with what can only be described as a grant proposal similar to what a scientist might make today.
		Unofficially it would create an umbrella for him to freely espouse all sorts of "radical" notions not least of which was the idea that much could be learned about creation by simply observing and carrying out experiments.
		As Pope he would not show the tolerance that Clement IV had done.
	www.scienceandyou.org /articles/ess_03.shtml (903 words)

	Tomb of Pope Clement IV by GOTHIC SCULPTOR, Italian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This is the tomb of the French Pope Clement IV who died in 1268, and the monument was executed in about 1271 by Pietro Oderisi.
		Rome during the thirteenth century was a flourishing artistic centre.
		An early example is the tomb of Clement IV.
	www.wga.hu /html/zgothic/gothic/3/08i_1300.html (267 words)

	ScienceDaily: Pope clement iv (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Look for Pope clement iv in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Pope clement iv in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for Pope clement iv in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/pope_clement_iv (905 words)

	Clement IV on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Clement R. Arrison to retire as President of Mark IV; William P. Montague will replace him.
		Mind of an assassin: Ravaillac and the murder of Henry IV of France.
		Clement V. Art criticism as narrative strategy: Clement Greenberg's critical encounter with Franz Kline.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Clement4.asp (361 words)

	The American Thinker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The death of Pope Clement IV on 29 November 1268 began a papal interregnum of almost three years, until Teobaldo Visconti was elected on 1 September 1271, then crowned with the name of Pope Gregory X on 27 March 1272.
		The tale is fascinating, and begins with the election of Clement, born Guido le Gros, a Frenchman, knight, and advisor to Louis IX, King of France, before turning to religion after the death of his wife.
		Upon news of the death of Clement, Bonaventure walked — for that was the only way Franciscans were allowed to travel, they could not even ride horses or mules — from Assisi to Viterbo, where Clement had died and where the cardinal electors were assembling.
	www.americanthinker.com /articles.php?article_id=4422 (1864 words)

	Pope Clement IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At this time the Holy See was engaged in a conflict with Manfred the so-called usurper of Naples ; and Clement whose election had taken in his absence was compelled to enter Italy in disguise.
		He immediately took steps ally himself with Charles of Anjou the French pretender to the Neapolitan who marched into Naples and having defeated slain Manfred in the great battle of Benevento established himself firmly in the kingdom.
		Pope Gosser POP57 7 3/8" Coupe Soup Bowl
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Clement_IV (294 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of November 23
		Clement's constant references to jealousy are to rebuke the church at Corinth, where hotheads had overthrown the lawful Christian leaders and unbelievers were mocking the Christian faith.
		Clement, first bishop of Metz, was sent from Rome to evangelize that district of Roman Gaul (Benedictines).
		Pope Saint Gregory's letters to Queen 0903Brunhilda and her grandson on the need of ending simony, especially from the episcopate, lead us to believe that the bishops of Burgundy and Austrasia were not the men to correct Merovingian morals.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1123.htm (6961 words)

	Church Knights Book Three
		When a cardinal envoy from pope Clement IV arrived, he and his officers revoked their confession -- sparking six years of violent debate.
		The ascension of Clement IV (Bertrand de Got) to the papacy was an ill-omened one.
		Clement's order for a full papal investigation may have been intended to prove such accusations ridiculous -- only to be hijacked by Philip's puppet cardinals that Clement had himself appointed.
	home.earthlink.net /~captkras/dave_html/mage/ck.4.0/ck3.html (8707 words)

	Pope Benedict XVI - Wednesday, 04/20/05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1268 after the death of Pope Clement IV, it took Catholic cardinals two years and nine months to select a new pope.
		But Vatican scholars also point out that by taking the name Benedict, the new pope may be signaling a conciliatory approach; the last pope to have that name, Benedict XV, was known for bridging the gap between modernists and traditionalists.
		Pope Benedict XVI has spent most of 78 years in the service of the church.
	www.tennessean.com /opinion/archives/05/03/68438508.shtml?Element_ID=68438508 (384 words)

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