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	pope clement ii - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Pope Clement Ii His Holiness Pope Clement II, n Suidger of Morsleben (died October 9, 1047), pope (December 25, 1046 - October 1047), son of Count Konrad of Morsleben and Hornburg and his wife Amulrad.
		All this was met with criticism from church reformers, although Clement's pontificate, starting with the Roman synod of 1047, initiated an improvement on the state of things in the Catholic church, particularly through enacting decrees against simony.
		Clement's tomb in the western choir of the Bamberg Cathedral is the only tomb of a pope north of the Alps.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/pope-clement-ii (214 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Clement V
		Of Pope Clement it may be said that the few measures of equity that appear in the course of this great crime were owing to him; unfortunately his sense of justice and his respect for the law were counterbalanced by a weak and vacillating character, to which perhaps his feeble and uncertain health contributed.
		Pope Clement was apparently active in favour of Philip's plan; at the same time he made it known to the ecclesiastical electors that the selection of Count Henry of Lützelburg, brother of the Archbishop of Trier, would be pleasing to him.
		As the pope died (20 April) before this collection had been generally published, its authenticity was doubted by some, wherefore John XXII promulgated it anew, 25 October, 1317, and sent it to the University of Bologna as a genuine collection of papal decretals to be used in the courts and the schools.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04020a.htm (3075 words)

	Pope Clement V Summary
		Clement V (1264-1314) reigned as pope from 1305 to 1314.
		He was elected Pope Clement V in June 1305, after a year's interregnum occasioned by the disputes between the French and Italian cardinals, who were nearly equally balanced in the conclave, which had to be held at Perugia.
		Clement V is often remembered for his nepotism, avarice, weakness and cunning, and often vilified as a willing collaborator in the designs of France against the Pope, who ushered in a century of schism: in the Divine Comedy, Dante is shown the place which awaits Clement V in the eighth circle of Hell.
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Clement_V (1336 words)

	Avignon Papacy
		Boniface VIII was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303.
		Clement V, pope (1305-1314), (Bertrand de Goth, archbishop of Bordeaux, France) is memorable in history for his suppression of the order of the Templars, and as the pope who removed the seat of the Roman see to Avignon.
		Clement may have acted conscientiously in his suppression of an order which had heretofore been regarded as a main bulwark of Christendom against the forces of Islam, but there can be little doubt that his principal motive was complaisance towards the king of France, or that the latter was mainly actuated by jealousy and cupidity.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/avignon_papacy.htm (1125 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Council of Vienne (1311-12)
		In September the pope went to Vienne with the cardinals and on 16 Oct., 1311, the first formal session of the council was held in the cathedral there.
		The pope announced this decision in an assembly of the cardinals, on 22 March, 1312.
		Nevertheless, an earlier Decree issued by Clement V was renewed, whereby the King of France was absolved from all responsibility for what he had done against Boniface and the Church.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15423a.htm (1100 words)

	AN ABRIDGED HISTORY OF ROME - PART II - V - THE POPES LEAVE ROME
		The new pope summoned the cardinals and the key members of the Curia, the papal court, to Lyons where he was anointed and became Pope Clement V on November 14, 1305.
		In June 1348 Pope Clement VI bought Avignon from the king of Naples; this act coupled with the construction of a very large palace indicated that the French popes were determined to establish their permanent residence in that town.
		Pope Urban V preferred to move his residence to Viterbo and Montefiascone and in September 1370 he left Italy to return to Avignon, notwithstanding the fact that St. Bridget of Sweden had warned him that he would die if he left Rome.
	www.romeartlover.it /Storia17.html (2848 words)

	Pope Clement V - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For his part, Clement V absolved all the participants in the abduction of Boniface at Anagni.
		In pursuance of the King's wishes, Clement V summoned the Council of Vienne (1311), which would not conclude that the Templars were guilty of heresy.
		Other remarkable incidents of Clement V's reign are his bloody repression of the heresy of Fra Dolcino in Lombardy and his promulgation of the Clementine Constitutions in 1313.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Clement_V (969 words)

	Avignon - France.com
		Avignon became the residence of the Pope in 1309, at which time the town and the surrounding Comtat Venaissin was under the rule of the kings of Sicily (the house of Anjou).
		In 1348 Pope Clement VI bought it from Queen Joanna I of Sicily for 80,000 gold gulden, and it remained a papal possession until 1791, when, during the disorder of the French Revolution, it was incorporated with France.
		Pope Gregory XI This period from 1309-1377 was also called the Babylonian Captivity, in reference to the Israelites' enslavement in biblical times.
	www.france.com /docs/546.html (799 words)

	The Knights Templar \| Pope Clement V - 1264 - 1314 \| templarhistory.com
		Pope Clement V was born Bertrand de Got in 1264 CE at Villandraut in Gascony.
		Clement V And The Downfall Of The Noble Knights Templar
		Clement using these confessions to his own ends was able to suppress the order of the Templars in 1312.
	www.templarhistory.com /clementv.html (583 words)

	Provence-Hideaways
		Pope Boniface VIII wanted to be recognized also as the supreme wordly power (the Unam Sanctam decree), which was rejected by Philippe IV, who even incarcerated the pope for a while.
		Pope Clement VI: 1342—1352, born in 1291 as Pierre Roger in a small village in the Corrèze, a Benedictine monk and doctor of theology.
		Clement VII, born Robert of Geneva, antipope from 1378 - 1394; the "official" Pope Clement VII is Giuliano de Medici (pope from 1523 to 1534).
	www.provence-hideaway.com /218.html (2109 words)

	Pope Clement VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Clement VII né Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici (1478 - September 25 1534) was pope from 1523 to 1534.
		This pope was an illegitimate son Giuliano de' Medici who was assassinated in the Pazzi Conspiracy against the Medici ; he was thus the nephew of Lorenzo de' Medici and cousin of Pope Leo X.
		Rome was assaulted and sacked on May 6 1527 and Clement who had displayed no resolution in his military than in his conduct was shortly afterwards obliged to surrender together with the castle of Sant' Angelo where he had taken refuge.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Clement_VII (690 words)

	References - Pope Clement Xiv (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Clement XIV, né Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli (SantArcangelo di Romagna, October 31, 1705 - Rome, September 22, 1774) was pope from 1769 to 1774.
		He was elected Pope on May 19, 1769, after a papal election extremely agitated by the intrigues and pretensions of the Catholic sovereigns, who were resolved to exclude every candidate favourable to the Jesuits.
		The claims that Clement XIV was poisoned were dismissed by those connected to him, and as the Annual Register for 1774 stated, he was over 70 and had been in ill health for some time.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /AAVSO2696/pope-clement-xiv-references.html (674 words)

	AllRefer.com - Clement V, pope (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Clement V, pope, Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes
		He was crowned pope at Lyons in Philip's presence and lived the rest of his life in France.
		Although Clement effectively squelched Philip's effort to have Boniface posthumously condemned as a heretic : an act that would have been disastrous to the papacy : he supported Philip in the infamous suppression of the Knights Templars.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Clement5.html (332 words)

	Perils of the Church and Decline of the Middle Ages
		Pope Gregory XI (1370-1378) gad made a secret vow, at the time he was elected pope, to bring the papal residence back to Rome.
		Pope Gregory was overwhelmed when Catherine of Siena told him she knew he had made a vow to return to Rome and was not keeping it.
		Popes of this period are known as the "popes of the Renaissance." While they were scholars and great politicians, their role of leadership in the spiritual realm often suffered.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/history/world/wh0072.html (3881 words)

	Pope Clement V
		Clement V, given name Bertrand de Gouth, Roman Catholic Pope from 1305 to 1314, was born of a noble Gascon family about 1264.
		In pursuance of the king's wishes Clement summoned the council of Vienne, which was unable to conclude that the Templars were guilty of heresy.
		The pope abolished the order, however, as it seemed to be in bad repute and had outlived its usefulness.
	www.nndb.com /people/197/000094912 (588 words)

	Is Sedevacantism Catholic? Part 1
		Boniface countered with the idea that the pope had the right to rule the states because the kings had come to the pope to be crowned.
		Pope Clement V took up residence in Avignon beginning what was termed "the Babylonian Captivity" because the reign from Avignon lasted about as long as the Babylonian Captivity and was under the influence of the French court.
		Pope John XXII took the same position as Boniface in that he insisted that kings had no right to rule until the pope had given the Bestowal of Imperial Dignity.
	www.sspx.org /miscellaneous/is_sedevacantism_catholic1.html (1492 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - The Church
		In 1305, Pope Clement V (1305-1314) temporarily moved his court from Rome to Avignon in south-eastern France in an attempt to maintain papal autonomy - thus began the Avignonese or Babylonian Captivity.
		Meanwhile, Pope Urban VI appointed new cardinals to fill the French vacancies and, for the next thirty-seven years, the Church was split by the Great Schism which saw papal courts established at both Rome and Avignon.
		Unfortunately, the popes of the last half of the fifteenth century involved themselves in the volatile politics of Renaissance Italy rather than the concerns of an international church.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/church.html (1420 words)

	Avignon - France.com
		Pope Gregory XI This period from 1309-1377 was also called the Babylonian Captivity of the popes.
		Several synods of minor importance were held there, and its university, founded by Pope Boniface VIII in 1303 and famed as a seat of legal studies, flourished until the French Revolution.
		The walls built by the popes in the years immediately succeeding the acquisition of Avignon as papal territory are well preserved.
	www.france.com /docs/90.html (289 words)

	THE RENAISSANCE
		Pope Boniface VIII declared 1300 to be a Jubilee Year and any who visited Rome at this time would receive a full indulgence, a remission of time spent in Purgatory by absolved and repentant sinners.
		Revolutions broke out and Pope Clement V left Rome and went to Avignon near southern France where the papacy would establish their residence.
		Clement V, in response to this, imposed new taxes on the clergy and papal officials sold reservations to offices not yet vacant.
	www.angelfire.com /mo/christian22/history3.html (1383 words)

	Avignon Popes - Provence Beyond
		A severe disagreement between Pope Boniface VIII and France's Capetian King Philip IV, the Fair (kings), led to the election of a French Pope in 1305.
		Pope Clement V moved to Avignon in 1309.
		Clement V stayed in the Dominican Monastery on his occasional visits to Avignon.
	www.beyond.fr /villages/avignonpopes.html (457 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Clement V
		The pontificate of Clement is one long chronicle of dictation by the French king.
		Clement stopped Philip’s effort to have Boniface posthumously condemned as a heretic; he supported Philip in the suppression of the Knights Templars.
		Called the Council of Vienne in 1311 to settle the issue, and to deal with questions of heresy and church reform.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0195.htm (139 words)

	St Vincent Ferrer
		Although Avignon was hit hard by the plague, Pope Clement VI reflected true Catholic teaching on love for God’s image and likeness by protecting the Jews in their hour.
		Clement V intended the move to be for a brief duration but it lasted from 1309 to 1378.
		The Roman Popes were Urban VI (1378-1389), Boniface IX (1389-1404), Innocent VII (1404-1406) and Gregory XII (1406-1415), while the Avignon antipopes were Clement VII (1389-1404) and Benedict XIII (1394-1417).
	www.secondexodus.com /html/patronsaints/stvincentferrer.htm (1597 words)

	Pope Clement VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Clement VI né Pierre Roger (1291 - December 6 1352) pope (1342 -1352) the fourth of the Avignon popes was elected in May 1342.
		Like his immediate predecessors he was devoted France and he further evinced his French sympathies by refusing a solemn invitation return to Rome and by purchasing the of Avignon from Joanna queen of Naples for 80 000 crowns.
		The other chief incidents of his pontificate his disputes with Edward III of England on account of the latter's encroachments ecclesiastical jurisdiction his excommunication of the Emperor Louis of Bavaria his negotiations for reunion with the Eastern Church and the commencement of Cola di Rienzi 's agitation at Rome.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Clement_VI (273 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes
		He was the fifth French pope in less than fifty years, but he inaugurated a new tradition when he continued to reside in France, in a tiny principality--the Comtat Venaissin--which was already papal territory.[1] For seventy-three years all the popes were French, and all but all of the cardinals.
		As, no doubt, were the rival popes, of both of whom (long before the crisis of 1408 which produced the first of these councils, Pisa) all parties were heartily sick and tired--because of solemn promises to resign made only to be broken, promises to negotiate with one another followed repeatedly by endless justifying evasions.
		The pope had not done this willingly and cheerfully, but compelled by the emperor Sigismund, at a crisis in John's own fortunes brought about very largely by his own evil life and by a curious loss of practical capacity that seemed to descend on him once he was elected.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun17.html (4142 words)

	Council of Vienne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Clement V caused the council to meet by issuing a bull called Regnans in coelis on August 12, 1308.
		In February 1312 envoys from the Philip IV negotiated with the Pope without consulting the Council, and Philip held an assembly in Lyon to put further pressure on the Pope and the Council.
		Clement was forced to adopt the expedient of suppressing the Order of Knights Templar, not by legal method (de jure), but on the grounds of the general welfare of the Church and by Apostolic ordinance (per modum provisionis seu ordinationis apostolicae).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Council_of_Vienne (1099 words)

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